scholarly journals Comparison of conventional Papanicolaou smear and liquid‑based cytology: a study of cervical cancer screening at a tertiary care center in Bengaluru

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Chaitra Krishna ◽  
Savitha Chandraiah ◽  
Chandana Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Neoplasm ◽  
Cytological Abnormality ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth commonest cancer affecting women worldwide and the second most common cancer in women aged 15-44 years. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has been the cornerstone of screening for cervical neoplasm for the last 50 years. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced in mid-1990s as an alternative technique to process cervical samples has many benefits over Pap. A new second generation technique, Liquiprep was introduced after a decade has the advantage of a much lower cost. However, the information available on second generation liquid based cytology is limited. The objective was to look for the efficacy of LBC and to compare it to that of conventional cytology.Methods: This hospital based comparative study was undertaken 100 women who attended gynaecology OPD during 2017 at a tertiary care hospital in Bengaluru. Two cervical smears were simultaneously prepared from each subject, one for Pap smear and another for LBC followed by colposcopy and biopsy.Results: Among the study subjects, 89% of Pap smear analysis and 100% of smears in LBC showed satisfactory smear. Cytological abnormality was detected in 11% and 21% in pap and LBC, respectively. The present study showed higher sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 75% by LBC when compared to Pap smear (55% and 100% respectively).Conclusions: The present study showed that liquid based cytology is better in detecting cervical lesions when compared to conventional smear. 

scholarly journals Awareness about cervical cancer and its screening amongst patient’s attenders in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Varsha Reddy N ◽  
Yogesh Mohan ◽  
Charumathi B ◽  
Timsi Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Care Center

In recent years cervical cancer has been witnessed as the second most prevalent cancer amongst females throughout the world. Sadly, regardless of the proof of methods for prevention, the majority of the females endure unscreened. The hurdles to screening include ignorance towards risk factors, manifestations, stigma, and fallacy about gynecological ailments. This research was conducted with the objective to describe the extent of awareness about cervical carcinoma and its screening among patient’s attenders who are women and are in the reproductive age group in a tertiary hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted among patient's attenders age 15-45 years at a tertiary health care center, i.e., Saveetha Medical College and Hospital (SMCH) with a sample size of 158 and purposive sampling technique was used. Data was gathered using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using relevant statistical tests. Out of 158 study participants at SMCH,85 (53.7%) of them have heard about cervical cancer, 88 (55.6%) are apprised of screening of cervical carcinoma and 40 (25.3%) of them have been screened for cervical carcinoma using Pap smear. Study shows that more than half of the women have a satisfactory extent of awareness regarding cervical carcinoma. However, uptake of screening services is low. These results indicate that we need to increase awareness about cervical cancer and its screening.

scholarly journals A two year retrospective study of cytohistopathological correlation of cervical smear in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Sirasagi ◽  
Arpitha K ◽  
Saara Neha ◽  
Pratima Manohar Pattar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Cervical cancer in women is the second most common cancer and the commonest cause of mortality in developing countries. The introduction of Pap smear test changed the scenario of cervical cancer with an intense drop in the incidence and mortality due to invasive cervical cancer. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the patterns of cervical smear cytology and to correlate the cervical smear diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis and to assess the efficacy of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This two-year retrospective study (January 2018 to December 2019) was done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated considering histopathological diagnosis of cervical biopsy as the gold standard. Results: A total of 316 Pap smears were studied, out of which we selected 154 cases who also undergone biopsy or hysterectomy. Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) were found in 28 cases (18.2%). Among this the most common ECA was Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) seen in 10 cases (6.5%) followed by LSIL (5.2%), HSIL (3.2%) and SCC of cervix (3.2%). The overall correlation between cervical cytology and histopathology was found in 125 out of 154 cases (81.16%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of pap smear was 90.57%, 62.50%, 95.41%, 43.47% and 87.66% respectively. Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and effective method for detection of lesions of the cervix and ECA. Hence, better awareness and periodical cytological screening programs can help in the early detection of malignant cervical lesions and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality related to this malignancy.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Manual Liquid-Based Cytology with the Conventional Pap Smear for Cervical Cancer Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Mandya, Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014
Author(s):  
Manjunath M.R ◽  
Sheetal Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Human Papillomaviruses ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Hpv Dna ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

BACKGROUND A long pathological process for investigation of precursor lesion squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) leads to invasive cervical cancer. This SIL can be detected much earlier before the lesion progresses to invasive cancer. For greater than fifty years, screening for cancer cervix was done by conventional scrape smears and stained by Papanicolaou [Pap] stain but conventional Pap smears (CPAP) have been reported to have low sensitivity. To overcome these drawbacks manual liquid-based cytology [MLBC] was introduced. The objective of this study was to screen females for cervical cancer using CPAP and MLBC techniques and compare the results of these techniques. METHODS Cervical cytology samples were obtained from 120 non-pregnant females through specialised Uprep cytobrush with a detachable head. Thus, obtained samples were first smeared onto a clean glass slide for CPAP smear, and the whole head to cytobrush was dropped into the specialised Uprep liquid preservative medium and processed by using Uprep Cytospin machine to obtain MLBC smears. Both the smears were stained by conventional Pap stain and reported according to 2014 Bethesda system. RESULTS In this study, the CPAP method had a greater number of unsatisfactory smears than that of MLBC method which was statistically significant. MLBC identified more number of intraepithelial lesions when compared to CPAP and MLBC had an increased detection rate [IDR] of 73.68 % over CPAP. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of our results showed that MLBC had more advantages over CPAP. Since the cost effective MLBC has an improved rate of detection of abnormal lesions, MLBC can be used as a routine technique for screening of cancer cervix in India. Also, MLBC offers an important advantage of performing both human papillomaviruses deoxyribonucleic acid (HPV DNA) test and cytological analysis on a single sample. KEYWORDS Cervical Cancer, Conventional Pap Smear, Manual Liquid Based Cytology, Human Papilloma Virus (HPV DNA), Bethesda System

scholarly journals Cytohistological correlation of conventional Papanicolaou smears in cervical neoplasia at a tertiary care hospital of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1475-1479
Author(s):  
Anuj Poudel ◽  
Prahar Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Biopsy

Background: Conventional Cervical Cytology is the most widely used cervical cancer screening test. The incidence of cervical carcinoma is incredibly high in developing countries due to lack of proper knowledge. The extensive use of cervical screening with Papanicolau smears had considerably increased the detection of precancerous and cancerous lesion of uterine cervix. Study was conducted to evaluate cytohistological correlation and to calculate concordance and discordance of Pap smear in detection of precancerous and cancerous lesions of uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: A total of 54 samples reported in Pap smear as cervical intraepithelial lesions and suspicious for invasive malignancies were selected and correlated with corresponding histopathological findings. It was an observational study done for a period of 18 months from November 2016 to May 2018 at UCMS-TH. All the statistical evaluation was done by using SPSS version 20. Results: During the study period 54 cases were evaluated. Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance was the common abnormal findings in the Pap smear with frequency of 26 (48.1%). Out of total 54 cases of Pap smears, 30 (55.55%) were concordant while discrepancies occurred in 24(44.44%) cases with cervical biopsy. Conclusions: The study revealed a good correlation between cervical cytology and cervical biopsy. We also concluded that conventional Pap smear is a cost effective test for the early detection of precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Ghimire ◽  
Durga BC Rawat ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Kamar Jahan ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common health problem in Nepal. There is paucity of data regarding the spectrum of findings in cervical Pap in western Nepal. This study was aimed to study the cytological patterns in cervical Pap smears in patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study. Clinical features of patients who had presented with Pap smear was noted in a structured proforma. Pap smears were studied by a senior pathologist and reported based on revised Bethesda system (2014). Results: Most of the cases belonged to 31-40 years 399 (42.8%). Unsatisfactory/ inadequate sample was present in 133(14.05%) with obscuration due to inflammatory exudate being most common cause. Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy rate was noted in 798 (85.54%) with 477(51.2%) being normal findings. Epithelial cell abnormalities were noted in 116 (14.5 %) smears. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion constituted 321(34.5%), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 273(29.3 %) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 153(16.4%) of epithelial cell abnormalities. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 9(1%) of all reviewed smears. There was no statistical significance between the age and abnormalities of Pap smear (p=0.9). Conclusions: Pap smear is pivotal in cervical cancer screening in developing countries. It also identifies various inflammatory, infective, benign and malignant pathologies at the earliest thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Unsatisfactory rate in liquid-based cervical samples as compared to conventional smears: A study from tertiary care hospital

CytoJournal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Gupta ◽  
Vikrant S. Bhar ◽  
Arvind Rajwanshi ◽  
Vanita Suri
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Bethesda System ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Bethesda System

Background: Developed countries adopted liquid-based cytology (LBC) cervical cytology, partly because of its lower proportions of unsatisfactory (U/S)/inadequate samples. This study was carried out to evaluate effect on the rate of U/S samples after introduction of LBC in our laboratory. Materials and Methods: An audit of U/S cervical samples was performed, which included split samples (n = 1000), only conventional Pap smear (CPS) smears (n = 1000), and only LBC samples (n = 1000). The smears were reviewed by two observers independently, and adequacy for the samples was assessed as per The Bethesda System 2001. The reasons for U/S rate in split samples were categorized into various cytologic and/or technical reasons. Results: U/S rate was far less in only LBC samples (1.2%) as compared to only CPS (10.5%) cases. Cases in the satisfactory but limited category were also less in only LBC (0.4%) as compared to only CPS (3.2%) samples. The main reasons for U/S smears in split samples were low cell count (37.2% in CPS; 58.8% in LBC). The second main reason was low cellularity with excess blood and only excess blood in CPS samples. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction of U/S rate in LBC samples as compared to CPS samples, and the difference was statistically significant. The main cause of U/S samples in LBC was low cellularity indicating a technical fault in sample collection. The main cause of U/S rate in CPS was low cellularity followed by low cellularity with excess blood. Adequate training of sample takers and cytologists for the precise cell count to determine adequacy in smears can be of great help in reducing U/S rate.

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