scholarly journals The Effect of Hypnotherapy on Pain Intensity in Postoperative Patients: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Risna Devi Yuniasti ◽  
Arif Setyo Upoyo ◽  
Agis Taufik

Background: Pain is a common problem in patients undergoing surgery. The constant postoperative acute pain can affect the physiological and psychological aspects of the patient.Objective: Non-pharmacological therapy is widely used for the treatment of chronic pain. Non-pharmacological therapy needs to be developed in acute postoperative pain due to concerns about the side effects of pharmacological treatment. There is non-pharmacological management that effectively reduces pain intensity, namely hypnotherapy.Methods: The systematic search for this review used the Google Scholar database, Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ), ProQuest, and PubMed using keywords (Hypnosis OR Hypnotism OR Hypnoanalysis OR Hypnotherapy OR Hypnotherapies OR Mesmerism) AND (Post-surgical Pain OR Post surgical Pain OR Postsurgical Pain OR Post-operative Pain OR Post operative Pain OR Post-operative Pains OR Postoperative Pain OR Acute Postoperative Pain OR Acute Post-operative Pain OR Acute Post operative Pain). The quality of journals was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) instrument. The synthesis method used was narrative synthesis (narrative synthesis).Results: 10 articles were fully reviewed from 2010-2020. The visualization technique with rapid conversational induction has the best effect than other techniques. The most effective way of conveying suggestions is indirect with a permissive approach. The study results showed that hypnotherapy tended to reduce postoperative pain in minor surgical procedures than in major surgeries.Conclusion: Hypnotherapy affects reducing the pain intensity of postoperative patients. The results of this study recommend that hypnotherapy suggestions and pain measures must be tailored to the patient's condition.

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 1465-1474
Author(s):  
Raheleh Baharloo ◽  
Jose C. Principe ◽  
Roger B. Fillingim ◽  
Margaret R. Wallace ◽  
Baiming Zou ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-172
Author(s):  
Nina Solheim ◽  
Bente Halvorsen ◽  
Leiv Arne Rosseland ◽  
Audun Stubhaug

Abstract Postsurgical inflammation leads to sensitisation of “sleeping” nociceptors, which enhance pain perception and induce hyperalgesia. Prostaglandin E2 plays a central role in this process. Synovial microdialysis technique allows analyses of biological markers of local inflammation simultaneous with a close follow up of the patient’s pain experience. Tissue injury (or surgery) initiates liberation of inflammatory mediators and hyperalgesic substances. This project is translational and aims at exploring the relationship between perceived acute postoperative pain and inflammation. Microdialysis of synovial tissue and pain score after arthroscopy is of special interest to study since the natural pain course and the local inflammation can be observed in patients with no analgesic therapy. Methods This is a clinical observational study of local inflammatory mediators and perceived pain in patients undergoing knee arthroscopy in general anesthesia with propofol, remifentanil and fentanyl. Microdialysis of the synovial membrane was performed in all patients every 20 min for 140 min postoperatively (seven samples). At the same intervals PGE2 was measured and correlated with patients report of pain intensity on a 0–100mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Results Five patients (1 female, 4 male) who did not receive any non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs or paracetamol were included. The pain intensity was 1–34mmVAS and the PGE2 levels were from 293 pg/ml to 5818 pg/ml. Maximum pain score (mean 23 and SD 12mm VAS) and PGE2 levels (mean 2026 pg/ml and SD 1380 pg/ml) occurred about 40 min after surgery. Correlation analysis shows a significant correlation (R = 0.48, p = 0.004). Conclusion This pilot study indicates a positive correlation between postoperatively perceived pain and local PGE2 concentration.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Anne Olbrecht ◽  
Keith T O'Conor ◽  
Sara E Williams ◽  
Chloe O Boehmer ◽  
Gilbert W Marchant ◽  
...  

BACKGROUND Distraction-based therapies, such as virtual reality (VR), have been used to reduce pain during acutely painful procedures. However, distraction alone cannot produce the prolonged pain reduction required to manage sustained postoperative pain. Integration of VR with other pain reducing therapies, like guided relaxation, may enhance their clinical impact. OBJECTIVE The goal of this pilot study was to assess the association of a single guided relaxation-based VR (VR-GR) session with a reduction in postoperative pain and anxiety in children. We also explored whether pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity influenced this association. METHODS A total of 51 children and adolescents (7-21 years) with postoperative pain followed by the Acute Pain Service at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital were recruited over an 8-month period to undergo a single VR-GR session. Prior to VR, patients completed pain catastrophizing (PCS-C) and anxiety sensitivity (CASI) questionnaires. The primary outcome was changes in pain intensity following VR-GR (immediately, 15, and 30 minutes). Secondary outcomes included changes in pain unpleasantness and anxiety. RESULTS VR-GR decreased pain intensity immediately (p < 0.001) and 30 minutes (p = 0.04) after the VR session, but not at 15 minutes (p = 0.16) post-session. Reductions in pain unpleasantness were observed during all time intervals (p < 0.001 at all intervals). Anxiety was reduced immediately (p = 0.02) but not at 15- (p = 0.08) or 30- (p = 0.30) minutes following VR-GR. Patients with higher CASI reported greater reductions in pain intensity (p = 0.04) and unpleasantness (p = 0.01) following VR-GR. Pain catastrophizing was not associated with changes in pain and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS A single, short VR-GR session showed transient reductions in pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and anxiety in children and adolescents with acute postoperative pain. These results encourage a future randomized clinical trial assessing efficacy of VR-GR. CLINICALTRIAL NCT04556747


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devjit Srivastava

Study design: Narrative review. Method: Eight bibliographic databases were searched for studies published in the (last five years up until Feb 2017). For the two database searches (Cochrane and DARE), the time frame was unlimited. The review involved keyword searches of the term ‘Amputation’ AND ‘chronic pain’. Studies selected were interrogated for any association between peri-operative factors and the occurrence of chronic post amputation pain (CPAP). Results: Heterogeneity of study populations and outcome measures prevented a systematic review and hence a narrative synthesis of results was undertaken. The presence of variation in two gene alleles (GCH1 and KCNS1) may be relevant for development of CPAP. There was little evidence to draw conclusions on the association between age, gender and CPAP. Pre-operative anxiety and depression influenced pain intensity post operatively and long-term post amputation pain (CPAP). The presence of pre-amputation pain is correlated to the development of acute and chronic post amputation pain while evidence for the association of post-operative pain with CPAP is modest. Regional anaesthesia and peri-neural catheters improve acute postoperative pain relief but evidence on their efficacy to prevent CPAP is limited. A suggested whole system pathway based on current evidence to optimize peri-operative amputation pain is described. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that optimized peri-operative analgesia reduces the incidence of acute peri-operative pain but no firm conclusion can be drawn on reducing risk for CPAP.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Anne Olbrecht ◽  
Keith T O'Conor ◽  
Sara E Williams ◽  
Chloe O Boehmer ◽  
Gilbert W Marchant ◽  
...  

Background: Virtual reality (VR)-based immersive games and content can distract or redirect attention. Distraction-based therapies, such as VR, have been used to reduce pain from acutely painful procedures. However, it is unlikely that distraction alone can produce the prolonged pain reduction required to manage sustained postoperative pain. Integration of VR with other pain reducing therapies, including mind-body techniques, may enhance their clinical impact. Slow breathing and relaxation techniques are used clinically to reduce pain in children. Incorporating techniques such as these into the immersive audio-visual VR experience has the potential to produce synergistic effects. The current pilot study assessed the ability of a single guided relaxation-based VR (VR-GR) session to decrease acute postoperative pain and anxiety in children and adolescents. We also explored whether pain catastrophizing and anxiety sensitivity influenced the ability of VR-GR to reduce these outcomes. Methods: A total of 51 children and adolescents (ages 7-21 years) with postoperative pain followed by the Acute Pain Service at Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center were recruited over an 8-month period to undergo a single VR-GR session. Prior to VR, patients completed pain catastrophizing (PCS-C) and anxiety sensitivity (CASI) questionnaires. The primary outcome was changes in pain intensity following VR-GR (immediately, 15, and 30 minutes). Secondary outcomes included changes in pain unpleasantness and anxiety. Results: Based on mixed effects models, VR-GR decreased pain intensity immediately (p < 0.001) and 30 minutes (p = 0.04) after the VR session, but not at 15 minutes (p = 0.16) post-session. Reductions in pain unpleasantness were observed during all time intervals (p < 0.001 at all intervals). Anxiety was reduced immediately (p = 0.02) but not at 15- (p = 0.08) or 30- (p = 0.30) minutes following VR-GR. Adjustment for covariates showed that patients with higher CASI reported greater reductions in pain intensity (p = 0.04) and unpleasantness (p = 0.01) following VR-GR. Pain catastrophizing did not impact changes in pain and anxiety following the VR session (all ps > 0.10). Conclusion: A single, short VR-GR session produced immediate and acute reductions in pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, and anxiety in children and adolescents with acute postoperative pain. These results encourage future randomized clinical trials to compare the effectiveness of VR-GR and mind-body based treatments to reduce postoperative pain outcomes and to reduce requirements for opioid medications during this period.


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