scholarly journals The Impact of Water-Related Challenges on Rural Communities Food Security Initiatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Ndivhoniswani Nephawe ◽  
Marizvikuru Mwale ◽  
Jethro Zuwarimwe ◽  
Malose Moses Tjale
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Water scarcity has been a critical concern in many countries of the world. The same concern has been discussed, analyzed and researched at different platforms to find better solutions to the challenges of water scarcity, and in most cases water scarcity directly influence food security in terms of food production. South Africa, being one of the water scarce countries that derives its food from the agricultural sector; water scarcity remains at the centre stage of the national socioeconomic debate. Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in many countries such as Zimbabwe and Ethiopia particularly for the farmers. However, there is insufficient information on the impact of water scarcity challenges on rural communities’ food security initiatives. This review is focused on unearthing water scarcity challenges in rural communities, their impact on agriculture and ultimately food security initiatives. This paves way for possible research areas, practical implications and strategies to mitigate water security effects on food security.

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 557-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands an increase in accordance with projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered to be a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA region. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water–land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million t yr−1 of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid to the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Food Security, Agricultural Sector Resilience, and Economic Integration: Case Study of ASEAN+3

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-109
Author(s):  
Putra Yudhatama ◽  
Fitri Nurjanah ◽  
Cassya Diaraningtyas ◽  
Mohamad Dian Revindo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Asean Member ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
The Impact

The issue of food security has been increasingly critical in many parts of the world. In many countries people are facing food crisis and it has severe impact on their economies. Ensuring food security has become a global challenge with various dimensions. This study aims to examine the impact of intraregional trade on food security in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and three additional countries (China, Japan, South Korea), known as ASEAN+3. Using panel data regression analysis, the results show that intraregional trade and the level of trade openness have positive and significant effect to increase food security as it increases food production level in ASEAN+3 countries. In pursuing food security, ASEAN needs to enhance and accelerate its future cooperation agenda. The ASEAN member countries need to support the realization of ASEAN vision 2025, which will create a more dynamic and resilient ASEAN, capable of responding and adapting to various challenges through robust national and regional mechanisms to overcome various issues, including food security.

Mapping global agricultural economic water scarcity to identify target areas for sustainable irrigation expansion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Rosa ◽  
Davide Danilo Chiarelli ◽  
Maria Cristina Rulli ◽  
Jampel Dell'Angelo ◽  
Paolo D'Odorico
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Economic ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Sustainable Irrigation ◽  
Water And Food Security

<p>With continuing growth in food demand and limited potential for cropland expansion, sustainable irrigation becomes an increasingly important strategy to ensure a reliable and resilient global supply of food in a changing climate. We here define and introduce the original concept of ‘agricultural economic water scarcity’ as the condition whereby croplands exposed to green water scarcity are not irrigated even though a sufficient amount of renewable blue water resources for irrigation is locally available. These conditions occur for instance as a result of a variety of socio-economic and political factors that impede irrigation. To date, little attention has been given to the analysis of this phenomenon and its role in the global geography of water scarcity. Here, we develop and apply a monthly agro-hydrological model to quantify and map croplands affected by agricultural green, blue, and economic water scarcity. By doing so we firstly provide a comprehensive, spatially explicit, global mapping of agricultural economic water scarcity across the global croplands. We then assess the water and food security implications of increased food production from irrigation expansion over economically water scarce croplands. Our results show that up to 25% of global croplands face agricultural economic water scarcity. Two thirds of economically water scarce lands are located in Sub-Saharan Africa, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia. Here, a sustainable irrigation expansion could increase food production and feed an additional 850 million people, while preventing further aggravation of blue water scarcity. The application of the concept of agricultural economic water scarcity has the potential to identify target areas for sustainable water and food security policies at global, regional, national, and local scales.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of food trade impacts on water, food, and land security in the MENA region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Rabi H. Mohtar ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Food

Abstract. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has the largest water deficit in the world. It also has the least food self-sufficiency. Increasing food imports and decreasing domestic food production can contribute to water savings and hence to increased water security. However, increased domestic food production is a better way to achieve food security, even if irrigation demands increase in accordance to projected climate changes. Accordingly, the trade-off between food security and the savings of water and land through food trade is considered as a significant factor for resource management, especially in the MENA. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the impact of food trade on food security and water-land savings in the MENA region. We concluded that the MENA region saved significant amounts of national water and land based on the import of four major crops, namely, barley, maize, rice, and wheat, within the period from 2000 to 2012, even if the food self-sufficiency is still at a low level. For example, Egypt imported 8.3 million ton/year of wheat that led to 7.5 billion m3 of irrigation water and 1.3 million ha of land savings. In addition, we estimated the virtual water trade (VWT) that refers to the trade of water embedded in food products and analyzed the structure of VWT in the MENA region using degree and eigenvector centralities. The study revealed that the MENA region focused more on increasing the volume of virtual water imported during the period 2006–2012, yet little attention was paid on the expansion of connections with country exporters based on the VWT network analysis.

scholarly journals Food security issues in the economic security system of the Republic of Armenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 08004
Author(s):  
M.G. Manucharyan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food System ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
The Republic

One of the most important components of national security is food security. The country's food security is mainly ensured through the development of agriculture, food production and food import systems. The main problems of the development of the agri-food system of the republic were the increase of the level of provision of the population with food, the increase of the level of economic protection of the country, which, first of all, requires an increase of agricultural production to provide the population with locally produced food products, raw materials to the processing industry as much as possible, as well as to increase export volumes. The main goal of the research is to develop and outline the ways of further development of the RA food self-sufficiency based on the development of agricultural production. Based on the analysis of the current situation in the agricultural market, to propose a set of economic development measures, which will contribute to the increase of the food security level, the development of the agri-food system, the reduction of the poverty level of the rural communities. The research substantiated the preconditions for further growth of agricultural production, as a result of comprehensive studies and analyzes, the main directions of improving food production and increasing efficiency were outlined, which conditioned the scientific novelty.

scholarly journals Impactos da Covid-19 na produção e comercialização de alimentos em Brasília-DF: desafios para os assentados/acampados da reforma agrária

GeoTextos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Luiza Barbosa Dias ◽  
Juscelino Eudâmidas Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agrarian Reform ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Direct Sales ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

<p>O setor agrícola foi severamente afetado pela pandemia de Covid-19, gerando incertezas sobre a produção e a distribuição de alimentos, o que afetou diretamente o trabalho de milhões de agricultores. Este artigo visa a analisar o impacto da pandemia na produção de alimentos em Brasília-DF, especialmente entre os agricultores assentados/acampados da reforma agrária. Para a análise, foram utilizados dados primários obtidos através de um questionário on-line destinado ao público da reforma agrária em áreas rurais das regiões administrativas da capital federal, além de dados secundários, disponibilizados por instituições públicas. Os resultados mostraram que o impacto da pandemia foi intenso entre os agricultores, deixando-os extremamente vulneráveis, principalmente nos meses iniciais da pandemia. Como forma de enfretamento dos efeitos da pandemia, os trabalhadores adotaram quatro medidas específicas: a utilização do serviço de entrega delivery; a venda de cestas agroecológicas; a participação em redes solidárias e a venda direta em feira de reforma agrária. Essas novas dinâmicas de comercialização têm transformado as formas de interação campo-cidade ao demandar estratégias diferenciadas para alcançar os consumidores finais, contribuindo para amenizar os efeitos disruptivos da pandemia nos sistemas alimentares locais.</p><p><span>Abstract</span></p><p>IMPACTS OF COVID-19 ON FOOD PRODUCTION AND COMMERCIALIZATION IN BRASILIA-DF: CHALLENGES FOR AGRARIAN REFORM SETTLERS/CAMPED</p><p>The agricultural sector was severely affected by the pandemic of Covid-19, genera- ting uncertainties about food production and distribution, which directly affected the work of millions of farmers. This article aims to analyze the impact of the pandemic on food production in Brasília-DF, especially among farmers settled in agrarian reform settlements. The analysis used primary data obtained through an on-line questionnaire addressed to the public of agrarian reform in rural areas of the administrative regions of the federal capital, as well as secondary data made available by public institutions. The results showed that the impact of the pandemic was intense among farmers, leaving them extremely vulnerable, especially in the initial months of the pandemic. As a way of countering the effects of the pandemic, workers have adopted four specific measures: the use of delivery services; the salof agro-ecological baskets; participation in solidarity networks; and direct sales at agrarian reform fairs. These new commercialization dynamics have transformed the forms of countryside-city interaction by demanding different strategies to reach final consumers, contributing to mitigate the pandemic’s disruptive effects on local food systems.</p>

From Food Production to Commodity Production in Argentina’s Agricultural Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Tomás Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Commodity Production

An analysis of the semiotic and productive transformation of food crops under Argentina’s agribusiness model through a study of the diffusion of the term “commodity” in the discourse produced/reproduced by the rural sections of the hegemonic media, combined with statistical data that allow a dialogue between discourse and measurable quantities, concludes that defining the Argentine countryside as a place for commodity production is linked with increasing crop production for export that leads to the erosion of food sovereignty and food security. Un análisis de las transformaciones semióticas y productivas de los frutos de la tierra bajo el modelo argentino de los agronegocios que examina la extensión del término commodity en los discursos producidos/reproducidos por las secciones rurales de los medios gráficos de comunicación hegemónicos, entrecruzado con datos estadísticos para poner en diálogo el nivel del discurso con el de las cantidades medibles, concluye que la consigna que define al campo argentino como un lugar de producción de commodities se imbrica con una tendencia a la intensificación de los cultivos orientados exclusivamente a la exportación y la erosión de la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria.

Water scarcity and food security: alternative futures for the 21st century

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Rosengrant ◽  
X. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Alternative Futures ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Agriculture And Food

Water availability for agriculture - the major water user worldwide - is one of the most critical factors for food security in many regions of the world. The role of water withdrawals in irrigated agriculture and food security has been receiving substantial attention in recent years. This paper addresses key questions regarding water availability and food security, including: How will water availability and water demand evolve over the next three decades, taking into account availability and variability in water resources, the water supply infrastructure, and irrigation and nonagricultural water demands? What are the relationships among water scarcity, food production, and food security? How much of future food production will come from rainfed and irrigated areas? A global modeling framework, IMPACT-Water, is applied to explore answers to these questions using analysis.

Factors driving indebtedness among small- and medium-sized dairy companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Alberto Mazzoleni ◽  
Enrica Pollonini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Structure ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeWe developed a model to demonstrate how multiple interrelated aspects of a firm influence its recourse to third-party financing, which frequently depends on the characteristics of each food production chain.Design/methodology/approachWe conducted an empirical research on a relevant sample of small- and medium-sized Italian dairy firms. Our research methodology is inspired by the grounded theory (Glaser and Strauss, 1967).FindingsOur findings illustrated that firm indebtedness is the result of intertwined variables, linked to different firm dimensions, including growth, financial structure and economic dynamics.Research limitations/implicationsA portion of the analysed phenomenon is not explained using the sample and econometric tools.Practical implicationsThere are practical implications for the decision-makers in a firm (in particular, the managers and the shareholders) as the model allows to evaluate the influence of a set of mutually interdependent firm variables for the indebtedness level.Originality/valueFirst, we considered the recourse to third-party financing within the context of the systems theory (Millová and Blatný, 2015) and from the perspective of linked causes and mutually connected variables. Second, our research focussed on a well-defined food chain and on features of firms operating in this context. Last, our model considered the impact of the recent economic crisis, which motivated us to review the existing models.

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