scholarly journals Comparative study of conventional Pap smear and liquid based cytology as a screening method for cervical cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2439
Author(s):  
Bhagyalakshmi Atla ◽  
Uma Prasad ◽  
Venkata Satya Kartheek Botta ◽  
Uma Namballa ◽  
Lahari Pujari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

Background: Pap smear is the conventional screening procedure for cervical cancer. Liquid based cytology has been developed as a cost effective alternative as it has a short screening time, better morphology and clean background while also providing residual material to test for HPV DNA. Therefore this study is undertaken to know the role of Liquid-based cytology in evaluating pre-malignant and malignant lesions of cervix. Objectives of current study were to study the distribution of various cervical lesions on liquid-based cytology and compare them with conventional Pap smears. To know the role of liquid-based cytology in evaluating pre-malignant and malignant lesions of cervixMethods: This study included 200 women attending to gynaecology OPD and the samples were taken for both conventional cytology and liquid based cytology. The smears were studied in detail and were interpreted as per The Bethesda system 2014 of reporting pap smears and results are recorded and compared.Results: The commonest cervical lesions on pap smears by liquid-based cytology are NILM-reactive changes (N=92, 46%), NILM Candida infection is seen in 9 cases (4.5%) and trichomonas vaginalis infection in 5 cases (2.5%). Unsatisfactory smears on LBC is less when compared to conventional smears as the coefficient of correlation is significant with p value of 0.000422 (<0.05). The number of cases with a diagnosis of ASCUS is reported more in liquid-based cytology (9 cases) when compared to conventional Pap (8 cases). The number of cases with diagnosis of HSIL, SCC is reported more in liquid based cytology (7 cases) when compared to conventional Pap (4 cases). Epithelial cell abnormality were easily diagnosed on LBC smears with significant p value of 0.002414 (<0.05).Conclusions: Liquid-based cytology has advantages of fewer unsatisfactory smears and better detection of epithelial cell abnormalities when compared to conventional Pap smears. LBC is better for the screening of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervix even though it is costly.

scholarly journals Spectrum of cytological patterns in cervical PAP smears in a tertiary care center of Western region of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Pragya Gautam Ghimire ◽  
Durga BC Rawat ◽  
Kavita Sinha ◽  
Kamar Jahan ◽  
Richa Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a common health problem in Nepal. There is paucity of data regarding the spectrum of findings in cervical Pap in western Nepal. This study was aimed to study the cytological patterns in cervical Pap smears in patients in a tertiary hospital of Nepal. Methods: This is a prospective, cross sectional, hospital based study. Clinical features of patients who had presented with Pap smear was noted in a structured proforma. Pap smears were studied by a senior pathologist and reported based on revised Bethesda system (2014). Results: Most of the cases belonged to 31-40 years 399 (42.8%). Unsatisfactory/ inadequate sample was present in 133(14.05%) with obscuration due to inflammatory exudate being most common cause. Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy rate was noted in 798 (85.54%) with 477(51.2%) being normal findings. Epithelial cell abnormalities were noted in 116 (14.5 %) smears. Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion constituted 321(34.5%), High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion 273(29.3 %) and Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance 153(16.4%) of epithelial cell abnormalities. Squamous cell carcinoma was present in 9(1%) of all reviewed smears. There was no statistical significance between the age and abnormalities of Pap smear (p=0.9). Conclusions: Pap smear is pivotal in cervical cancer screening in developing countries. It also identifies various inflammatory, infective, benign and malignant pathologies at the earliest thereby decreasing the morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Utility of Papanicolaou’s smears in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix in a tertiary care centre of South Gujarat, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3342
Author(s):  
Shivangi S. Gandhi ◽  
Pinal C. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Malignant Lesions

Background: "Preventable but not prevented", this is the reality of cervical cancer today, at least in developing countries. 80% of all the cases of cervical cancer occur in these developing countries. In India, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. The Papanicolaou test is simple, quick, and painless. It is capable of detecting cervical cancer at an early stage and is used widely in developed countries, where it has decreased both the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Objective of the study was conducted to determine the importance of conventional Pap smears for the diagnosis of inflammatory, premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to June 2018 on 2000 women coming for a Pap smear examination in Government Medical College attached to New Civil Hospital, Surat. After doing Pap stain, all cases were reported as per the 2014 Bethesda system.Results: A total of 2000 cases of Pap smears were received out of which 1914(95.7%) cases were satisfactory for evaluation, 86(4.3%) cases were unsatisfactory. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities was 3.66%. The age group of 51-60 years showed the highest epithelial abnormalities. The frequency of epithelial abnormalities in asymptomatic women was 2.3%. Out of the 1844 cases, 103(5.6%) showed changes of atrophy, 1011(54.8%) cases showed inflammatory/reactive changes, whereas organisms were seen in 558(30.3%) cases.Conclusions: Pap smear happens to be an economical, safe and pragmatic diagnostic tool for early detection of cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Technology for the Prevention of Cervical Cancer in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
Nkegoum Blaise ◽  
Mboumtou Liliane
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Large Scale Screening

PURPOSE Our aim was to assess the accuracy of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) as a screening method for cervical lesions. METHODS VIA and cytologic smears were carried out on the cervices of nonpregnant women age 30 to 60 years with no previous history of cervical cancer. Cervices with acetowhite lesions or positive Pap smears, as well as 1 in 10 negative cervices (control), were biopsied. RESULTS Of patients, 10,020 women were enrolled and 9,626 (96.1%) were screened. With screening, 9,534 patients (99.0%) had adequate cytology smears, 1,148 (11.9%) underwent colposcopy, and 3,486 biopsies were obtained, of which 1,056 were controls. Sensitivity of VIA was 70.4% versus 47.7%, specificity was 77.6% versus 94.2%, positive predictive value was 44.0% versus 67.2%, and negative predictive value was 91.3% versus 87.8% for Papanicolau test, respectively. CONCLUSION VIA has acceptable test qualities and is now well implemented as a large-scale screening method in Cameroon.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

scholarly journals Enhanced Detection of Cervical Cancer and Precancer Through Use of Imaged Liquid-Based Cytology in Routine Cytology and HPV Cotesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Marshall Austin ◽  
Agnieszka Onisko ◽  
Chengquan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractObjectivesCervical screening strives to prevent cervical cancer (CxCa), minimizing morbidity and mortality. Most large US reports on cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) cotesting of women aged 30 years and older are from one laboratory, which used conventional Papanicolaou (Pap) smears from 2003 to 2009.MethodsWe quantified detection of CxCa and precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3/adenocarcinoma in situ [CIN3/AIS]) in 300,800 cotests at Magee Womens Hospital since 2005. Screening histories preceding CxCa and CIN3/AIS diagnoses were examined to assess the contribution of cytology and HPV testing. Cotesting utilized Food and Drug Administration-approved imaged liquid-based cytology (LBC) and from-the-vial HPV tests.ResultsLBC identified more women subsequently diagnosed with CxCa and CIN3/AIS than HPV testing. HPV-negative/cytology-positive results preceded 13.1% of CxCa and 7.2% of CIN3/AIS diagnoses.ConclusionsLBC enhanced cotesting detection of CxCa and CIN3/AIS to a greater extent than previously reported with conventional Pap smear and HPV cotesting.

scholarly journals Point-of-care digital cytology with artificial intelligence for cervical cancer screening at a peripheral clinic in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Holmstrom ◽  
Nina Linder ◽  
Harrison Kaingu ◽  
Ngali Mbuuko ◽  
Jumaa Mbete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Predictive Values

Cervical cancer is highly preventable but remains a common and deadly cancer in areas without screening programmes. Pap smear analysis is the most commonly used screening method but is labour-intensive, subjective and requires access to medical experts. We developed a diagnostic system in which microscopy samples are digitized at the point-of-care (POC) and analysed by a cloud-based deep-learning system (DLS) and evaluated the system for the detection of cervical cell atypia in Pap smears at a peripheral clinic in Kenya. A total of 740 conventional Pap smears were collected, digitized with a portable slide scanner and uploaded over mobile networks to a cloud server for training and validation of the system. In total, 16,133 manually-annotated image regions where used for training of the DLS. The DLS achieved a high average sensitivity (97.85%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 83.95-99.75%) and area under the curve (AUCs) (0.95) for the detection of cervical-cellular atypia, compared to the pathologist assessment of digital and physical slides. Specificity was higher for high-grade atypia (95.9%; 95% CI 94.9-97.6%) than for low-grade atypia (84.2%; 95% CI 79.9-87.9%). Negative predictive values were high (99.3-100%), and no samples classified as high grade by manual sample analysis had false-negative assessments by the DLS. The study shows that advanced digital microscopy diagnostics supported by machine learning algorithms is implementable in rural, resource-constrained areas, and can achieve a diagnostic accuracy close to the level of highly trained experts.

scholarly journals Liquid-based Cytology vs Conventional Cytology as a Screening Tool for Cervical Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uma Singh ◽  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Sabuhi Qureshi ◽  
Sakshi Foruin ◽  
Neha Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Conventional Cytology ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Aim To evaluate and compare the efficacy of liquid-based cytology (LBC) with conventional cytology (CS) as a screening tool for cervical cancer in postmenopausal women. Materials and methods This was an observational crosssectional study conducted over one year. Subjects were recruited from patients attending the outpatient department of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Pap smear and LBC were taken in all subjects. In cases with suspected lesions, the discrepancy between Pap smear and LBC and colposcopy was found. Results Pap smear reported 14.3% inadequate smears in women with postmenopausal changes and 5% inadequate smears in women without postmenopausal changes. In contrast, LBC reported no inadequate smear. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.011). Cervical neoplasia was ruled out in 53.6% cases by Pap smear and 75.8% cases by LBC. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Conclusion Liquid-based cytology offers better results in detecting cervical pathology when compared with Pap smear. Liquid-based cytology could be better as a screening method, especially in postmenopausal women in which the screening is challenging due to menopause-induced anatomical and hormonal changes. Clinical significance Cervical cancer is the most common genital cancer among Indian women. Postmenopausal women are at higher risk for developing cervical cancer. Low estrogenic state poses a challenge for detection of cervical cancer by CS in postmenopausal women. We investigated LBC as a better cervical cancer screening tool in this age group. How to cite this article Qureshi S, Singh U, Foruin S, Negi N, Agarwal G, Singh N. Liquid-based Cytology vs Conventional Cytology as a Screening Tool for Cervical Cancer in Postmenopausal Women. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):159-163.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Attitude About Pap Smear As An Early Screening Method For Cervical Cancer In The Private Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Belet Lydia Ingrit ◽  
Martina Elfrida Sinaga ◽  
Puji Astutik ◽  
Fransiska Ompusunggu
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Nurses Attitude

The prevalence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is very high, which it is estimated that every day 40-45 new cases appear. The purpose of this study was to describe nurses’ attitude about pap smear as an early detection of cervical cancer in a hospital in western Indonesia. The research method was used descriptive quantitative with purposive sampling technique. The results of this study shows that most of the respondents have the positive attitude in performing pap smears in the Western Indonesia hospitals with the percentage of 97,5% and the rest indicate negative attitude. The conclusion of this study is that the positive attitude of nurses towards early detection of pap smears is expected to be maintained and furthermore the hospital continues to provide health facilities for female nurses to carry out early detection of cervical cancer as an annual program from hospital.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY AND CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Bipin Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Conventional Cytology ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Liquid Based Cytology

INTRODUCTION: This high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced by an approach that includes prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programmes. There are currently vaccines that protect against common cancer-causing types of human papilloma virus and can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. in low socioeconomic or developing countries where screening programmes are not available, diagnosing cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced at around mid-1990s as an alternative technique to process the cervical samples. After that most of the developed countries has switched from conventional Pap smear to LBC. LBC has been proposed to be beneficial than Pap smear because of less number of unsatisfactory smears MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprises of 287 cervical samples from women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1 year.  Samples were taken and divided into two parts by split-sample technique.  Material was taken from the fornix, portio, and endocervix from all women. Slides for conventional cytology and LBC were stained according to the Pap method. LBC was considered representative if the slide contained >5000 epithelial cells. Endocervical cells were considered present if the slide contained ≥2 groups of glandular/metaplastic cells with ≥5 cells each or if the slide contained ≥10 dissociated glandular/metaplastic cells RESULTS: 287 patients were included in the study. Epithelial cell abnormality was observed in 10 cases in conventional smear while in LBC it was 11. In conventional smear pap report of Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 21,193, 21, 46 and 10 cases respectively. In LBC pap report Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 15,214, 22, 44 and 13 cases respectively. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 10 (3.5%) cases by both the methods. Of these 10 cases low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was observed in 2 cases, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in one case, Squamous cell carcinoma in one case and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 6 cases. CONCLUSION: There was a similar detection rate of epithelial abnormalities and infections in both the methods. US rate of CPS was 7.3% and 5.2% for LBC. Thus LBC can be a superior test as compared to conventional pap smear but has to reconsidered in the low-resource setting.

scholarly journals A two year retrospective study of cytohistopathological correlation of cervical smear in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar Sirasagi ◽  
Arpitha K ◽  
Saara Neha ◽  
Pratima Manohar Pattar
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Cervical cancer in women is the second most common cancer and the commonest cause of mortality in developing countries. The introduction of Pap smear test changed the scenario of cervical cancer with an intense drop in the incidence and mortality due to invasive cervical cancer. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the patterns of cervical smear cytology and to correlate the cervical smear diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis and to assess the efficacy of Pap smears in diagnosing cervical lesions. Materials and Methods: This two-year retrospective study (January 2018 to December 2019) was done in the department of Pathology in a tertiary care hospital. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy were calculated considering histopathological diagnosis of cervical biopsy as the gold standard. Results: A total of 316 Pap smears were studied, out of which we selected 154 cases who also undergone biopsy or hysterectomy. Epithelial cell abnormalities (ECA) were found in 28 cases (18.2%). Among this the most common ECA was Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) seen in 10 cases (6.5%) followed by LSIL (5.2%), HSIL (3.2%) and SCC of cervix (3.2%). The overall correlation between cervical cytology and histopathology was found in 125 out of 154 cases (81.16%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of pap smear was 90.57%, 62.50%, 95.41%, 43.47% and 87.66% respectively. Conclusion: Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and effective method for detection of lesions of the cervix and ECA. Hence, better awareness and periodical cytological screening programs can help in the early detection of malignant cervical lesions and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality related to this malignancy.

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