scholarly journals A prospective study of costs associated with the evaluation of allergic reactions to radiological contrast media

2022 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sobrino-García
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
Care Costs

Background: The prevalence of hypersensitivity reactions to radiological contrast media (RCM) is increasing due to the greater performance of diagnostic and therapeutic tests that require RCMs. Objective: We carried out a year-long real-life observational study to prospectively evaluate the patients referred to the Allergy Service from Primary Care, Emergency Room, and other Services with suspected moderate to severe RCM hypersensitivity. Methods: To study the costs of RCM hypersensitivity evaluation, we systematically recorded direct and indirect costs. Results: Sixty-nine patients with previous reactions to RCM were evaluated in the Allergy Service from June 1st, 2017, to May 31st, 2018. Total direct health care costs were € 10715.84, with a mean cost per patient of € 155.30 ± 77.08. Specifically, direct non-health costs reached € 1605.42 (mean € 23.27 ± 41.14), and indirect costs were € 6490.85 (mean € 94.07 ± 110.61). In summary, the total cost was € 18812.11, which means a mean cost of € 272.64 ± 164.77. Conclusions: Our study reflects that the costs of an elective evaluation of hypersensitivity to RCM are low. This fact reaffirms that correct and safe management of these patients could be cost-effective, so our efforts should be directed to implement the necessary logistics.

scholarly journals Aspiration sclerotherapy: a novel and cost-effective approach to the management of hydroceles in a developing country

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 3884
Author(s):  
Arijit Roy ◽  
Vijay Jain ◽  
Jahar Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: The present study was carried out with an aim to perform a prospective study to establish the role of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (3 %) (STDS) as a safe and effective sclerosant in the management of primary hydroceles.Methods: Sclerotherapy was performed with 3 % STDS on an outdoor basis. The amount of sclerosant injected depended on the amount of fluid drained. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics. Patients were clinically reassessed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months and earlier if complications occurred. All patients were given prophylactic antibiotics.  The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0. The data have been represented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare the data. A total of 57 patients with primary vaginal hydrocele gave consent for being enrolled in the study. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 65 years with a mean age of 35.72±13.18 years.Results: The success rate at the end of the study was observed to be 84.2 %. As regards patient satisfaction, in present study, in a limited time period of follow up, all the patients who had a successful procedure were satisfied.Conclusion: Overall, sclerotherapy was observed to be a relatively cost-effective (including both direct and indirect costs) procedure with low complications, high satisfaction, faster return to work and a high success rate within the limited period of follow-up.

Cost Effectiveness of Post-Remission Intensive Therapy in Patients with Acute Leukemia.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5522-5522
Author(s):  
Hui-Chi Hsu ◽  
Jyh-Pyng Gau ◽  
Hsiouh-Hsiang Chern ◽  
Wing-Keung Chau ◽  
Cheng-Hwai Tzeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Acute Leukemia ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Mean Cost

Abstract Background: We assessed the cost-effectiveness of high dose arabinoside (HiDAC)-based and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT)-based therapy in patients with acute leukemia. Patients and Methods: We analyzed the outcome, cost and cost-effectiveness of 106 patients treated between 01/94 and 01/02 (94 AML/12 ALL). Forty-two young patients at either intermediate or unknown cytogenetic risk received post-remission intensive therapy (24 HiDAC-based / 18 alloSCT-based therapy). Results: After a median follow-up of 50 months, the estimated 7 year overall survival for the HiDAC-based group showed a tendency to be higher than the alloSCT-based group (48% versus 28%; p=0.1452). HiDAC-base group spent a significantly lower total cost (USD 51,857 versus 75,474; p=0.004) than the alloSCT-based group. Cost-effectiveness analysis showed that the mean cost per year of life saved for the HiDAC-based group is considerably less expensive than the alloSCT-based group (USD 11,224 versus 21,564). The reduced total cost for the HiDAC-based group originated from lower cost in room fees, medication, laboratory and procedure, but not in blood transfusion and professional man-power fees. Conclusion: HiDAC therapy as initial post-remission intensive therapy is a cost-effective approach in AML patients at either intermediate or unknown cytogenetic risk, which deserves further prospective clinical study to address this issue.

scholarly journals Economic impact of compassionate use of medicines.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18840-e18840
Author(s):  
Claudio Jommi ◽  
Federico Pantellini ◽  
Lisa Stagi ◽  
Marianna Cavazza
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Mean Cost

e18840 Background: The economic impact of clinical trials in the perspective of trial sites has been already investigated. Instead, there is no evidence on the economic net benefit of compassionate use programs for medicines (CUP). This research aims to fill the information gap, investigating the economic consequences of 8 CUP in Italy carried out from May 2015 to December 2020 in the hospitals’ perspective. These programs concern five cancer medicines (alectinib, atezolizumab, cobimetinib, polatuzumab vedotin, trastuzumab emtansine TDM-1), for a total of 8 programs. Methods: Economic net benefit includes avoided costs for standard of care (SoC) the patient would have received if he/she has not joined the CUP and costs not covered by the pharmaceutical industry and sustained by the hospital hosting CUP. The latter include costs of adverse event (only severe sides effects generating hospitalisation and ascribed to medicines used in CUP), combination therapies and diagnostic procedures not covered by the sponsor. SoC costing relied on publicly available estimation. Adverse events and diagnostic procedures were retrieved from the CUP and monetized using the relevant fee for episode. Results: 1635 cancer patients were treated in eight CUPs. The SoC mean cost per patient ranges from €13355 to €28098 for all cancer drugs. The total cost of the SoC ranges from €21.8 - €45.9 million. The mean cost per patient covered by hospitals hosting CUP was equal to €2732 for cancer drugs, with a total cost of €4.5 million. The net economic benefit ranges from €17.4 million to €41.5 million for cancer treatments. Conclusions: Despite its limitations this paper illustrates for the first time the net economic impact of CUP in oncology patients in the perspective of payers. Additional evaluations are ongoing to better understand the overall effects of CUP implementation, i.e. the economic value of the comparative benefit profile of medicines used in CUP versus the SoC, including potential effects on indirect costs.

scholarly journals Relationship between Adherence Level to Statins, Clinical Issues and Health-Care Costs in Real-Life Clinical Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Dragomir ◽  
Robert Côté ◽  
Michel White ◽  
Lyne Lalonde ◽  
Lucie Blais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Adherence Level ◽  
Clinical Issues ◽  
Care Costs

scholarly journals Trends in incidence rate, health care use, and costs due to rib fractures in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonne T. H. Prins ◽  
Mathieu M. E. Wijffels ◽  
Sophie M. Wooldrik ◽  
Martien J. M. Panneman ◽  
Michael H. J. Verhofstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
Work Absence ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Care Costs

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to examine population-based trends in the incidence rate, health care consumption, and work absence with associated costs in patients with rib fractures. Methods A retrospective nationwide epidemiologic study was performed with data from patients with one or more rib fractures presented or admitted to a hospital in the Netherlands between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2018 and have been registered in the Dutch Injury Surveillance System (DISS) or the Hospital Discharge Registry (HDR). Incidence rates were calculated using data from Statistics Netherlands. The associated direct health care costs, costs for lost productivity, and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated using data from a questionnaire. Results In the 4-year study period, a total of 32,124 patients were registered of which 19,885 (61.9%) required hospitalization with a mean duration of 7.7 days. The incidence rate for the total cohort was 47.1 per 100,000 person years and increased with age. The mean associated direct health care costs were €6785 per patient and showed a sharp increase after the age of 75 years. The mean duration of work absence was 44.2 days with associated mean indirect costs for lost productivity of €22,886 per patient. The mean YLD was 0.35 years and decreased with age. Conclusion Rib fractures are common and associated with lengthy HLOS and work absenteeism as well as high direct and indirect costs which appear to be similar between patients with one or multiple rib fractures and mostly affected by admitted patients and age.

scholarly journals Practical Cross-Layer Radio Frequency-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Arie Haenel ◽  
Yoram Haddad ◽  
Maryline Laurent ◽  
Zonghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Iot Devices

The Internet of Things world is in need of practical solutions for its security. Existing security mechanisms for IoT are mostly not implemented due to complexity, budget, and energy-saving issues. This is especially true for IoT devices that are battery powered, and they should be cost effective to be deployed extensively in the field. In this work, we propose a new cross-layer approach combining existing authentication protocols and existing Physical Layer Radio Frequency Fingerprinting technologies to provide hybrid authentication mechanisms that are practically proved efficient in the field. Even though several Radio Frequency Fingerprinting methods have been proposed so far, as a support for multi-factor authentication or even on their own, practical solutions are still a challenge. The accuracy results achieved with even the best systems using expensive equipment are still not sufficient on real-life systems. Our approach proposes a hybrid protocol that can save energy and computation time on the IoT devices side, proportionally to the accuracy of the Radio Frequency Fingerprinting used, which has a measurable benefit while keeping an acceptable security level. We implemented a full system operating in real time and achieved an accuracy of 99.8% for the additional cost of energy, leading to a decrease of only ~20% in battery life.

scholarly journals Cost-of-illness for non-underweight binge-eating disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Academic Impairment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Binge Eating Disorders ◽  
Low Weight

Abstract Purpose This study examined economic costs associated with untreated eating disorders (EDs) characterised by regular binge eating in the absence of low weight. Both direct and indirect costs were assessed, reporting a limited societal perspective of economic impact as some costs were not included. Methods One hundred and twenty six adults seeking treatment for recurrent binge eating were asked to report impairment associated with an ED. Costs were calculated using 2017 prices, including an examination of variables associated with costs. Results Estimated societal costs for the year preceding assessment were £3268.47 (€3758.54) per person. In multivariate analyses, no reliable baseline associates of cost were identified. Conclusion The economic burden of EDs characterised by regular binge eating is significant, and underscores the need for efficacious and cost-effective treatments. Individuals with binge-eating disorders report work impairment and healthcare use that may cost the United Kingdom economy upwards of £3.5 billion (€4bn) per annum. Further studies should consider academic impairment and the economic impact of EDs on families. Level of evidence III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.

scholarly journals THU0548 THE ECONOMIC BURDEN OF ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS IN SPAIN. RESULTS OF THE SPANISH ATLAS 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 514.2-514
Author(s):  
M. Merino ◽  
O. Braçe ◽  
A. González ◽  
Á. Hidalgo-Vega ◽  
M. Garrido-Cumbrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs

Background:Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a disease associated with a high number of comorbidities, chronic pain, functional disability, and resource consumption.Objectives:This study aimed to estimate the burden of disease for patients diagnosed with AS in Spain.Methods:Data from 578 unselected patients with AS were collected in 2016 for the Spanish Atlas of Axial Spondyloarthritis via an online survey. The estimated costs were: Direct Health Care Costs (borne by the National Health System, NHS) and Direct Non-Health Care Costs (borne by patients) were estimated with the bottom-up method, multiplying the resource consumption by the unit price of each resource. Indirect Costs (labour productivity losses) were estimated using the human capital method. Costs were compared between levels of disease activity using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score (<4 or low inflammation versus ≥4 or high inflammation) and risk of mental distress using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score (<3 or low risk versus ≥3 or high risk).Results:The average annual cost per patient with AS in 2015 amounted to €11,462.3 (± 13,745.5) per patient. Direct Health Care Cost meant an annual average of €6,999.8 (± 9,216.8) per patient, to which an annual average of €611.3 (± 1,276.5) per patient associated with Direct Non-Health Care Cost borne by patients must be added. Pharmacological treatment accounted for the largest percentage of the costs borne by the NHS (64.6%), while for patients most of the cost was attributed to rehabilitative therapies and/or physical activity (91%). The average annual Indirect Costs derived from labour productivity losses were €3,851.2 (± 8,484.0) per patient, mainly associated to absenteeism. All categories showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) between BASDAI groups (<4 vs ≥4) except for the Direct Non-Healthcare Cost, showing a progressive rise in cost from low to high inflammation. Regarding the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), all categories showed statistically significant differences between GHQ-12 (<3 vs ≥3), with higher costs associated with higher risk of poor mental health (Table 1).Table 1.Average annual costs per patient according to BASDAI and GHQ-12 groups (in Euros, 2015)NDirect Health CostsDirect Non-Health CostsIndirect CostsTotal CostBASDAI<4917,592.0*557.32,426.5*10,575.8*≥43769,706.9*768.05,104.8*15,579.7*Psychological distress (GHQ-12)<31468,146.8*493.6*3,927.2*12,567.6*≥32609,772.9*807.2*4,512.3*15,092.5*Total5786,999.8611.33,851.211,462.3* p <0.05Conclusion:Direct Health Care Costs, and those attributed to pharmacological treatment in particular, accounted for the largest component of the cost associated with AS. However, a significant proportion of the overall costs can be further attributed to labour productivity losses.Acknowledgments:Funded by Novartis Farmacéutica S.A.Disclosure of Interests:María Merino: None declared, Olta Braçe: None declared, Almudena González: None declared, Álvaro Hidalgo-Vega: None declared, Marco Garrido-Cumbrera: None declared, Jordi Gratacos-Masmitja Grant/research support from: a grant from Pfizzer to study implementation of multidisciplinary units to manage PSA in SPAIN, Consultant of: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly, Speakers bureau: Pfizzer, MSD, ABBVIE, Janssen, Amgen, BMS, Novartis, Lilly

scholarly journals How chief risk officers (CROs) can have meaningful and productive dealings with insurance agencies: a leading example

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Bettanti ◽  
Antonella Lanati
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Building Relationships ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Retention Level ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Risk Appetite

AbstractIn broad terms, risk management (RM) covers four conventional actions in addressing operational risks (OpRisks), i.e., actions to mitigate, eliminate, accept, and transfer operational risks. In relation to transferring OpRisks to external third parties, this study aids chief risk officers (CROs) in addressing issues related to the reduction of economic exposure to OpRisk. In this respect, the economic handling of OpRisks and their coverage through specific insurance programs are among the major challenges that CROs face within their roles. The aim of this paper is to provide CROs with an analytical pathway to addressing these challenges by applying the total cost of risk (TCoR) method tailored to their purposes. Through a leading example, this paper demonstrates that the TCoR approach meaningfully and productively supports CROs’ decisions when striving to deal with OpRisk. In fact, the TCoR approach implementation, together with the application of Monte Carlo simulation as a computational tool, drives TCoR value optimization when OpRisk is transferred to insurance agencies. In addition, by applying a TCoR framework, CROs can find the correct and cost-effective balance between the company’s retention level—consistent with the company’s risk appetite—and the premiums paid to insurance agencies. In conclusion, this paper provides CROs with a methodological approach for efficiently building relationships with insurance agencies by consistently addressing TCoR-based dealings.

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