A study to assess the degree of depression among parents of mentally challenged children

Background: Raising a mentally challenged child is a challenging and exhausting task. Families can easily become overwhelmed by the process of finding and funding appropriate services. They are faced with the stress of continually witnessing their loved one's struggles to complete everyday tasks, social interactions and education. They must live with the knowledge that there is no end to these struggles.Methods: The study was descriptive study to assess the degree of depression. 200 parents of mentally challenged children in different special educational institutions of Jammu and Kashmir were chosen by convenient sampling method and data was collected with the help of questionnaire (modified becks depression inventory II).Results: Findings of the study revealed that majority 9 (4.5%) were normal ,63(31.5%) had mild depression, 92 (46%) parents had moderate depression and 36 (18%) of parents had severe depression. Significant association was found between relationship with child (p<0.005), religion (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.00), monthly family income (p<0.000) and the degree of depression among parents of mentally challenged children.Conclusions: This study revealed that majority of the parents of mentally challenged children were having moderate depression.

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AB1034 DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5852 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1808.2-1809

Author(s):

D. Karatas ◽

Z. Öztürk ◽

D. Cekic ◽

Z. Yuertsever ◽

Ü. Erkorkmaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Familial Mediterranean Fever ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Mediterranean Fever

Background:Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is a hereditary autoinflammatory disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis, and skin eruption (1). It is shown by studies that chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, chronic heart disease, hypertension which other than inflammatory – rheumatologic disease increase depression and anxiety (2). There are a few studies evaluating depression and anxiety in FMF patients, and these results are conflicting (3,4).Objectives:To assess the frequency of depression and anxiety in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF)Methods:In this study, 77 FMF patients aged 18 and over who were followed up in Sakarya University Education and Research Hospital, Department of Rheumatology, and 78 healthy volunteers aged 18 and over as thecontrol group. Beck depression scale and Beck anxiety scale were used to depression and anxiety, respectively. Beck’sdepression scale was evaluated as 9 and below normal, 10-16 mild depression, 17-29 moderate depression, 30-63 severe depression. Beck anxiety scale was evaluated as 0-8 normal, 8-15 mild anxiety, 16-25 moderate anxiety, 26 and above severe anxiety.FMF disease severity was determined by Pras scoring.Results:The study group, comprised 77 diagnosed with FMF with a meanage of 37.18 and a control group comprised of 78 healthy controls (C) with a meanage of 35.32 (p=0,058). İn studygroup (P) %63.6, control group (C) %53.8 as female. %36.4 of thestudy group(C), %46.2 of the control group are male. (p=0,216). The prevalence of depression was significantly higher in FMF patients compared to the control group (in order P;C: normal %24,7; %47,4, mild depression: %40.3; %26.9, moderate depression %26; %19.2, severe depression %11.7; %6.4 p<0.015). Similarly in depression results; the prevalence of anxiety was significantly higher in FMF patients compared to the control group (in order P;C normal %23,4; %57.7, mild anxiety %26; %20.5, moderate anxiety %26; %15.4, severe anxiety %24.4; %6.4 p<0,001). Depression status was not correlated with FMF disease severity (p=0.645). A correlation was found between FMF severity and anxiety which it is which was found statistically significant (p=0.005).There was no relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein with depression and anxiety.Conclusion:Both anxiety and depression frequency are increased in FMF patients compared to healthy controls.References:[1]Livneh A, Langevitz P, Zemer D et al. (1997) Criteria for the diagnosis of familial Mediterranean fever. Arthritis Rheum 40 (10), 1879–85.[2]Alonso J, Ferrer M, Gandek B, Ware JE Jr, Aaronson NK, Mosconi P, Rasmussen NK, Bullinger M, Fukuhara S, Kaasa S, Leplège A, IQOLA Project Group (2004) Health-related quality of life associated with chronic conditions in eight countries: results from the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res 13:283–298[3]Makay B, Emiroglu N, Unsal E (2010) Depression andanxiety in children and adolescents with familial Mediterranean fever. Clin Rheumatol 29, 375–9.[4]Giese A, Ornek A, Kilic L, Kurucay M, Sendur S. N., Lainka E, Henning B. F. Anxiety and depression in adult patients with familialMediterranean fever: a study comparing patients living in Germany and Turkey. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2017; 20: 2093–2100Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Depression Among College Students Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.26714/jkj.8.4.2020.421-424 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Uswatun Hasanah ◽

Nuri Luthfiatil Fitri ◽

Supardi Supardi ◽

Livana PH

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Online Learning ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Analytic Approach ◽

Questionnaire Data ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Special Groups

Depression among college students is very common. College students are special groups that are in transition from adolescence to adulthood that can create stress in one's life. College students try to fit in, make plans for the future, and being away from home often causes anxiety and results in depression for college students. In addition, during the Covid-19 pandemic, students felt bored at home, did not understand material optimally, were confused with online learning methods, and felt their abilities and grades dropped dramatically. This study aims to determine the level of student depression during the Covid-19 pandemic. The quantitative research with a descriptive analytic approach. The research sample was 147 students, the study was conducted in May 2020 on the students of Akper Dharma Wacana. The research instrument used the BDI II questionnaire. Data were analyzed univariately with a frequency distribution. The results showed that 21.1% of students had mild depression, 17% of students had moderate depression and 3.4% had severe depression.

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A pilot study of depression, stigma, and attitudes towards seeking professional psychological help among Arab adolescents

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2016-0070 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Latefa A. Dardas ◽

Susan Silva ◽

Devon Noonan ◽

Leigh Ann Simmons

Keyword(s):

Public Schools ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Self Report ◽

Future Research ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Professional Help ◽

Moderate Depression

Abstract The Arab region has the largest proportion of young people in the world and many of the factors that contribute to the onset of depression. Yet, very little is known about the current situation of depression and its associated stigma in this region. The purpose of this pilot study was to obtain preliminary data examining clinically significant depressive symptoms, depression stigma, and attitudes towards seeking professional help for depression among a sample of Arab adolescents from Jordan. Cross-sectional data were collected from 88 adolescents attending public schools in Jordan using self-report questionnaires that were available in, or translated into, Arabic. Among the 88 adolescents, 22% reported scores suggesting mild depression and 19% reported scores suggesting moderate depression, while 24% reported scores suggesting severe depression. The most frequently reported depressive symptoms were changes in sleep patterns (76%), changes in appetite (63%), agitation (62%), and crying (61%). The majority (73%) had moderate depression stigma, and 43% had negative attitudes towards seeking professional help. Yet, 67% believed they would find relief in psychotherapy if they ever had a serious emotional crisis. Findings suggest that the prevalence of depressive symptoms may be high among Jordanian adolescents. Further, many of these adolescents may experience depression-related stigma that affects their attitudes and willingness to seek professional help. To determine the true scope of these issues, including the prevalence of depression among Jordanian adolescents, future research should obtain data from a nationally representative sample.

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A cross-sectional study of factors associated with anti-depressant medication adherence in women attending an out patient psychiatry department

INDIAN JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND NEUROSCIENCES ◽

10.32746/ijmhns.2019.v2.i1.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-35

Author(s):

Mrinalini Reddy ◽

◽

Pallavi Abhilasha ◽

Thirunavukarasu Manikam ◽

Rajkumar Ramanathan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medication Adherence ◽

Treatment Adherence ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

First Episode ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Patients ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Severity Of Depression

Introduction: Treatment adherence and illness may not be related only by the severity of the illness but by so many other factors which impact on seeking and continuing treatment; yet severity of the illness will be one of the major factors influencing treatment adherence. Methods: Female patients attending the psychiatric OPD, diagnosed with depression as per ICD-10 guidelines and provided informed consent participated in this questionnaire-based study. A total of 135 patients who attended the OPD in 9 months were assessed for the severity of depression and medication adherence by administering scales to assess the severity of depression and medication adherence was assessed by questioning about the drug taking and hospital attending behaviour. Out of this, thirty-one were attending for the first episode and hence were excluded from the analysis. Results: Out of the 104 female patients diagnosed with depression of more than one episode, 44 (42.3%) had mild depression, 52 (50%) had moderate depression and 8 (7.7%) had severe depression. Twenty-nine women (27.9%) were on medications and 75 (72.1%) women were not taking their medications. While greater proportion of women with mild depression were adherent to medication (51.7%), more women with moderate depression didn’t adhere to medication (54.7%), even though such difference was statistically not significant. Older age, having a paid work and married status were significantly associated with medication (antidepressants) adherence. Conclusions: Our results indicate that medication adherence is associated with factors other than severity of depression. Work and marital status played a significant role in determining the adherence to antidepressant medications among women.

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PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION IN MEDICAL STUDENTS AT RAWAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, ISLAMABAD

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i1.139 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47

Author(s):

Uzma Hassan ◽

Naila Azam ◽

Ayesha Farooq ◽

Najm US Saqib Khan

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Health Sciences ◽

Female Students ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Depression is a common mental disorder, a reason of disability and can lead to suicidal tendency. It is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than 350 million, all age people suffering from depression. Medical Institute is a stressful and competitive atmosphere so the medical students have to make a lot of personal and social sacrifice to retain respectable educational grades. This pressure may result in an extensive range of psychological ailments like depression, tension and anxiety. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression in medical students at Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over six months using the non-probability convenience method of sampling. Total 100 students from different classes of 1st to 5th year MBBS were included. A close ended questionnaire was used by interview method and response was noted against thirteen study variables related to symptoms of depression. The prevalence of depression in students was calculated based on the ICD-10 criteria; according to which they were categorized as "no depression" having less than four symptoms, "mild depression" having four symptoms, "moderate depression" having four to six symptoms and "severe depression" having seven or more symptoms. Results: Out of 100 students 55% students were suffering from depression: among which 15 % were having mild depression, 23 % had moderate depression and 17 % had severe depression. It was more common among female students, residing in hostels. Conclusion: The results depicted that there is high prevalence of depression in medical students, more among female students. This study sets an important groundwork for more elaborate and extensive future studies. It is recommended that the Institutes should have comprehensive educational programs, regarding preventive measures about mental health syndromes, and implementation of rehabilitative approaches in this regard.

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Gambaran Depresi pada Mahasiswa Universitas X di Jakarta

Provitae: Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan ◽

10.24912/provitae.v12i2.6260 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Andri Setia Dharma

Keyword(s):

Beck Depression Inventory ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Average Score ◽

Counseling Service ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Maximum Score ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Minimum Score

Previous studies have shown that students often experience depression. Depression among students often stay unidentified due to no screening has been done. The aim of this study is to describe depression phenomenon in students of University X in Jakarta. A cross-sectional survey with self-competion questionnaire was conducted among active students in X University. Two-hundred and one student completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) to measure depression. Result showed that 36.8% students indicated to have depression with further detail of 17.4% students with mild depression, 14.4% students with moderate depression, and 5% students with severe depression. The average score for BDI-II is 12.2 (SD = 8.11) with 0 minimum score and 37 maximum score. This result indicated that University X need to perform screening of depression on their students since there is still found students with depression. Students are encouraged to utilize counseling service provided by University X.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS EXPERIENCES OF NIGERIANS AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC

10.31234/osf.io/9v78y ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abayomi Oladele Olaseni ◽

Olusola Stella Akinsola ◽

Samson Femi Agberotimi ◽

Rotimi Oguntayo

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Insignificant Difference

This study examined the psychological distress experience of Nigerians amid COVID-19 pandemic. From March 20, 2020 to April 12, 2020, this descriptive survey used a snowballing sampling technique to select 502-Nigerian with an online semi-structured questionnaire containing Impact of Event Scale-Revised, GAD-7, Patient Health Questionnaire and Insomnia Severity Index. Gender had insignificant difference in the level of insomnia (χ2=04.93; df=3; p>0.05), however, 20.8% of males had sub-threshold of insomnia, 8.2% experienced moderate insomnia and 5.9% had severe insomnia; 32% females reported sub-threshold of insomnia, 12.4% had moderate insomnia while, 3.6% had severe insomnia. Also, gender had insignificant difference in the measures of depression (χ2=01.94; df=4; p>0.05); 55.4% males reported minimal depression, 22.3% had mild depression, 11.9% had moderate depression; 6.7% to 3.7% males had moderately to severe depression while, 49.3% of the females had minimal depression, 26.7% reported mild depression, 14.29% had moderate depression, 4.4% to 5.3% had moderately to severe depressive symptoms. Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (PTSS) has no gender difference among respondents (χ2=02.51; df =3; p>0.05); 23% of males reported partial PTSS, 17.5% presented clinical PTSS, and 21.6% males had severe PTSS; while 29.3% of females had severe PTSS, 24% reported partial PTSS and 18.7% had clinical PTSS. Respondents reported insignificant gender difference on anxiety (χ2=0.08; df=1; p>0.05), while 51% reported moderate anxiety and 49% exhibited severe anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Findings revealed that Nigerians experienced psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. Government and stakeholders in health sectors should provide psychological health services for the residents in Nigeria.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION BETWEEN ELDERLY LIVING AT OLD AGE HOME AND LIVING WITH FAMILIES IN HARYANA

EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) ◽

10.36713/epra5119 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

Sonia Devi ◽

Suman ◽

Dr. Santosh Gurjar

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Old Age ◽

Health Problem ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Human Beings ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Elderly Living

Background and aim: Depression has always been a health problem for human beings. Historical documents written by healers, philosophers, writers, throughout the age point to the longstanding existence of depression as a health problem, and the continuous and sometime ingenious struggle people have made to find effective ways to treat this illness. In the study the aim to assess the level of depression between elderly living at old age home and living with families in Haryana. Materials and Methods: A comparative study to assess the depression between elderly living at old age home and living with families in selected Haryana. 100samples were selected by cluster sampling technique in each stratum have 50 samples. Data was collected with the help of Hamilton depression rating scale. Data analyzed by Descriptive (Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation) and inferential technique. Results: Level of depression among elderly living in old age home 2% having normal level of depression, 34% mild depression, 46% moderate depression, 4% severe depression, 14% very severe depression and Level of depression among elderly living with family members 46% having normal depression, 44% having mild depression, 08% having moderate depression, 2% having severe depression. Conclusion: The study shown that assess the level of depression between elderly living at old age home and living with families in Haryana. KEY WORDS: Comparative, Knowledge, Elderly, Depression, Old age Home

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PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DOS ESTUDANTES DE ENFERMAGEM DA UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL VALE DO ACARAÚ (UVA)

Enfermagem em Foco ◽

10.21675/2357-707x.2017.v8.n3.1532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Rosemiro Guimarães Ximenes Neto ◽

Cristhian Farias Ferreira Muniz ◽

Luiza Jocymara Lima Freire Dias ◽

Francisco Diogenes Júnior ◽

Maria Adelane Monteiro Da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Family Income ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

The State ◽

Educational Context ◽

State University ◽

Undergraduate Nursing Students ◽

Undergraduate Nursing ◽

Monthly Family Income ◽

Sociodemographic Profile

Objetivo: descrever o perfil sociodemográfico dos estudantes do curso de Graduação em Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA). Metodologia: estudo exploratório-descritivo, sob abordagem quantitativa, realizado no período de novembro de 2015 a setembro de 2017, com 276 acadêmicos de Enfermagem da UVA. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico através da plataforma Google Forms®. Resultados: 78,6% dos estudantes são do sexo feminino; 56,5% são adultos jovens com idade de 20 a 24 anos; 89,9% são solteiros; 57,2% de raça/cor parda; e 41,7% com renda familiar mensal de até um salário mínimo. Conclusão: com o atual contexto social, político e educacional da Enfermagem e o do SUS, os dados desta pesquisa contribuirão para o aperfeiçoamento do projeto pedagógico do curso e de políticas públicas para essa que é uma das mais importantes categorias de trabalhadores da saúde.Descritores: Enfermagem, Ensino em Enfermagem, Estudantes de Enfermagem.SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF UNDERGRADUATE NURSING STUDENTS OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY VALE DO ACARAÚ (UVA)Objective: To describe the sociodemographic profile of undergraduate nursing students from the State University of Vale do Acaraú (UVA). Methodology: Exploratory-descriptive study, under a quantitative approach, conducted in the period from November 2015 to September 2017 with 276 UVA Nursing students. The data collection was done by an electronic questionnaire through the Google Forms® platform. Results: 78.6% of the students are female; 56.5% are young adults aged 20 to 24 years; 89.9% are single; 57.2% race /brown color; and 41.7% with monthly family income up to one minimum wage. Conclusion: With the current social, political and educational context of Nursing and SUS, the data from this research will contribute in the improvement of the educational project of the course and public policies for this, that is, one of the most important categories of health workers.Descriptors: Nursing, Teaching in Nursing, Nursing students.PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE ENFERMERÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ESTADUAL VALLE DE ACARAÚ (UVA)Objetivo: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico de los estudiantes del curso de Graduación en Enfermería de la Universidad Estadual Valle de Acaraú (UVA). Metodología: Estudio exploratorio-descriptivo, con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado en el periodo de noviembre de 2015 a septiembre de 2017 con 276 académicos de Enfermería de la UVA. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de cuestionario electrónico a través de la plataforma Google Forms®. Resultados: 78,6% de los estudiantes son de sexo femenino; 56,5% son adultos jóvenes con edad de 20 a 24 años; 89,9% son solteros; 57,2% mulatos; y 41,7% con renta familiar mensual de hasta un salario mínimo. Conclusión: Con el actual contexto social, político y educacional de la Enfermería y del SUS, los datos de esta investigación contribuirán al perfeccionamiento del proyecto pedagógico del curso y de políticas públicas para esta, que es una de las más importantes categorías de trabajadores de la salud.Descriptores: Enfermería, Enseñanza en Enfermería, Estudiantes de Enfermería.

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Frequency of depression in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Psychiatric support necessity for diabetic patients

Medical Science and Discovery ◽

10.36472/msd.v6i10.312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 268-271

Author(s):

Erhan Önalan ◽

Yusuf Gökalp ◽

Mehmet Aslan ◽

Burkay Yakar ◽

Emir Döner

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Moderate Depression ◽

Healthy Control

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the risk of depression in T2DM patients in comparison to a healthy control group. Materials and Methods: The study sample included 100 patients diagnosed with Type 2 DM who were recruited consecutively from the general internal medicine polyclinic (46 males, 54 females, mean age 55.4±11.9 years) and 100 healthy control subjects who had no known diseases and had presented for routine check-up examinations (60 males, 40 females, mean age 37.6±3.7 years). The participants completed a questionnaire composed of a sociodemographic characteristics section and the Beck Depression Inventory, which probes the depression states of individuals based on self-report. Laboratory results of the participants were recorded. Results: Mean Beck Depression Inventory scores of the patient and control groups, which represent self-reported depression states, were determined as 17±8.5 and 8.5±7.3, respectively. Of the 100 diabetic patients, 8 were determined to have severe depression, 38 moderate depression, 34 mild depression, and 20 minimal depression; whereas, of the 100 healthy controls, 20 were determined to have moderate depression, 18 mild depression, and 62 minimal depression, with no cases of severe depression in this group. Conclusion: Our study reveals the importance of complementing the conventional patient follow-up procedure with psychiatric support in the management of type 2 DM patients.

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