scholarly journals Morphometric study on papillary muscles of human tricuspid valve-dissection method

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-193
Author(s):  
Chandragirish S ◽  
Harsha B R ◽  
Girish V Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Aim of the present study was to observe the measurements of anterior papillary muscles present in tricuspid valve of human heart. Measurements of anterior papillary muscles in tricuspid valve gains utmost importance in cardiac surgeries because they are the causes of myocardial infarction in recent times because of its variations and detection of these causes by advent in modern technologies which will help in treatment of tricuspid valve diseases. This study was carried out on 96 normal formalin fixed human heart specimens. Dissection was performed according to standard techniques. Anterior papillary muscles were observed and length, width and thickness of each muscle were measured and documented. In the present study, numbers of anterior papillary muscles were present with a frequency of 1-3, with most common appearance of 1 muscle in 66 hearts (68.8%) and least common incidence of 3 muscles in 6 hearts (6.3%). Anterior papillary muscles were present in all 96 hearts. In measurements, anterior papillary muscles mean height was 1.49±0.44 cm; mean width was 0.82±0.21 cm and mean thickness was 0.64±0.15 cm respectively. We hope this study will serve to understand the morphometry of anterior papillary muscles better and will help in various surgical procedures and cardiac treatment done on tricuspid valve.

A cadaveric study on chordae tendinae of human tricuspid valve

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-229
Author(s):  
Chandragirish S ◽  
Harsha B R ◽  
Girish V Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Papillary Muscle ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
Anterior Papillary Muscle ◽  
Modern Technologies ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Aim of the present study was to observe the types of chordae tendinae present in tricuspid valve of human heart. Morphology of chordae tendinae in tricuspid valve gains utmost importance in cardiac surgeries in recent times because advent in modern technologies in treatment of tricuspid valve diseases.This study was carried out on 96 normal formalin fixed human post-mortem heart specimens. Types of chordae tendinae observed on the basis of their attachments.Chordae tendinae were observed in all specimens. Five types of chordae tendinae were identified namely rough zone, free edge, fan shaped, deep and basal chordae. Anterior papillary muscle was seen providing attachment to 2 to 9; Posterior papillary muscles were seen with 1 to 6 and Septal papillary muscles provided attachment to 1 to 4 chordae tendinae.We hope this study will serve to understand the tricuspid valve complex and types of different chordae tendinae better and it will help in various surgical procedures done on tricuspid valve.

scholarly journals Measurement of the Tricuspid and the Mitral Valve in Adult Human Heart: A Cadaveric Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-127
Author(s):  
Chhiring Palmu Lama ◽  
A. Pradhan ◽  
U. Chalise ◽  
S. Dhungel ◽  
S.K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Prosthetic Valve ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Mitral Valves ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The human heart valve is an integral structure and the valvular heart disease is one of the most common disease of the heart. Such cardiac disease require repair of the valve and valve replacement surgery where the patient’s diseased valve is replaced by a prosthetic valve. The aim of this study was to measure the annular circumferences and diameters of tricuspid and mitral valves in cadavers. A morphometric study was conducted in Department of Anatomy at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital where total 50 cadaveric hearts were taken up for the study. The tricuspid and the mitral valves were exposed by dissection method. Measurements were taken by using a thread and a digital vernier caliper and obtained data were analysed by using SPSS-16. The mean, frequency and standard deviation of circumferences and diameters of both tricuspid and the mitral valves were analysed and were found as (a) The mean annular circumference of tricuspid valve was 11.22 ± 0.20 cm (b) The mean diameter of tricuspid valve was 2.33 ± 0.04 cm. (c) The mean annular circumference of mitral valve was 9.22 ± 1.49 cm (d) the mean diameter of mitral valve was 2.01 ± 0.27 cm. There were few literatures available on the study of cadaveric heart valves in Nepal thus this study will provide a guideline to the clinicians, radiologists and also to cardiothoracic surgeons performing various valve surgeries to assess the prosthetic valve of appropriate size and to the anthropologists also to maintain a standardized data on cardiac valves as well.

Formation of the Tricuspid Valve in the Human Heart

Circulation ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter H. Lamers ◽  
Szabolcs Virágh ◽  
Andy Wessels ◽  
Antoon F.M. Moorman ◽  
Robert H. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Human Heart

Straddling tricuspid valve as a sign of ventriculoatrial malalignment: A morphometric study of 19 postmortem cases

1999 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 1184-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renzo Pessotto ◽  
Massimo Padalino ◽  
Maurizio Rubino ◽  
Keishi Kadoba ◽  
Jorge R. Büchler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Morphometric Study

scholarly journals Morphometry of human tricuspid valve: A cadaveric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 4487-4491
Author(s):  
Kirti Chaudhary ◽  
Amey Dhatrak ◽  
Brij Raj Singh ◽  
Ujwal Gajbe
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tissue Flaps ◽  
The Right ◽  
Cardiac Surgeons ◽  
Formalin Fixed

The cardiovascular system consists of a pump represented by the heart and blood vessels, which provide the route by which blood circulates to all parts of the body. William Harvey, in the 17th century, discovered that blood is pumped away from the heart, but it all returns to the heart after circulating in the body. A right ventricular function can be compromised by pressure or stress, often secondary to the right heart valve or muscle pathology. The valves maintain unidirectional flow and permit increased pressure to develop in the chambers. The tricuspid valve consists of three tissue flaps. It separates the right atria and the right ventricle. To measure morphometric measurements of an individual leaflet of the tricuspid valve of cadaveric human hearts. The material for the present study comprised of 50 formalin-fixed adult human hearts (35 males and 15 females) which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy from various medical colleges in Maharashtra. Statistical significant difference was found for the height of anterior and posterior leaflets between male and female hearts. The length of the septal leaflet was also found to be statistically significant between male and female hearts. The study will be helpful for cardiac surgeons in providing data for tricuspid valve complex, leaflets, cords and papillary muscles.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination and morphological studies of seeds of Atlantic Rainforest micro-orchids (Pleurothallidinae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243297
Author(s):  
Franciele Marx Koene ◽  
Érika Amano ◽  
Eric de Camargo Smidt ◽  
Luciana Lopes Fortes Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Asymbiotic Germination ◽  
Protocorm Formation

The morphological and morphometric characters of seeds belonging to 11 species of the subtribe Pleurothallidinae using light and scanning electron microscopy were studied to understand the in vitro germination process. Qualitative data (color, shape, ornamentation) and quantitative ones were also evaluated in seeds and embryos (length, width, volume and air space percentage between the integument and the embryo). The viability of the seeds was evaluated by in vitro germination in woody plant medium (WPM), and by analysis of the developmental stages of protocorms until seedling formation (two to 24 weeks). Morphometric data showed variations within the genus Acianthera and between species of different genera. The best germination and protocorm formation responses occurred with Acianthera prolifera (92%) and Acianthera ochreata (86%), with the formation of seedlings after 12 and 16 weeks of sowing, respectively. The seeds and embryos of A. prolifera and A. ochreata were larger (length, width, and volume) with a structural polarity that may have facilitated their germination comparing to others studied species. Other characteristics of A. prolifera seeds that may have contributed to these results include the presence of a thin testa without ornamentation and a suspensor. The protocorms of Anathalis obovata, Dryadella liliputiana, and Octomeria gracillis developed slowly in the WPM, not reaching the seedling stage in 24 weeks of cultivation. This morphological and morphometric study contributes to the understanding of asymbiotic germination of some micro-orchid species.

scholarly journals Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela De Carvalho Cid ◽  
Luciano Da Silva Alonso ◽  
Ana Paula De Castro Pires ◽  
Mariana Siqueira d'Avila Taïna Gonçalves ◽  
Taïna Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Insufficiency ◽  
Papillary Muscles ◽  
Ventricular Enlargement ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Chordae Tendineae ◽  
Clinicopathological Findings ◽  
The Right

Background: Congenital cardiac diseases are a common cause of death in puppies. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by thickening and displacement of the leaflets of the tricuspid valve, agenesis of the valves, and incomplete separation of valve components. Papillary muscles may fuse and display shortened or absent chordae tendineae that contribute to tricuspid regurgitation. Diagnostic features of tricuspid valve dysplasia include cardiomegaly with massive right atrium enlargement on thoracic radiography and tricuspid insufficiency on an ultrasound. We aimed to describe clinicopathological findings in a dog (Canis familiaris) with tricuspid dysplasia.Case: We aimed to describe tricuspid valve dysplasia in a dog referred for necropsy at the Anatomical Pathology Sector of The Rural Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with a clinical history of abdominal swelling, dyspnea, cyanosis, ascites, and prostration. Echocardiography and abdominal ultrasound revealed right ventricular enlargement, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. Examination of the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers, thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver was enlarged, with a nutmeg pattern, and foci of clotting and fibrin adhesions in the lateral right lobule.Discussion: Epidemiological, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with tricuspid valve dysplasia. Although structural abnormalities of the tricuspid and mitral valves are well known in fetuses and neonates, congenital and secondary tricuspid malformations are rare in dogs. The survival rate is associated with the severity of heart lesions. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is mostly observed in large-breed dogs (>20 kg), particularly in Labrador Retrievers, Boxers, and German Shepherds. Regardless, most dogs with tricuspid valve dysplasia are of a pure-breed, which differs from our findings because our dog was a mongrel. Our dog displayed signs of dyspnea, cyanosis, abdominal swelling, prostration, and enlarged liver and spleen on ultrasound examination. Tricuspid valve dysplasia led to heart enlargement and right congestive heart failure, with consequent ascites, abdominal swelling, weakness, lethargy, jugular venous distension, and hepatomegaly. Overall, the heart showed prominent enlargement, thickening and dilation of the right chambers, thickening of the tricuspid leaflets, and moderately shortened chordae tendineae. The liver had a nutmeg pattern. Tricuspid valve dysplasia is characterized by malformation of the tricuspid valve leaflets, chord tendineae, or papillary muscles. Malformed tricuspid valves are known to result in variable degrees of regurgitation, leading to right atrial overflow and ventricular eccentric hypertrophy. Differential diagnosis includes myocarditis, tricuspid valve endocarditis, tricuspid endocardiosis, tricuspid valve prolapse and right ventricular dysplasia, right ventricular enlargement with tricuspidal regurgitation due to pulmonary insufficiency, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Signs of heart murmurs (irregular sounds of the heart) on clinical examination may indicate an irregular blood flow pattern, and imaging tests may be necessary for assessing the presence and severity of any lesions. The epidemiologic, clinical, and pathological findings were consistent with those of tricuspid valve dysplasia. 

scholarly journals Comparison of Heart Valve Circumference Examined Before and After 10% Formalin Fixation

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 478-484
Author(s):  
Watcharit Anantakal ◽  
◽  
Somboon Thamtakerngkit ◽  
Vijarn Vachirawongsakorn ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Formalin Fixation ◽  
Pulmonic Valve ◽  
Fresh State ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Objective: To compare the heart valve circumference before and after 10% formalin fixation. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed 63 Thai human cadaveric hearts. Each heart valve circumference was separately measured in the fresh state by specifically designed equipment. After that, the hearts were fixed in 10% formalin for 3 days. Then each heart valve circumference was measured by the same equipment and by the thread and ruler technique. The results were analyzed using SPSS package to find the association between the heart valve circumference before and after formalin fixation. Results: This study showed that the average circumferences of the heart valve measured in the fresh state were 13.329 cm in the tricuspid valve, 10.617 cm in the mitral valve, 8.416 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 7.122 cm in the aortic valve. The average circumferences of the heart valve measured after 10% formalin fixation were 11.019 cm in the tricuspid valve, 8.714 cm in the mitral valve, 6.751 cm in the pulmonic valve, and 6.089 cm in the aortic valve. The average ratios of the heart valve circumference measured fresh and after 10% formalin fixation were 0.8267 in the tricuspid valve, 0.8235 in the mitral valve, 0.8050 in the pulmonic valve, and 0.8573 in the aortic valve. There were significant differences in the heart valve circumference between the fresh state and after formalin fixation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed important information on the dimensional changes of all the formalin-fixed heart valves. We found that the heart valve shrank after formalin fixation, with the formalin-fixed hearts an estimated 0.8 times smaller than the fresh cadaveric hearts.

MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF OLECRANON PROCESS AND TROCHLEA OF HUMERUS IN ADULT POPULATION OF TELANGANA REGION.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-14
Author(s):  
G. Madhavi ◽  
T. Prasuna ◽  
V. Janaki
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Olecranon Process ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Morphometric study of Olecranon process and Trochlea of humerus in Adult population of Telangana region. Materials And Methods: The study was done on 120 dry Adult Humerus of unknown age and sex collected from the Department of Anatomy, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana state. Results: Maximum width of Right and Left Olecranon process of humerus were 30mm and 34 mm respectively while the minimum width of olecranon process of humerus were 22mm on right and 24mm on left side. Mean width of olecranon process of humerus were 26 mm on right side, 29 mm on left side . Maximum length of Right and Left Olecranon process of humerus were 20mm and 20 mm respectively while the minimum length of olecranon process of humerus were 15mm onright and 16 on left side. Mean length of Olecranon process of humerus were 17.5 mm on right side, 18 mm on left side . Maximum width of right and left Trochlear process of humerus were 30mm and 30 mm respectively while the minimum width of width of right and left trochlear process of humerus were 18mm onright and 22 on left side. Mean width distance of trochlea of humerus were 24 mm on right side, 26 mm on left side. Conclusion: The knowledge of Morphometric study of Olecranon process and Trochlea of humerus is important for anatomists, It is also helpful for orthopaedic surgeons in distal end fracture of humerus and its reconstructive surgery for various implants.

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