Thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries branches as a complication of COVID-19 pneumonia (a case report)

The article presents a rare case of thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries branches, which developed in a patient two months after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that caused bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. The thrombosis was suspected because of a high plasma D-dimer level. Contrast-enhanced chest CT was performed to make a definitive diagnosis. The absence of blood clots in the veins of the lower extremities and pelvis allowed us to conclude that the patient did not have thromboembolism, but rather a pulmonary thrombosis in situ. Such possible causes of venousthromboembolic complications as tumors, systemic diseases of the connective tissue, and antiphospholipid syndrome were excluded based on negative tests for tumor and autoimmune diseases markers. The long-stay in the hospital was associated with the inability of the patient to maintain the normal level of blood oxygen saturation independently due to the large area of the lung damage associated with COVID-19 pneumonia and ischemia caused by thrombosis of the branches of the pulmonary arteries.

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IN SITU MONITORING OF MEAN BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION USING EXTENDED MODIFIED LAMBERT BEER MODEL

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237215500040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (01) ◽

pp. 1550004 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Audrey K. C. Huong ◽

Xavier T. I. Ngu

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

In Situ Monitoring ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Optical Monitoring ◽

Hypertension Status ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Fitting Procedure ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

The Mean

We present the use of Extended Modified Lambert–Beer model for optical monitoring of mean blood oxygen saturation ( S m O 2) via a fitting procedure. This work focuses on the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 520–600 nm to give the best estimates of S m O 2. The study of the feasibility of applying this analytic method to skin oximetry is via spectroscopy data collected from fingertips of four healthy volunteers both at rest and during arterial blood occlusion condition. The results revealed a decrease in the mean of mean and standard deviation of S m O 2 value of fingertips from 94.5 ± 2.19% when volunteers were at rest to 56.76 ± 5.8% during the arterial blood occlusion measurement. The larger variation in the value estimated for blood occlusion condition could be a result of differences in volunteers' physical fitness and hypertension status. These estimated S m O 2 values agreed reasonably well with the value reported in most of the previous studies. This work concluded that the proposed technique can potentially be used as a complementary technique to clinical assessment of skin grafts and burnt skin.

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The features of the course of virus-associated acute lung injury in mice with induced immunosuppression

Medical academic journal ◽

10.17816/maj77325 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Andrey G. Aleksandrov

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Acute Lung Injury ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Experimental Therapy ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BACKGROUND: Among all groups of patients with virus-associated acute lung injury with influenza infection, the most severe course is observed in patients with immunosuppression. In this case, despite the studied mechanism of the course of combined pathology, the question of therapy in this group of patients remains unclear. AIM: To study the features of the course of acute lung injury in influenza infection with secondary immunosuppression in an experiment for the possibility of searching for experimental therapy for this combined pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed on 115 outbred female mice. The mouse-adapted pandemic influenza virus A/California/7/09MA (H1N1)pdm09 was used for modeling viral acute lung injury. Experimental immunosuppression was reproduced by administration of methotrexate (1.25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, once every 3 days during 3 weeks before infection). During the experiment, mortality, blood oxygen saturation, the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs, and the severity of lung injury were measured. RESULTS: The presence of experimental immunosuppression led to an exacerbation of acute lung injury in infected animals in terms of mortality and lung damage. Changes in the dynamics of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-, IL-6, IL-1) in the lungs were observed during acute lung injury. Retarded recovery of the lungs functional activity was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental immunosuppression contributed to the exacerbation of acute lung injury and to an increase in the duration of the pathology. These changes could be associated with an altered process of elimination of the pathogen. The reproduced model of combined pathology was used for searching a therapy for these complications.

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PSIX-9 Impacts of bunk management on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hydrogen sulfide concentration and blood oxygen saturation in steers fed 25 or 50% modified distillers grains plus solubles

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 422-422

Author(s):

Rebecca L Moore ◽

Cierrah J Kassetas ◽

Leslie A LeKatz ◽

Bryan W Neville

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Management Strategy ◽

Distillers Grains ◽

Feed Ratio ◽

Sulfide Concentration ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Feedlot Performance ◽

Arterial Blood

Abstract One hundred and twenty-six yearling angus steers (initial body weight 445.87 ± 7.13 kg) were utilized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate the impacts of bunk management and modified distillers grains plus solubles (mDGS) inclusion on feedlot performance, hydrogen sulfide concentrations and blood oxygen saturation. Treatments included bunk management strategy either control bunk management (CON; clean bunks at the time of next day’s feeding) or long bunk management (LONG; feed remaining at time of next day’s feeding), and two inclusion rates of mDGS either 25% or 50% (DM Basis). On d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 rumen gas samples were collected via rumenocentesis, and arterial blood samples were collected on two steers from each pen. No differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed for dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio for bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score and quality grade were not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by either bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Back fat was greater (P = 0.04) for CON steers compared to LONG (1.30 vs 1.12 ± 0.05cm, respectively), but was not affected (P = 0.59) by mDGS inclusion. Steers on CON had greater (P = 0.03) yield grades compared to LONG (3.21 vs 2.96 ± 0.11, respectively). Bunk management strategy did not impact hydrogen sulfide concentrations or blood oxygen saturation (P = 0.82). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased (P < 0.001) with increasing mDGS inclusion. Blood oxygen saturation was influenced by day of sampling (P = 0.01). Blood oxygen saturation was not affected (P = 0.07) by mDGS inclusion. The fact that ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased while blood oxygen saturation remained similar raises questions about the quantity of hydrogen sulfide and metabolic fate of excess hydrogen sulfide in the blood of ruminant animals.

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Chlorosulfuric acid-assisted production of functional 2D materials

npj 2D Materials and Applications ◽

10.1038/s41699-021-00215-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Moazzami Gudarzi ◽

Maryana Asaad ◽

Boyang Mao ◽

Gergo Pinter ◽

Jianqiang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hexagonal Boron Nitride ◽

2D Materials ◽

Real Life ◽

Large Area ◽

Polar Solvents ◽

Aspect Ratios ◽

Two Dimensional Materials ◽

Liquid Phase Exfoliation

AbstractThe use of two-dimensional materials in bulk functional applications requires the ability to fabricate defect-free 2D sheets with large aspect ratios. Despite huge research efforts, current bulk exfoliation methods require a compromise between the quality of the final flakes and their lateral size, restricting the effectiveness of the product. In this work, we describe an intercalation-assisted exfoliation route, which allows the production of high-quality graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum disulfide 2D sheets with average aspect ratios 30 times larger than that obtained via conventional liquid-phase exfoliation. The combination of chlorosulfuric acid intercalation with in situ pyrene sulfonate functionalisation produces a suspension of thin large-area flakes, which are stable in various polar solvents. The described method is simple and requires no special laboratory conditions. We demonstrate that these suspensions can be used for fabrication of laminates and coatings with electrical properties suitable for a number of real-life applications.

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Accurate Detection of Heart Rate and Blood Oxygen Saturation in Reflective Photoplethysmography

2020 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT) ◽

10.1109/isspit51521.2020.9408845 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Krizea ◽

John Gialelis ◽

Anastasios Kladas ◽

Gerasimos Theodorou ◽

Grigoris Protopsaltis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Accurate Detection

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Dual-Energy Computed Tomography of the Lung in COVID-19 Patients: Mismatch of Perfusion Defects and Pulmonary Opacities

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics10110870 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 870

Author(s):

Saif Afat ◽

Ahmed E. Othman ◽

Konstantin Nikolaou ◽

Sebastian Gassenmaier

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Rating System ◽

Pulmonary Perfusion ◽

Imaging Studies ◽

Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Perfusion Defects

To evaluate contrast-enhanced dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) chest examinations regarding pulmonary perfusion patterns and pulmonary opacities in patients with confirmed COVID-19 disease. Fourteen patients with 24 DECT examinations performed between April and May 2020 were included in this retrospective study. DECT studies were assessed independently by two radiologists regarding pulmonary perfusion defects, using a Likert scale ranging from 1 to 4. Furthermore, in all imaging studies the extent of pulmonary opacities was quantified using the same rating system as for perfusion defects. The main pulmonary findings were ground glass opacities (GGO) in all 24 examinations and pulmonary consolidations in 22 examinations. The total lung scores after the addition of the scores of the single lobes showed significantly higher values of opacities compared to perfusion defects, with a median of 12 (9–18) for perfusion defects and a median of 17 (15–19) for pulmonary opacities (p = 0.002). Furthermore, mosaic perfusion patterns were found in 19 examinations in areas with and without GGO. Further studies will be necessary to investigate the pathophysiological background of GGO with maintained perfusion compared to GGO with reduced perfusion, especially regarding long-term lung damage and prognosis.

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Pulmonary Vessel Obstruction Does Not Correlate with Severity of Pulmonary Embolism

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8050584 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 584 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marianne Lerche ◽

Nikolaos Bailis ◽

Mideia Akritidou ◽

Hans Jonas Meyer ◽

Alexey Surov

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Pulmonary Arteries ◽

Severity Index ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Pulmonary Vessel ◽

Wells Score ◽

Clot Burden ◽

Spearman’S Correlation ◽

D Dimer

The aim of the present study was to analyze possible relationships between pulmonary vessel obstruction and clinically relevant parameters and scores in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Overall, 246 patients (48.8% women and 51.2% men) with a mean age of 64.0 ± 17.1 years were involved in the retrospective study. The following clinical scores were calculated in the patients: Wells score, Geneva score, and pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score. Levels of D-dimer (µg/mL), lactate, pH, troponin, and N-terminal natriuretic peptide (BNP, pg/mL) were acquired. Thrombotic obstruction of the pulmonary arteries was quantified according to Mastora score. The data collected were evaluated by means of descriptive statistics. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze associations between the investigated parameters. P values < 0.05 were taken to indicate statistical significance. Mastora score correlated weakly with lactate level and tended to correlate with D-dimer and BNP levels. No other clinical or serological parameters correlated significantly with clot burden. Thrombotic obstruction of pulmonary vessels did not correlate with clinical severity of PE.

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Remote, in-vivo monitoring of blood oxygen saturation of patients using optical fibres

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe ◽

10.1109/cleoe.1994.636470 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.J. Scully ◽

R. Holmes ◽

G.R. Jones

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Optical Fibres ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

In Vivo Monitoring

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Pulse Oximetry and Breathing Training1

Biofeedback ◽

10.5298/1081-5937-40.4.04 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 137-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Christopher Gilbert

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Pulse Oximetry ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Noninvasive Monitoring ◽

Control Of Breathing ◽

Oxygen Absorption ◽

Blood Oxygen ◽

Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽

Training Control ◽

Pulse Oximeters

Small pulse oximeters have become widely available and can be useful for noninvasive monitoring of blood oxygen saturation by nonmedical personnel. When training control of breathing, an oximeter helps to reassure clients who hyperventilate that their oxygenation is adequate, offsetting their perception that they are not getting enough air. Low saturation may indicate a medical condition that impairs oxygen absorption. In that case, hyperventilation is a biological compensation that should not be tampered with.

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