scholarly journals Clinical and economic benefits of continuous blood glucose monitoring devices

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmathulla Safiyul Rahman ◽  
Hashim Essam Salamah ◽  
Fahad Mohammed Alshair ◽  
Abdullah Abdulhakim Alsawadi ◽  
Oday Mohammed Alghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Type 1 Dm ◽  
Monitoring Devices

The main intervention to reduce the macro-and microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) remains to achieve better long-term glycemic control. We have discussed the clinical and economic advantages of using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices for type 1 DM and type 2 DM (T1DM and T2DM) based on data from relevant studies in the literature. Our findings show that using these modalities is associated with remarkable outcomes, including reduced HbA1c levels and enhanced glycemic control among patients with T1DM and T2DM. This can enhance the quality of care and life for diabetic patients and intervene against the development of serious complications and hypoglycemia-related adverse events. The cost of routinely using these devices might seem relatively high. However, the estimated cost benefits are usually higher as they can significantly reduce hospitalization rates due to hypoglycemia and the frequency of diabetic therapy malpractices, which are frequently encountered. However, not many studies have reported these outcomes, indicating the need to conduct future relevant studies.

Self-monitoring Blood Glucose (SMBG): Now and the Future

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber L. Briggs ◽  
Susan Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Control ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
State Management ◽  
Monitoring Devices

In 2002, the cost of diabetes in the United States reached $132 billion. There is a well-established relationship between blood glucose control and the risk of diabetes-related complications. Tight blood glucose control, through intensive diabetes therapy, reduces the risk and delays the onset of diabetesrelated microvascular complications. Regular and consistent self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is and should be a part of all diabetes disease state management programs. Pharmacists can truly increase the numbers of patients who use SMBG by being aware and familiar with the monitoring devices available to patients and identifying the physical and psychological issues surrounding SMBG. Results from SMBG and hemoglobin A1C are the basis formost of the medical decisions made for patients with diabetes. This review discusses the best time for patients to test their blood glucose, information regarding blood glucose monitoring devices, alternative site testing, and the newest technology available in glucose monitoring.

scholarly journals Brief communication (Original). Correlation of glycated albumin with self blood glucose monitoring in diabetic patients on hemodialysis taking erythropoietin

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-392
Author(s):  
Khalidah M. Bador ◽  
Sharifah K.A. Kamaruddin ◽  
Norita T. Yazid
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Albumin Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackground: Serum glycated albumin (GA) is a marker of glycemic control in diabetic renal patients, but studies were limited by the use of few random glucose values to define glycemic control.Objectives: To determine whether GA correlated with self blood glucose monitoring is better than HbA1c in hemodialyzed diabetic patients taking erythropoietin.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of diabetic patients on hemodialysis with and without erythropoietin. GA was measured by ELISA and HbA1c by ion-exchange HPLC. GA was reported as the GA/albumin ratio where albumin was measured using bromocresol green. The average capillary blood glucose level over the preceding three months (CBG) was calculated from self-reported daily prebreakfast, prelunch, and prebed glucose meter readings.Results: Thirty-four patients were recruited; 18 were taking erythropoietin (6000 units per week) and 16 had never received erythropoietin. HbA1c correlated poorly with CBG in patients taking erythropoietin (r = -0.014, P = 0.96) compared with patients without erythropoietin (r = 0.579, P = 0.02). The correlation of GA/albumin ratio with CBG in the erythropoietin group (r = 0.612, P = 0.007) was similar to the nonerythropoietin group (r = 0.854, P < 0.001). The slope for HbA1c versus CBG was 2.8-fold greater in patients without erythropoietin compared with those taking erythropoietin. There was no significant difference in the slopes for GA/albumin ratio versus CBG between the two patient groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion: In diabetic patients on hemodialysis and taking low doses of erythropoietin, GA/albumin is a better marker of glycemic control than HbA1c.

scholarly journals Non-invasive glucose monitoring devices: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2609-2618
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farhan Affendi Mohamad Yunos ◽  
Anis Nurashikin Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Diabetes is a growing chronic disease that affect millions of people in the world. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels in patients is necessary to keep the disease under control. Current methods of blood glucose monitoring devices are typically invasive, causing discomfort to the patients. Non-invasive glucose monitoring devices are a possible game changer for diabetic patients as it reduces discomfort and provides continuous monitoring. This manuscript presents a review of non-invasive glucose biosensors with particular focus on leading technologies available in the market, such as microwave sensing, near-infrared spectroscopy, iontophoresis, and optical methods. This paper intends to describe non-invasive blood glucose monitoring methods using various biological fluids (sweat, saliva, interstitial fluid, urine), highlighting the advantages and drawbacks in latest device development. This review also discusses future trends of glucose detection devices and how it will improve patients’ quality of life.

scholarly journals MO651DIABETES CARE IN HAEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT : ADVANCES IN 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clementine Dillmann ◽  
Clemence Tollard ◽  
Yoann-Francois Chantrel ◽  
Hanane Mountassir ◽  
Sophie Brokhes-Lecalvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Foot Injury

Abstract Background and Aims Management of diabetes and follow-up of haemodialysis patients are still poorly standardized. The objective of this study is to establish a descriptive inventory of all routine parameters for monitoring diabetes and glycemic control by Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM). Method The study recruited 32 diabetic patients in a medical dialysis unit. Glycemic control was assessed using CGM (FreeStyle Free Pro®) over at least 11 days with measurement of: mean blood glucose level, percentage of blood glucose level: &lt; 70 mg/dl (TBR), between 70 and 180 mg/dl (TIR), and &gt; 180 mg/dl (TAR). The results are expressed in average or median [25-75 percentiles]. SPSS® statistical analyses compared extra and per dialytic periods. Results Patients’ mean age was 71±8 years, diabetes duration was 21±6.5 years (87.5% T2DM), mean weight was 77±13kg, HbA1c was 7±0.98%, 98% had a high risk of foot injury (Grade 2 and 3) . Only 46.8% of the patients were followed by a diabetes specialist and 84.3% were treated with insulin and 18.75% received oral medication while only 50% performed self blood glucose-monitoring. The average blood glucose level was 133±13 mg/dl (∼1000 measurements). CGM results for 32 patients over the total period were: TIR at 70% [58-76], TAR at 15% [4.6-29], and TBR at 9.6% [3.7-20].Per-dialytic TIR (84%; [76-93]) was significantly higher (p=0.02) than extra-dialytic TIR (68%; [56-75]). Per-dialytic TAR (5.5%; [0.0-10.7]) was significantly lower (p&lt;0.01) than extra-dialytic TAR (14%; [3.6-29]). TBR did not vary significantly. Conclusion The majority of patients were treated with insulin but only 50% performed self- of blood glucose. Hypoglycaemia was lower during dialysis period. 98% of patients had a high risk of foot injury. CGM could be a usefull tool for the evaluation of glycemic profile of haemodialysis patients, and allows a better adjustment of their treatment.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON GLUCOSE URINE ASSAY BY COPPER SULPHATE REDUCING SYSTEM AND HEXOKINASE METHOD.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
A.H. Shah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Glucose Testing ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urine Assay ◽  
Monitoring Devices

The objective of the present study was to compare the results obtained by different methods used in glucose monitoring. Diabetic patients are known to use urine glucose strips or dipsticks tests or glucose pads for urine analysis. Blood glucose monitoring instruments such as different types of blood gluco-meters and digital blood glucose monitoring devices are also available in the local market for home glucose testing.

scholarly journals Role of free style Libre-Flash Glucose Monitoring: Glycemic control of Type-1 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Mohamed ◽  
Iman M. Talaat ◽  
Hamed A. Alghamdi ◽  
Gamal Allam
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Significant Difference

Background & Objective: Type-1 diabetics (T1D) usually do not meet guidelines for glycaemic control. This study aimed to determine the benefit of free style libre-flash glucose monitoring system (FSL-FGM) in lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in poorly controlled T1D patients. Methods: This prospective two single arm clinical study included 273 T1D patients, and data collected at one, six and 18 months with concomitant extraction of samples for HbA1c basal and at six and 18 months. The study was conducted in Prince Mansour Military Hospital at Taif, Saudi Arabia from June 2017 to November 2018. Results: HbA1c % was significantly diminished in patients used FSL-FGM at 6 and 18 months. The median percentage difference in HbA1c at 6 and 18 months versus basal was significantly decreased in those using FSL-FGM. Within diabetics using FSL-FGM, the median difference in HbA1c after 18 months was significantly decreased in patients with HbA1c >10% compared to those with HbA1c <10%. Estimated HbA1c by FSL showed a significant correlation with HbA1C assayed in the blood. The snapshot information showed a highly significant difference in average glucose with low significant difference in hypoglycemia parameters. The FSL-FGM provides significant changes in HbA1c in diabetic patients without observed risk for hypoglycemia. Conclusions: The dynamic way of blood glucose monitoring using FSL-FGM provides improvement in HbA1c in diabetic patients without observed risk for hypoglycemia. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4114 How to cite this:Mohamed IAA, Talaat IM, Alghamdi HA, Allam G. Role of free style Libre–Flash Glucose Monitoring: Glycemic control of Type-1 Diabetes. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4114 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

941-P: Frequency of Blood Glucose Monitoring in Relation to Medical Cost and Glycemic Control in Hospitalized Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 941-P
Author(s):  
LEI ZHANG ◽  
YAN GU ◽  
YUXIU YANG ◽  
NA WANG ◽  
WEIGUO GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring

Indole as a new tentative marker in exhaled breath for non-invasive blood glucose monitoring of diabetic subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Fink ◽  
Tim Maihöfer ◽  
Jeffrey Bender ◽  
Jochen Schulat
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Exhaled Breath ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Test Strips ◽  
Non Invasive

Abstract Blood glucose monitoring (BGM) is the most important part of diabetes management. In classical BGM, glucose measurement by test strips involves invasive finger pricking. We present results of a clinical study that focused on a non-invasive approach based on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath. Main objective was the discovery of markers for prediction of blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Exhaled breath was measured repeatedly in 60 diabetic patients (30 type 1, 30 type 2) in fasting state and after a standardized meal. Proton Transfer Reaction Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) was used to sample breath every 15 minutes for a total of six hours. BGLs were tested in parallel via BGM test strips. VOC signals were plotted against glucose trends for each subject to identify correlations. Exhaled indole (a bacterial metabolite of tryptophan) showed significant mean correlation to BGL (with negative trend) and significant individual correlation in 36 patients. The type of diabetes did not affect this result. Additional experiments of one healthy male subject by ingestion of lactulose and 13C-labeled glucose (n=3) revealed that exhaled indole does not directly originate from food digestion by intestinal microbiota. As indole has been linked to human glucose metabolism, it might be a tentative marker in breath for non-invasive BGM. Clinical studies with greater diversity are required for confirmation of such results and further investigation of metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Poor Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors among Ethiopian Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta- Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teshome Tesfaye Habebo ◽  
Ebrahim Jaafari Pooyan ◽  
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad ◽  
Getachew Ossabo Babore ◽  
Blen Kassahun Dessu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Management Behaviors

BACKGROUND: Diabetes has no cure so far, but appropriate self-management contributes to delay or control its progression. However, poor self-management by diabetic patients adds to disease burden. The pooled prevalence of overall, and its main components of poor self-management among Ethiopian diabetic patients remain elusive. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of poor diabetes self-management behaviors among diabetic patients in Ethiopia.METHOD: by using different combinations of search terms, we accessed articles done until February 15, 2020 through Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase databases. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale was used for quality assessment, and STATA version 14 software along with the random-effects model was employed for statistical analyses. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA.) guideline was followed to report the results.RESULT: Twenty-one studies with 7,168 participants were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of poor self-management behavior among diabetic patients in Ethiopia was 49.79% (95% CI: 43.58%, 56.01%). Based on subgroup analysis, the estimated magnitudes of poor selfmanagement by regions were 68.58% in Tigray, 55.46% in Harari, 54.74%, in Amhara, 40.90%, in SNNPRS and 37.06% in Addis Ababa. The worst (80.91%) and relatively better (24.65%) self-management components were observed on self-blood glucose monitoring and medication adherence, respectively.CONCLUSION: One in two diabetic patients in Ethiopia had poor self-management. Thus, we strongly recommend to the ministry of health and universities to train diabetes health educators, and the health facilities to deliver tailored diabetes health education.

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