scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on geriatric depression and its associated risk factors in an urban area of Hyderabad, India

Author(s):  
Nirmala Nagarada Gadde ◽  
Bhagya Rekha Gogolla ◽  
Vineesh Allenki ◽  
Ravi Babu Damu

Background: The geriatric population is increasing with advancements in the health sector all over the world. At the same time, old age tackles physical, mental and social challenges. Mental health of the elderly is least concerned in developing countries, especially depression, which is easy to screen and our study aims to know its burden and associated risk factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and November 2021 among the geriatric population of Mansoorabad, an urban area in Hyderabad, using the short form of geriatric depression scale (GDS) to assess their depression status. Study subjects who met our criteria were selected through simple random sampling. Data collected were entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3.Results: In our study sample of 161, males were 61 (37.9%), females-100(62.1%). Most of the study subjects were in the age group 60-70 years (137, 85.1%), followed by the 70-80 years age group (24, 14.9%). Nearly 59.6% of subjects had no depression, 19.9% suffered from mild depression, 8.1%-moderately depressed, whereas 12.4%-severely depressed. The mean age of subjects was 65.6 (±5.9) years. Chi-square test was used to study the association of various factors with geriatric depression and age group, and socio-economic status showed a statistically significant association.Conclusions: This study points towards the sensitization of healthcare workers and other subsidiary health personnel at the grassroots level to detect geriatric depression in nascent stages. Many longitudinal follow-up studies are needed to address various aspects of depression. 

Author(s):  
Ruchi Dhar ◽  
Vidya G. S. ◽  
Ritu Kashyap

Background: Various community-based studies have revealed that the prevalence of depression in geriatric population in India varies between 13% and 25%. In spite of the magnitude of this problem there are very few studies from India investigating geriatric depression and its associated risk factors. This study aims to establish the prevalence, socio- demographic correlates and factors associated with geriatric depression in an urban slum of Davangere city. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression and its association with socio- demographic factors among the geriatric population in an urban slum of Davangere city.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted from June to November 2016, among the geriatric people residing in an urban slum (Mustafanagar) of Davangere city. A house to house survey was done and all the geriatric people willing to participate in the study were selected and assessed for depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale.Results: In this study the prevalence of depression was found to be 39% among the elderly, of which 33% had mild depression and 6% had severe depression.Conclusions: In this study it was found that the prevalence of depression was higher among those who were widowed and those who were living alone. It was also more among the people belonging to Class V Socio-economic status (Modified B.G Prasad Classification) and people suffering from a chronic illness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Zeinab Alizadeh ◽  
Hamidreza Roohafza ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan

Purpose This study aimed to examine the association of shift work with depression and anxiety in a large sample of formal and contractual employees of a mill steel company, Isfahan, Iran. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study was performed in 2014 among 3,060 formal and contractual employees of a mill steel company Isfahan, Iran, randomly selected from 16,000 people. Data gathering was done by some validated Iranian version of self-administered questionnaires including, International Physical Activity – Short Form, Effort–Reward Imbalance, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Logistic regression was used as the main statistical method. Findings The results showed individuals in the rotating shift compared with day shift had a higher risk of depression (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12–1.84). Whereas after adjustment for various confounders, this relationship was not significant (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.81–1.76). Anxiety was not associated with shift work, both in crude and adjusted models (OR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.81–1.44) and (OR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.67–1.19), respectively. Research limitations/implications Owing to the cross-sectional design of this study, cause–effect relationships could not be inferred from our findings. All the data used in the present analysis were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Practical implications Although our findings did not show significant association between shift work and mental health, further studies are suggested for obtaining informative data worldwide in this regard among workforce particularly among industrial employees. Originality/value Few studies have addressed the effects of shift work on mental health among industrial employees worldwide, and there is no study in developing countries.


Author(s):  
Pamagal Kavithai ◽  
Anandaraj R. ◽  
Buvaneswary S. ◽  
Prakash M.

Background: Depression among elderly has been a neglected health issue. Various factors hinder its early diagnosis. The objectives of this study are to screen for depression among elderly using geriatric depression scale-15 and to determine its influencing factors.Methods: A community based cross sectional study on geriatric depression was done in villages catered by a primary health centre in Puducherry. Permanent residents of the study setting, aged ≥60 years consenting for the study were included. Line listing of elderly individuals in the study setting was done and subjects were selected by simple random sampling. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinic-psychological variables. Hindi mental state examination scale was used to screen for cognitive impairment (score <23). Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to screen for depression (score >5) among geriatric individuals. Appropriate statistical tests of significance were done.Results: Among the 360 elderly individuals screened using GDS-15 tool, 41.4% of them were found to be at a higher risk of developing depression. Significant factors for risk of depression in univariate analysis include being female, illiterate, unemployed, widow/single, having sleep problems, dependency in activities of daily living and cognitive impairment. Predictors for risk of depression evident by multivariate analysis include presence of unemployment, sleep problems and cognitive impairment.Conclusions: A higher proportion of elderly was observed to be at risk of depression.  Primary care physicians may consider screening for depression in elderly with identified risk factors and act accordingly.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3454-3459
Author(s):  
Dr. Bineetha BS ◽  
Dr. Priya Vijayakumar ◽  
Dr. Sunil K. Senan ◽  
Dr. George Paul

Geriatric depression is a major health hazard which may affect upto 15-20% of the geriatric population in the world. This study is being undertaken to estimate the prevalence of depression in the elderly population and to identify the predisposing factors associated with depression. A cross sectional study on patients above 65 years of age attending an outpatient clinic was done. They were screened using the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-point questionnaire).  The association between depression and possible predisposing factors was tested using chi-square test. Out of 250 outpatients at the Geriatrics Outpatient Department, 133 patients were diagnosed to have depression, giving a prevalence of 53.2%. Out of these patients, 102 patients (76.69%) were diagnosed to have mild depression and 31 patients (23.31%) were diagnosed to have severe depression. The commonest symptoms associated with depression were anxiety (57.9% patients), sleep disturbances (55.6% patients), irritability (42.9% patients) and somatic symptoms (37.6% patients). The predisposing factors that were significantly associated with depression were female gender, poor level of education, unemployed or retired life, multiple comorbid illnesses, polypharmacy, adverse life events, fincancial crisis in the family and functional impairment.The prevalence of depression was 53.2% in Geriatric patients, and majority of cases were mild depression. Gender, socioeconomic variables, lifestyle and comorbid medical conditions are important predisposing factors to the development of depression in the geriatric population.


Author(s):  
Sweta Sinha ◽  
Manjula S. Patil ◽  
R. G. Viveki ◽  
Sunanda Halki

Background: World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes depressive disorders as priority mental health disorder of adolescence due to its high prevalence, recurrence, ability to cause significant complications and impairment. Emotional instability resulted in adolescent period make them vulnerable to depression. Depression is one of the under recognized health problem among adolescents. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of depression among school going adolescents.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the school going adolescents of urban area of Belgaum, Karnataka. The self-administered questionnaire of Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) II was used to assess the prevalence of depression. Data was analysed using MS-Excel 2007, SPSS software version 22.0, proportion and chi-square test were applied.Results: The overall prevalence of depression in this study was 62.60%. Association between sex, type of family and socio-economic status was not statistically significant. Mild depression was more prevalent among the adolescents in the present study.Conclusions: We recommend that teachers and parents be made aware of this problem with help of school counsellors so that the depressed adolescent can be identified and helped rather than suffer silently.


Author(s):  
Salmanul Faris A ◽  
Satish S ◽  
A R Shabaraya

WHO evaluated that in every nine people there is one elderly individual, i.e. of age >60 years. Compared to young adults, elderly persons have more illnesses, as ageing is often accompanied by chronic diseases, co-morbidity, disability and social isolation. MAI was developed to evaluate appropriateness of medications in all age group. Objective of the study was to assess polypharmacy and appropriateness in prescription. A cross sectional study was carried out for a period of 6 months to assess medication appropriateness. Patients of both sexes above 60 years of age, with at least one chronic illness were included. Out of 481 drugs 32 drugs were marginally inappropriate and 53 drugs were inappropriate according to MAI criteria and 12 participants were completely frail according to GFI (GFI Score ≥4). Polypharmacy and PIM are highly prevalent in geriatric population, which has a major health care outcome. Standard criteria should be considered before prescribing the medications in geriatric population. Keywords: Geriatrics, polypharmacy, MAI.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Sri Hartutik ◽  
Anjar Nurrohmah

Pandemi Covid -19 merupakan bentuk kasus baru di dunia kesehatan yang mempunyai beragam dampak, baik biologis, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Kondisi seperti ini harus benar-benar diwaspadai terutama pada usia rentan dan resiko yaitu salah satunya usia lansia. Depresi pada lansia merupakan gangguan psikiatri dan merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang sering terjadi dikalangan lanjut usia. Prevalensi depresi didunia sekitar 8-15%. Hasil survey dari berbagai negara di dunia diperoleh prevalensi rata- rata depresi pada lansia adalah 13,5 % dengan perbandingan wanita:pria 14,1: 8,6 dimana wanita dua kali lebih banyak daripada pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia di Masa Pandemic Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain deskriptif cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran tingkat depresi lansia menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S). Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan hasil Umur lansia yang mengalami depresi pada masa Pandemic Covid-19 sebagian besar adalah Usia lanjut (60–74 tahun), jenis kelamin perempuan, status perkawinan lansia sebagian besar  janda, riwayat penyakit lansia sebagian besar  hipertensi, tingkat pendidikan lansia sebagian besar SD. Kesimpulan penelitian gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia pada masa pandemic covid-19 sebagian besar mengalami depresi ringan. Depression in the elderly is a psychiatric disorder and is a mental health problem that often occurs among the elderly. The prevalence of depression in the world is around 8-15% and survey results from various countries in the world show that the average prevalence of depression in the elderly is 13.5% with the ratio of women: men is 14.1: 8.6 where women are twice as many as men. . This research aimed to determine the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This type of research used a cross sectional descriptive design with consecutive sampling technique which aims to describe the level of depression in the elderly using a research instrument in the form of a Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S) questionnaire. The result showed Depression during the Covid-19 Pandemic was mostly elderly (60 - 74 years), female sex, most of the elderly marital status was widowed, history of elderly disease was mostly hypertension, education level of the elderly was mostly elementary school. The description of the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic mostly experienced mild depression.  


2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dasgupta ◽  
D Ray ◽  
S Roy ◽  
T Sarkar ◽  
A Ghosal ◽  
...  

Background   Depression is commonest psychiatric disorder in elderly; it is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. People with depression suffer from impairment of all major areas of functioning ranging from personal care to social capability, which in turn decreases individuals’ quality of life and increases dependency on others Elderly patients with depression are more prone in developing chronic diseases like ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension. This problem may be more severe in rural population. Objective of this study is to find out the magnitude of depression and its correlates among a rural geriatric population. Materials and Methods Population based cross sectional study was done in Singur, West Bengal with a sample size of 85 with the help of a pretested semi structured schedule and a geriatric depression scale (short form).  Results Majority 61.2(%) of the study population were in the age group of 60 to 69 years and most belonged to joint Hindu family. Cardiovascular disease (67.05%) especially hypertension followed by musculoskeletal problems (42.35%) were the two major health related conditions suffered by this population and they usually made avail of government health facilities during illness. About 58.8% of the population suffered from depression and this was associated with nuclear family AOR(95%CI)=8.625(1.697-43.831), with poor income AOR(95%CI)=7.628(1.862-31.847), financial dependence AOR(95%CI)=4.948 (1.044-23.554)and living without spouse AOR(95%CI)=7.422 (1.513-36.418) and also presence of disease OR =5.423 (1.348-21.81). Conclusion Alarmingly, the prevalence of depression was observed to be quite high in this rural population and so was prevalence of different morbidities. All these will hasten the isolation of this vulnerable population from general community and increase burden on younger generation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i4.9515 Keywords:


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