scholarly journals Epidemiology of surgically managed traumatic brain injury patients

Author(s):  
Parul Vaid ◽  
Bhavuk Kapoor ◽  
Mayank Kapoor

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world TBI is called the ‘silent epidemic’ because problems resulting from TBI are often not immediately visible and TBI patients are not very vociferous. Epidemiological studies of TBI are essential to the targeted prevention and effective treatment of brain-injured patients. Epidemiology analysis of surgically managed traumatic brain injury patients was done. Mean age was 35.9 years. Males were more commonly (80%) involved than females (20%). In 57.5% of cases, falls were responsible for TBI and in 42.5% of cases, Road traffic accidents were responsible. Edh was the most common type of TBI in (50%). Chronic SDH occurred in 25% of cases. Acute SDH and Contusions were both seen in 13.75% of cases. Depressed fractures occurred in 6.25% of cases and ICH occurred in 1.25% of cases. Craniotomy was the most common (42%) surgical procedure performed, followed by burrhole drainage (22.5%). Decompressive craniectomy was done in 18.75% of cases and elevation of depressed fracture was performed in 6.25% of cases. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. People of all ages are affected by it. Males are more commonly involved as compared to females. Timely hospitalisation and surgical management whenever indicated improves the survival.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed Khan ◽  
Habib sultan ◽  
Amir Aziz ◽  
Shahrukh Rizvi ◽  
Tauqeer Ahmed ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT:BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of surgically operated vs conservatively treated patients of cerebral contusions due to traumatic brain injury. METHODOLOGY: This comparative study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2014 at the department of Neurosurgery, PGMI Lahore General Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 patients were included in this study of both gender (male and female) and in the age range of 15-65 years. In our study 20 patients were managed conservatively while other 30 patients were operated for cerebral contusions. The mode of injury in our study was road traffic accidents and history of falls. RESULTS: Out of 50 patients, there were 41 (82%) males and 09 (18%) female patients. Their age ranged from 15 - 65 years. In this study the overall mean age is 38.36 years. The maximum numbers of patients were in their third and fourth decades of life. In our study the duration of hospital stay in conservatively managed patients was longer as compared to surgically treated patients who were discharged earlier. Mortality rate in surgically managed patients having a GCS ranged between 09 to 12 was very low contrary to the conservatively managed group, similarly the rate of delayed contusion formation and edema was also low in surgically managed patients as compared to those who were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Surgically managed patients of cerebral contusions in traumatic brain injury has better outcome and decreased hospital stay as compared to conservatively managed patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason H. Boulter ◽  
Margaret M. Shields ◽  
Melissa R. Meister ◽  
Gregory Murtha ◽  
Brian P. Curry ◽  
...  

Traumatic brain injury is a rapidly increasing source of morbidity and mortality across the world. As such, the evaluation and management of traumatic brain injuries ranging from mild to severe are under active investigation. Over the last two decades, quantitative pupillometry has been increasingly found to be useful in both the immediate evaluation and ongoing management of traumatic brain injured patients. Given these findings and the portability and ease of use of modern pupillometers, further adoption and deployment of quantitative pupillometers into the preclinical and hospital settings of both resource rich and medically austere environments.


2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhiana Hassan ◽  
Muniruddin Mohamad ◽  
Muhamad Zaim Azami ◽  
Husin Ali ◽  
Hafizah Pasi

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury following road traffic accidents is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in Malaysia. We aim to determine the differences of traumatic brain injury patterns based on CT findings among motorcyclist versus passenger vehicle patients involved in road traffic accidents. Materials and method: This retrospective study was conducted in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang. A total of 100 CT scan brains of patients who were involved in road traffic accidents were retrieved and reviewed, 50 of them were motorcyclists and the other 50 were passenger vehicles. Results: Fifty percent of the motorcyclists had an abnormal CT brain finding while only 24% of the passenger vehicle showed abnormal finding. Among motorcyclist, skull fracture was the most common finding (30%) followed by subdural hemorrhage (28%). Among passenger vehicle, the most common finding was subdural hemorrhage (10%) followed by subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraparenchymal haemorrhage and skull fracture (8% each). The motorcyclist had significantly higher rate of subdural haemorrhage, extradural haemorrhage, intraparenchymal contusion and skull fracture compared to passenger vehicle patients with p value of 0.02, 0.03, 0.007 and 0.005 respectively. Conclusion: The occurrence of traumatic brain injury was significantly higher among the motorcyclist compared to passenger vehicle patients involved in road traffic accidents. The findings of this study highlighted the need for taking further measures to increase safety among the motorcyclists.


Author(s):  
Nguyen Duc Chinh ◽  

Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is still considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of victims by traffic accident. Despite a fact that many measurements and preventions have been applied, the rate of TBI is remained high. Aim of this study was to investigate treatment process of TBI caused by road traffic accident at Viet Duc Hospital after the Decree 100 which has been issued in Vietnam in early 2020. Materials and method: A retrospective and prospective study has been conducted in Viet Duc Hospital from Dec, 2020 to March, 2021. All the patients with TBI by road traffic accident were enrolled. Severity of TBI was identified by Glasgow Scale (GCS) and BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration) test taken on arrival. The data was collected from medical record as well as autopsy report and analysed by SPSS.20.0 Results: A total of 150 patients with TBI by road traffic accidents were enrolled, age group from 21 to 60 years old accounted for 64%, male accounted for 86.7%. Associated injuries were maxillofacial lesions 48%, extremities 24.7%, chest accounted for 20%. Severity of TBI with GCS 6 - 8 was the highest rate 52%, from 3 - 5 GCS accounted for 30%. 40% were operated on emergency; BAC was positive 46.7%, of which over from 50 mg/L accounted for 32.6%. The patients with GCS from 6 to 8 were BAC positive accounted for a higher rate than groups with GCS above 9 or below 5. The most common TBI lesions were subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma and cerebral edema accounted for 67.3%, 60% and 58% respectively. Overall mortality was 26% including in-hospital death and discharged to die. Conclusions and recommendations: Data from the study has shown that many young men with severe TBI by road traffic accident were BAC positive which can results in the high risk of death and disability. Thus, we highly recommend counterparts should constantly strengthen the propaganda and enforcement measures in order to reduce traffic accidents and TBI patients. Keywords: traffic accidents; injury; brain trauma severity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 480-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Elias ◽  
Ana-Maria Rotariu ◽  
Tobias Grave

Traumatic brain injury is common in companion animals and can occur from many different types of trauma such as road traffic accidents or bites. Following the primary injury, which is beyond control of the clinician, secondary injury occurs minutes to days following the trauma. The secondary injury will lead to neuronal death, and is the focus of treatment strategies for the emergency veterinary surgeon. Treatment of traumatic brain injury includes nursing strategies, intravenous fluid therapy, hyperosmolar therapy and diuretics, pain management, maintenance of oxygenation and ventilation, temperature regulation, anticonvulsant therapy and glycaemic control. All of these are discussed in this clinical review.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Jochems ◽  
Eveline van Rein ◽  
Menco Niemeijer ◽  
Mark van Heijl ◽  
Michael A. van Es ◽  
...  

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability. Epidemiology seems to be changing. TBIs are increasingly caused by falls amongst elderly, whilst we see less polytrauma due to road traffic accidents (RTA). Data on epidemiology is essential to target prevention strategies. A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted. The Dutch National Trauma Database was used to identify all patients over 17 years old who were admitted to a hospital with moderate and severe TBI (AIS ≥ 3) in the Netherlands from January 2015 until December 2017. Subgroup analyses were done for the elderly and polytrauma patients. 12,295 patients were included in this study. The incidence of moderate and severe TBI was 30/100.000 person-years, 13% of whom died. Median age was 65 years and falls were the most common trauma mechanism, followed by RTAs. Amongst elderly, RTAs consisted mostly of bicycle accidents. Mortality rates were higher for elderly (18%) and polytrauma patients (24%). In this national database more elderly patients who most often sustained the injury due to a fall or an RTA were seen. Bicycle accidents were very frequent, suggesting prevention could be an important aspect in order to decrease morbidity and mortality.


2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saksham Gupta ◽  
Katherine Klaric ◽  
Nang Sam ◽  
Vuthy Din ◽  
Tina Juschkewitz ◽  
...  

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Christiaan Welling ◽  
Vinicius Monteiro Paula Guirado ◽  
Glauce Damásio Costa ◽  
Eberval Gadelha Figueiredo ◽  
Almir Ferreira de Andrade ◽  
...  

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) constitutes a major health and socioeconomic problem throughout the world. Despite the significant advances in neuroradiology and cerebral monitoring it is still difficult to measure the degree of primary brain injury and continuing secondary damage with Glasgow Coma Scale score or the initial computed tomography. Predicting prognosis of TBI patients in early stages has a vital importance and is difficult in some instances. The present review shows that there has been an increasing interest in biochemical markers for traumatic brain injury during the last years. The potential correlation of markers with injury and outcome measures in severe head injury is promising.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Saufi Awang ◽  
Buveinthiran Balakrishnan ◽  
Chan Kin Hup ◽  
Razman Mohd Rus

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury is the most common form of traumatic brain injury. Individuals sustaining mild head injuries often complain of a cluster of symptoms termed post concussion syndrome. Post concussion syndrome can be profoundly disabling. Thus the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of post concussion syndrome in an adult population with mild traumatic brain injury in a single neurosurgical center in East Coast, Malaysia. Methods: Cross Sectional study, in a single neurosurgical center in Kuantan, Pahang. The study period is from January 2016 – December 2016. Universal sampling method was used, all patients with mild traumatic brain injury presenting to HTAA, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria is included in this study. Patients are then subjected to the checklist for diagnosis of post concussion syndrome as per ICD 10 classification at 2 weeks interval. Results: Between February 2016 – June 2016, a total of 136 patients with mild traumatic injury have been recruited to this study. The leading cause of mild traumatic brain injury is road traffic accidents, 86 patients (63.2%), and the mean age of this patient with mild traumatic brain injury is 28.8. Out of this number, 11 patients (8.1%) have been diagnosed with post concussion syndrome. Conclusions: The majority of individuals who sustain mild traumatic brain injuries are young adults, and the most common cause is road traffic accidents. Less than 10% of recruited patients suffered from post concussion syndrome.


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