scholarly journals The Myopia Progression in School-Age Children after Home Quarantine Due to COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 922-925
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Markova ◽  
R. S. Isabekov ◽  
L. V. Venediktova
Keyword(s):  
School Curriculum ◽  
School Closure ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
World Population ◽  
School Age ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The World

Myopia is an actual health issue in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 % of the world population may be myopic by 2050. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the Russian government started a nationwide school closure as an emergency measure to prevent spreading of the infection since the 23rd of March 2020. The present study was organized to investigate prevalence of myopia in school-aged children during the COVID-19 home confinement in Moscow. The studied group included school-age children: pupils of 1, 5, 11th classes. The inclusion criteria were: myopia — refraction above –0.5 D in conditions of cycloplegia. The results of survey 523 pupils from Moscow schools, the proportion of patients with myopia was 20.1 %, while the proportion of patients with myopia among 1st class pupils was only 8.3 %. In 5th class, the rate was 16 %, in the 11th grade reached 42.1 %, i.e. increased more than 5 times. The trend with an increase in the number of children with myopia in the learning process is explained by the increased visual load of the high school curriculum. Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be associated with a significant myopic shift for children aged 6 to 8 years due to the visual load increase in and a decrease in time spent outdoors. Further research is needed to evaluate these results and long-term follow-up of these children.

Use of Bivariate Random-Parameter Probit Model to Analyze the Injury Severity of Highway Traffic Crashes Involving School-Age Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110116
Author(s):  
Jaeyoung Lee ◽  
Suyi Mao ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Aty ◽  
Wen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
School Age ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
The World

Traffic safety has been a serious public health issue. According to the World Health Organization, annual traffic fatalities and non-fatal injuries are 1.35 million and 20 to 50 million, respectively, worldwide. Vehicle crashes, in particular, are the leading cause of the death of children in the world. This study aims to analyze the injury severity level of drivers and school-age passengers and to identify contributing factors, focusing on the effects of driver characteristics on the severity of injuries to the driver and child passenger. A bivariate model is adopted to capture unobserved shared factors between the driver’s and child’s injury severity levels. The results indicate that the factors contributing to the injury severity level of drivers and school-age passengers are quite different, and some driver characteristics significantly affect the injury severity of the child passenger. The findings from this study can contribute to an efficient strategic plan to reduce the injury severity of vehicle occupants.

scholarly journals Rationale for Targeted Confectionery Products for Children over Three Years Old

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-295
Author(s):  
Svetlana Misteneva ◽  
Tatyana Savenkova ◽  
Elena Demchenko ◽  
Natalia Shcherbakova ◽  
Timofey Gerasimov
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
High Energy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
School Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Confectionery Products ◽  
State Registration

Introduction. According to the World Health Organization, unhealthy diets are a major risk for noncommunicable diseases. These risks begin in childhood and develop throughout life. Scientists around the world are busy establishing optimal requirements for children’s diet that would contribute to their healthy development throughout the entire period of growing up. The quality of nutrition in childhood is a critical factor, since the physiological need for nutrients and energy during this period is especially high. Nutrition for preschool and school age children has its own specifics, e.g. lack of variety and functional products, preference for products with a high content of added sugar, fat, and salt, etc. Results and discussion. The article summarizes various recommendations on nutrition and physiological requirements for basic nutrients and energy. The recommendations are based on modern research on the nature and structure of children’s diet in Russia and abroad. The authors analyzed the Unified Register of State Registration Certificates of targeted functional foods. The paper also describes the main directions of improving the formulation of targeted confectionery products for preschool and school age children, based on taking global trends and principles of healthy eating. Conclusion. Most confectionery products have extreme content of critical substances, high energy value, and almost no dietary fiber, vitamins, or mineral matter. Therefore, new formulations of targeted confectionery products for children over three years of age are relevant and promising if developers take into account the principles of healthy nutrition. The existing regulatory framework for the production and sale of this group of products requires improvement.

scholarly journals A review of the control of schistosomiasis in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 111 (Number 11/12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kundai Magaisa ◽  
Myra Taylor ◽  
Eyrun F. Kjetland ◽  
Panjasaram J. Naidoo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
School Age ◽  
World Health Assembly Resolution ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract Schistosomiasis is the second most important tropical disease in the world in terms of public health impact. In South Africa, more than 4 million people are estimated to be infected with schistosomiasis. School-age children usually have the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. Schistosoma haematobium may result in female genital schistosomiasis which presents as inflammation and ulceration of the genital mucosa and pathological blood vessels. These effects may increase the susceptibility of women with female genital schistosomiasis to HIV. Praziquantel is the drug used to treat schistosomiasis and it is best to treat people during the early stages of infection, before female genital schistosomiasis presents as lesions and sandy patches, as there currently is no treatment for these symptoms. Schistosomiasis is not regarded as a serious public health issue in South Africa despite evidence revealing the seriousness of the disease. In areas endemic for schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization recommends regular mass treatment of all school-age children. In 2001, South Africa became a signatory to the World Health Assembly resolution 54.19 which urged all member states to achieve the minimum goal of 75% treatment coverage in school-age children at risk by 2010. This goal was not achieved in South Africa, despite efforts made by the Department of Health, such as the first statutory school-based geohelminth control programme in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. However, this programme has not been continued. Therefore, there is still much work to be done in order to control and decrease the prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic areas.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Refractive Error Among Early Primary School Age Children in Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Obumneke Ogbonna
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Screening ◽  
Early Primary ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Primary School Age

Abstract Introduction Refractive error is one of the major causes of blurred vision. It is a common eye disorder even in children. The World Health Organization had estimated refractive error to cause visual impairment to about 153 million people around the world with over 1.4 million children affected. Eighty percent (80%) of whom live in developing countries. The right to sight, a global initiative launched by World Health Organization, has the main aim of eliminating avoidable visual impairment and blindness at a global level. In order to achieve this goal, visual screening in pre-school and school children has long been a tradition in developed nations of the world. The significance of this cannot be overemphasized, especially with the already established correlation between school performance and visual status. However, in developing countries visual screening for children is not yet well established, thereby leaving many children with undetected refractive error, which could result in visual impairment. This study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of refractive error among early primary school age children at Ado-Odo Ota Local Government Area(LGA) in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methodology: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. It employed a multi-staged sampling method to recruit 205 pupils aged 5-9 years attending schools in Ado-Odo Ota as study participants to determine the prevalence of refractive error among the pupils attending primary schools in this area. Following ocular pathology screening for the children, subjects found fit were refracted both objectively and subjectively using auto-refractor and trial lenses respectively. Result: A prevalence of 30.73% of refractive error was recorded. Myopia had the highest prevalence (24.88%), followed by astigmatism 3.42% and hyperopia with the least prevalence of 2.44%. Older children had higher frequencies of refractive error than the younger ones with the males having more refractive error than the females (19.51% and 11.22%) respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that refractive error is significantly present among this population and recommended that parents should ensure that their children are screened for refractive error, and that government should introduce school health programs to curb the growing menace of visual impairment due to uncorrected refractive error.

scholarly journals Endovascular Bariatric Surgery as Novel Minimally Invasive Technique for Weight Management in the Morbidly Obese: Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2541
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Massimo Sangiorgi ◽  
Alberto Cereda ◽  
Nicola Porchetta ◽  
Daniela Benedetto ◽  
Andrea Matteucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
World Population ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Bariatric Surgery

Nowadays, obesity represents one of the most unresolved global pandemics, posing a critical health issue in developed countries. According to the World Health Organization, its prevalence has tripled since 1975, reaching a prevalence of 13% of the world population in 2016. Indeed, as obesity increases worldwide, novel strategies to fight this condition are of the utmost importance to reduce obese-related morbidity and overall mortality related to its complications. Early experimental and initial clinical data have suggested that endovascular bariatric surgery (EBS) may be a promising technique to reduce weight and hormonal imbalance in the obese population. Compared to open bariatric surgery and minimally invasive surgery (MIS), EBS is much less invasive, well tolerated, with a shorter recovery time, and is probably cost-saving. However, there are still several technical aspects to investigate before EBS can be routinely offered to all obese patients. Further prospective studies and eventually a randomized trial comparing open bariatric surgery vs. EBS are needed, powered for clinically relevant outcomes, and with adequate follow-up. Yet, EBS may already appear as an appealing alternative treatment for weight management and cardiovascular prevention in morbidly obese patients at high surgical risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dietary Iodine Intake in School Age Children: The Cross-Sectional ANIVA Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Morales-Suárez-Varela ◽  
Isabel Peraita-Costa ◽  
Agustín Llopis-Morales ◽  
Agustín Llopis-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Nutritional Adequacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Important Health

Iodine deficiency is one of the most important health problems in the world. It intervenes in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which carry out important functions, so that a deficit of this mineral causes alterations of different kinds such as those related to growth. The objective of the present study was to know the prevalence of iodine deficit in the diet of Valencian children from 6 to 8 years old and their relationship with anthropometry. The analysis of the dietary intake was carried out through questionnaires. Thirteen schools participated in the study. The sample studied consists of 661 school children belonging to the Valencian Community, between 6 and 8 years of age: 298 boys and 363 girls. 79.12% of the children did not meet recommended daily iodine intakes. When comparing the groups of girls and boys with an inadequate intake, in general, girls show worse nutritional adequacy. When comparing the groups of girls and boys with sufficient iodine intake, no statistically significant differences were observed. No immediate effects of iodine deficiency on children’s anthropometry were observed. Intake of dairy products, fish and iodized salt is recommended, since they can contribute to the diet the iodine required to avoid a deficiency.

scholarly journals Elimination ofOnchocerca volvulusTransmission in the Huehuetenango Focus of Guatemala

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Cruz-Ortiz ◽  
Rodrigo J. Gonzalez ◽  
Kim A. Lindblade ◽  
Frank O. Richards ◽  
Mauricio Sauerbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Onchocerca Volvulus ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mass Treatment ◽  
Eligible Population ◽  
Transmission Interruption ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Transmission Status

In Latin America, onchocerciasis is targeted for elimination by 2012 through twice-yearly mass treatment of the eligible population with ivermectin. In Guatemala, two of the four historical endemic foci have demonstrated elimination of transmission, following World Health Organization guidelines. Using established guidelines ophthalmological, serological, and entomological evaluations were conducted in 2007-8 to determine the transmission status of onchocerciasis in the Huehuetenango focus. The prevalence ofOnchocerca volvulusmicrofilariae in the anterior segment of the eye in 365 residents was 0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0–0.8%), the prevalence of infection ofO. volvulusinSimulium ochraceumamong 8252 flies collected between November 2007 and April 2008 was 0% (95% CI 0–0.02%), and the prevalence of antibodies to a recombinantO. volvulusantigen in 3118 school age children was 0% (95% CI 0–0.1%). These results showed transmission interruption; thus, in 2009 mass treatment was halted and posttreatment surveillance began. To verify for potential recrudescence an entomological evaluation (from December 2010 to April 2011) was conducted during the 2nd and 3rd year of posttreatment surveillance. A total of 4587S. ochraceumwere collected, and the prevalence of infection ofO. volvuluswas 0% (95% CI 0–0.04%). Transmission of onchocerciasis in the Huehuetenango focus has been eliminated.

scholarly journals Iodization of table salt and attitudes and habits in relation to the use of salt in general population

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Gorica Sbutega-Milosevic ◽  
Zorica Djordjevic ◽  
Zoran Marmut ◽  
Boban Mugosa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
World Health ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
World Population ◽  
Table Salt ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
The World ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. Combating nutritional deficiencies of micronutrients, such as iodine, represents a priority task of health care organizations. In 2003, the World Health Organization (WHO) published the publication: Global Prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), according to which some 2,2 billion people live in areas poor in naturally occurring iodine. Approximately 13% of the world population suffer from goitre - one of the IDD. The recommended iodine content in table salt is 20-40 mg/kg, which should satisfy the daily iodine requirements of an adult. Objective. The authors sought to ascertain whether iodization of table salt in Montenegro was carried out in accordance with the existing legislature. An assessment was also carried out of the attitudes and habits of the population regarding the use of salt in nutrition and the level of awareness in relation to the relevance of table salt iodization. Methods. The research was carried out in 2004 and was sponsored by UNICEF. A sample of 594 homes from the municipalities of Bar and Podgorica was chosen: 354 homes from urban and 240 from rural areas. The participants completed a questionnaire related to the daily use and intake of salt, as well as their understanding of the relevance of table salt iodization. Iodine content was tested in 15 samples of table salt at production level, 170 samples at retail level and 126 samples taken from domestic use. Results. The analysis of table salt samples showed an optimal iodine level in 73.3% of samples from production, in 81.2% from retail, and in 73.0% from domestic use. A lower level of iodine was found in 8.8% retail samples and 15.1% samples from home use. A greater concentration of iodine was found in 26.7% production, 10.0% retail and 11.9% samples from domestic use. Conclusion. Although the application of the WHO programme has led to an improvement in iodization of table salt in Montenegro, both at production and retail levels, this still falls short of the standards recommended by WHO to combat IDD. The levels of iodine in table salt in domestic use also fail to comply with the WHO criteria for elimination of IDD.

scholarly journals TERAS LIBRARY UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA SISWA SEJAK DINI DI SEKOLAH DASAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biya Ebi Praheto ◽  
Octavian Muning Sayekti
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Early Age ◽  
School Age ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Reading Culture ◽  
Reading Interest

Reading Opening Window The world is a pearl word that describes the importance of reading habits among people. Reading can provide a wealth of knowledge and information from different disciplines in any part of the world. Seeing this, reading has an important role to educate the next generation of the nation. The term reading culture will be a mere discourse if it does not begin with reading habits from an early age. It is the habit that will build the reading culture in Indonesia. According to data from UNESCO in 2012 mentioned that reading interest in Indonesia is only 0.001. That is every 1000 residents only one person who has an interest in reading. The low interest in reading in Indonesia is of particular concern to academics. Teras Library is one of the solutions to instill interest and reading habits in elementary school early on. The habit that is planted early on can be a character that is embedded in students to adulthood. The Teras Library will bring the book closer to the students so that students can read the book casually according to the characteristics of elementary school-age children. With the cultivation of interest and reading habit from an early age, it is expected in the long run there is no longer the term "Generation Zero Book" in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Physical development of children in St. Petersburg: to the discussion about methods of evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Vera L. Gritsinskaya ◽  
Valeria P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
The Body ◽  
International Standards ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
School Age ◽  
Modern School ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Growth Assessment

Anthropometric evaluation is an essential feature of pediatric evaluation. Different countries use different approaches in pediatric growth assessment. The article presents a comparative analysis of the body length (BL) indicators of modern school-age children in St. Petersburg with regional standards (1991) and international standards (WHO Growth Reference 2007). Anthropometric evaluation was conducted among 6207 children aged 7 to 17 years; the median, standard deviation and centile distribution of the BL values of school-age children were determined. We found that the values of BL of modern school-age children are higher than that their peers had thirty years ago; in boys, the maximum difference is found during the pubertal growth spurt; Non-parametric and parametric indicators of BL in senior pupils of St. Petersburg are higher than in the standards of the World Health Organization; in junior schoolchildren no difference was found. The data we obtained create the prerequisites for the development of modern regional standards for growth assessment of children and school-age children in St. Petersburg and their practical use for pediatric examinations.

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