scholarly journals Serum procalcitonin as a biomarker of sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Nyamnyei Konyak ◽  
Linda Marangmei ◽  
Medo M. Kuotsu ◽  
Laishram Chittaranjan Singh ◽  
L. Shaini Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sepsis Management ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Procalcitonin Level

Background: The overlap of clinical presentation between sepsis and SIRS has presented diagnostic difficulty in these two close common scenarios. Blood culture remains the gold standard for detection of specific micro-organism, the non-availability of culture report early and difficulty in culture of many organisms is a challenge in differentiation of sepsis from its mimickers. Keeping this background, a simple tool is needed to guide sepsis management while awaiting the culture report. Therefore, the present study is conducted to determine the procalcitonin level in the setting suspicious of sepsis and to differentiate it from SIRS. The objective of the study was to determine Serum procalcitonin level as a biomarker of early diagnosis of sepsis and also to differentiate sepsis from severe inflammatory response syndrome.Methods: Cross sectional study on 79 patients aged above 18 years with suspected sepsis admitted in medicine ward. Serum procalcitonin levels were measured and analysed to look for any association with sepsis.Results: Culture was positive in 41 patients and 38 patients were procalcitonin positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of serum procalcitonin were found as 96.68%, 94.74%, 95% and 92.30% respectively.Conclusions: There was a significant association between serum procalcitonin and culture positivity. Procalcitonin levels was found to have high sensitivity and high positive predictive value which may aid in the early diagnosis and guide initiation of anti-microbial therapy in sepsis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Specivity, Sensitivity, Positive and Negative Predictive Values of CA125 for Diagnosing Ovarian Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-203
Author(s):  
Elahe Fini ◽  
◽  
Neda Nasirian ◽  
Bahram Hosein Beigy ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Tumor Marker ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values

Background and Aim: Ovarian cancer is among the most common cancers in women worldwide. CA125 is the most frequent biomarker used in the screening for ovarian cancer. CA125 has no high sensitivity and specificity as a screening test in the medical community; however, because of being simple and noninvasive, it is almost always requested for evaluation and ruling out cancer. It plays an important role in the treatment and post-treatment process, the prediction of prognosis, and the relapse of the disease. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between a high level of CA125 tumor marker and ovarian cancer by detecting spesivity, sensivity, positive and negative predictive values. Methods & Materials: In this cross-sectional study, all cases undergoing CA125 test in Velayat Hospital in 2017-1028 were evaluated for having ovarian cancer. In addition, the CA125 level was compared between healthy individuals and patients with ovarian cancer. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS. Ethical Considerations: The present study was approved by the Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (Ethics Code: IR.QUMS.REC.1396.316). Results: In this study, 35.3% of the study participants received a definite diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Generally, CA125 values were negative in 41.8% and positive in.58.2% of the study subjects. The sensitivity of the test was measured as 80.1%, the specivity as 53.6%, the positive predictive value equaled 48.4%, and the negative predictive value was measured as 83%. There was a significant relationship between age and the presence of ovarian cancer, and serum CA125 levels. Conclusion: The present study suggested that age and the serum level of CA125 were statistically significant. Finally, CA125 levels were significantly related to ovarian cancer. It provided moderate specivity and specivity as well as low positive predictive value and high negative predictive value as a tumor marker; it is valuable for ruling out of tumor but not appropriate as a screening test.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of the Arcus Corneae For Age Estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Boonsak Hanterdsith
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Interobserver Reliability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Although the arcus corneae (AC) has long been used as an age indicator for forensic purposes, its diagnostic value has not been evaluated. To evaluate the AC as a predictor of chronological age, the author has studied the correlation of AC with respect to age of the deceased. A cross-sectional study was conducted of 342 Thai corpses at the Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital, Thailand. AC was graded into three levels: no AC, incomplete ring, and complete ring. One-way analysis of variance, chi-square test, binomial logistic regression, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios were used for analysis. The Cohen’s kappa was used to determine the intraobserver and interobserver reliability. The prevalence of AC and the probability of complete AC were significant higher in corpses aged 60 years and above than in those under 60 years. Consequently, this study confirmed that the prevalence of AC was significantly correlated with the age of Thai individuals. If the complete AC is used as an indicator of age of 60 years and above, complete AC has high sensitivity (92.56%) but low specificity (72.85%), low positive predictive value (65.12%), but high negative predictive value (94.71%). For diagnostic value, the presence of AC can be used for age screening but not for absolute confirmation. The absence of AC indicates young age, incomplete AC indicates middle age, and complete AC indicates old age. The high intraobserver and interobserver reliability provides assurance of the value of AC as a means to estimate personal age.

scholarly journals Positive predictive values of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) categories 3, 4 and 5 in breast lesions submitted to percutaneous biopsy

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Machado Badan ◽  
Décio Roveda Júnior ◽  
Carlos Alberto Pecci Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Augusto Trocoli Ferreira ◽  
Eduardo de Faria Castro Fleury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Histological Results ◽  
The City

Objective To evaluate the BI-RADS as a predictive factor of suspicion for malignancy in breast lesions by correlating radiological with histological results and calculating the positive predictive value for categories 3, 4 and 5 in a breast cancer reference center in the city of São Paulo. Materials and Methods Retrospective, analytical and cross-sectional study including 725 patients with mammographic and/or sonographic findings classified as BI-RADS categories 3, 4 and 5 who were referred to the authors' institution to undergo percutaneous biopsy. The tests results were reviewed and the positive predictive value was calculated by means of a specific mathematical equation. Results Positive predictive values found for categories 3, 4 and 5 were respectively the following: 0.74%, 33.08% and 92.95%, for cases submitted to ultrasound-guided biopsy, and 0.00%, 14.90% and 100% for cases submitted to stereotactic biopsy. Conclusion The present study demonstrated high suspicion for malignancy in lesions classified as category 5 and low risk for category 3. As regards category 4, the need for systematic biopsies was observed.

scholarly journals Overview of longstanding bronchial foreign bodies and role of virtual bronchoscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1729
Author(s):  
Arun P. Ajith ◽  
Aishwarya Ullal ◽  
Sanjeev Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rigid Bronchoscopy ◽  
Virtual Bronchoscopy ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Virtual bronchoscopy (VB) is a software based, three-dimensional visualization format created from non-invasive medical imaging methods such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging, with the goal of creating views similar to minimally invasive bronchoscopy procedure. The aim of the study was to find the usefulness of VB in diagnosing vegetative and non-vegetative longstanding intra bronchial foreign bodies (FB).</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: This was a retrospective and prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology M. G. M. M. C and M. Y. hospital Indore for a period of 5 years. The medical records of patients with FB aspiration from august 2006 to September 2015 were reviewed. Data was collected regarding their clinical presentation examination and chest x-ray findings. Patients with suspected FB aspiration were subjected to VB and rigid bronchoscopy was performed.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the subjects, we observed that chest radiograph were normal in as many as 40% cases. Hence negative chest radiographs do not rule out FB.  In 48 patients with FB aspiration, which was detected by VB, 46 patients were diagnosed to have FB on rigid bronchoscopy. This amounts to a positive predictive value of 98%, which was similar to the gold standard, which is rigid bronchoscopy which had a positive predictive value of 99%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VB is the only imaging modality which gives 99.9% reassurance about the presence or absence of a FB, because of its high sensitivity and specificity, hence proves to be a lifesaving tool.</p>

scholarly journals ACCURACY OF THE UPPER LIP BITE TEST;

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (01) ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ATIF ◽  
MUHAMMAD ABDULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD JAVAD YOUSAF ◽  
Khalid Buland
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Difficult Intubation ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Objective: To compare the accuracy of Upper lip bite test with modified Mallampati classification for predicting the difficultlaryngoscopic intubation. Study Design: Cross sectional Study. Place and duration of study: The study was carried out at Department ofAnaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain management, Combined Military hospital, Rawalpindi from September 2008 to August 2009.Patients and Methods: Four hundred patients undergoing elective surgery meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled afterwritten informed consent. The airways of the patients were evaluated by using the modified Mallampati classification (MMP) and theUpper lip bite test (ULBT). MMP class 3 or 4 and ULBT class 3 were considered as indicators of difficult intubation. The laryngeal view wasgraded by Cormack and Lehane classification (Gold standard). Grade 1 or 2 was considered to represent easy intubation and grade 3 or 4to represent difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy werecalculated for both the tests separately by using the 2×2 table. Results: ULBT had a higher accuracy of 94%, specificity of 99.2% andpositive predictive value 70% compared to MMP accuracy of 82.7%, specificity of 84.4% and positive predictive value of 22.7%.Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy of the Upper lip bite test was more than the modified Mallampati classification. We suggest that itbe compared with the other prevailing tests as well which are often used to assess difficult intubations.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Value of CK19, HBME-1 and TROP2 Biomarkers in Identification of Different Types of Thyroid Follicular Neoplasms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Vojuhi ◽  
Masoud Mohebbi ◽  
Zohreh Mousavi ◽  
Mohammadali Yaghoubi ◽  
Reza Ziaolhagh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Different Types

Thyroid malignancies are found in 7% to 15% of all thyroid nodules. Immunohistochemical markers, including CK19, HBME-1and TROP2, have shown an effective role in identifying these malignancies. Hence, due to the lack of appropriate diagnostic tests for the identification of thyroid neoplasms, in this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value of these biomarkers in the identification of different types of follicular thyroid neoplasms. In this cross-sectional study, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from the surgical resection of patients with thyroid nodules, referring to Imam Reza and Razavi Hospitals of Mashhad in 2017, were studied. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of these biomarkers for the identification of different types of follicular thyroid neoplasms were also studied. 129 patients with a mean age of 44.65±12.59 years participated in this study, of whom 101 (78.29%) were women. The most common type of follicular thyroid neoplasm was papillary carcinoma (60.47%). The highest sensitivity (94.87%) and positive predictive value (68.51%) in the detection of follicular neoplasms was observed by CK19 in papillary carcinoma. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of TROP2 in the detection of papillary neoplasms was 93.58% and 75.25%, respectively. In addition, HBME-1 had the highest specificity (72.54 %) and positive predictive value (81.57%) in identifying this neoplasm. The results of this study showed that CK19, HBME-1, and TROP2 had high diagnostic value in the detection of papillary thyroid neoplasms. Although these biomarkers had low diagnostic value in identifying follicular adenoma and carcinoma, given the high negative predictive value, they can be considered as powerful markers in identifying negative cases.

Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement of strength deficit in shoulder flexors of young females: a cross- sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 2559-2562
Author(s):  
Saadia Perwaiz ◽  
Muhammad Waqar Afzal ◽  
Ghulam Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Manual Muscle Testing ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Muscle Testing

Objective: To compare accuracy of manual muscle testing in detection of strength differences across grade 4 and 5 at different percentage deficits of dynamometric mean in shoulder flexors of young females.  Methods: Cross sectional research design, conducting primary analysis of strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer. Three hundred young healthy females without any ailment of upper extremity or generalized health problem were selected from University of South Asia and Association of Fatima Jinnah Old Graduates, Lahore. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. The age group selected was 18-39 years. The strength of shoulder flexors measured through manual muscle testing and hand-held dynamometer was main outcome measure. Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of manual muscle testing showed better results at 10% dynamometric measures. It was 63.33%(95% CI: 57.74%, 68.59%) in non-dominant shoulder flexors and 61.67% (95% CI: 56.05%, 66.99%) in dominant shoulder flexors. The positive predictive value (PPV) and specificity of manual muscle testing was better at 10% strength deficit in comparison with dynamometric measures, whereas negative predictive value (NPV) and sensitivity was better at 20% strength deficit. Contrasting association was found between positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity, negative predictive value and specificity.  Conclusion: The subjective area of grade 4 and 5 showed better, although not ideal, diagnostic worth at 10% deficit of dynamometric measures in shoulder flexors. Further exploration through study of contrasting trends between PPV and sensitivity by subgroup analysis is required. Continuous...

Sensitivity and Specificity of Maternal Anthropometric Measures Relative to Infant Nutritional Status

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Nugroho Abikusno ◽  
Rachel Novotny
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
Weight For Age

This cross-sectional study was done in July 1990 at health posts of two subdistricts in Cilandak, South Jakarta, Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of maternal anthropometric measures against the functional outcome of infant nutritional status (weight-for-age). The study population consisted of 175 mother-infant pairs, who were between 14-45 years old, and their infants, who were 0-6 months old. The indicators that identified women at risk of their infant being poor nutritional status (weight-for-age less than −1 SD) were maternal weight (sensitivity 33%, specificity 89%, and positive predictive value 26%), height (sensitivity 39%, specificity 83% and positive predictive value 21%), and calf circumference (sensitivity 50%, specificity 85% and positive predictive value 28%).

scholarly journals Procalcitonin – A Reliable Marker for Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis in Compare to CRP

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Jesmin Akter ◽  
Forrukh Ahammad ◽  
Tahmina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Suspected Sepsis ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
Serum Crp

Background: Early recognition and diagnosis of neonatal sepsis are difficult because of the variable and non-specific clinical presentation of this condition. It is extremely important to make an early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis for prompt institution of antimicrobial therapy. So the objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of serum procalcitonin as a reliable marker in diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Methodology: This cross sectional analytical study was carried out in the Special Care Baby Unit of a tertiary level care hospital in Bangladesh from September 2012 to May 2013. Total 75 newborn with suspected sepsis were included in the study. Specimens of blood were obtained from each neonate prior to commencement of antibiotic for sepsis work up. Serum CRP and procalcitoninlevels were measured. The data from blood cultures were used as the gold standard to evaluate the optimum sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the Receiver Operative Characteristic (ROC) curves.Results:Among total 75 newborns included in this study, 49.3% (37) newborn were diagnosed as proven sepsis and 50.7% (38) newborn as clinical sepsis.The procalcitonin (PCT) was high in 58.7% (500-<2000 pg/ml) newborn and remarkably high (2000-<10000) in 36% newborn with sepsis. At a cut-off value > 500pg/ml, the sensitivity of PCT in detecting sepsis was 48.6%, its specificity 76.3%, positive predictive value was 66.7%, and negative predictive value was 60.4% whereas the sensitivity of CRP for predicting sepsis was 35.1%, specificity 78.9%, positive predictive value 61.9% and negative predictive value was 55.6%. The area under the ROC curve for procalcitonin(0.653) was significantly higher than CRP (0.571).Conclusion:Serum PCT was superior to serum CRP level in terms of early diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, in detecting the severity of sepsis. PCT is a reliable marker than CRP in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.Bangladesh J Child Health 2018; VOL 42 (1) :19-25

Administrative Data Fail to Accurately Identify Cases of Healthcare-Associated Infection

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen R. Sherman ◽  
Kateri H. Heydon ◽  
Keith H. St. John ◽  
Eva Teszner ◽  
Susan L. Rettig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Active Surveillance ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Very High

Objective.Some policy makers have embraced public reporting of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) as a strategy for improving patient safety and reducing healthcare costs. We compared the accuracy of 2 methods of identifying cases of HAI: review of administrative data and targeted active surveillance.Design, Setting, and Participants.A cross-sectional prospective study was performed during a 9-month period in 2004 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a 418-bed academic pediatric hospital. “True HAI” cases were defined as those that met the definitions of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System and that were detected by a trained infection control professional on review of the medical record. We examined the sensitivity and the positive and negative predictive values of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data and by targeted active surveillance.Results.We found similar sensitivities for identification of HAI cases by review of administrative data (61%) and by targeted active surveillance (76%). However, the positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by review of administrative data was poor (20%), whereas that of targeted active surveillance was 100%.Conclusions.The positive predictive value of identifying HAI cases by targeted active surveillance is very high. Additional investigation is needed to define the optimal detection method for institutions that provide HAI data for comparative analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document