A study on evaluating blood urea and serum creatinine in diabetes mellitus patients

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
S L V Sankeerthi C H ◽  
Sai Ravi Kiran Biri ◽  
Sandhya Rani T ◽  
Rajkumar Gundu ◽  
Aravind Vadlakonda
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
The Ideal

Diabetes is one of the leading causes for end stage renal disease and nephropathy. Increases of blood urea and serum creatinine are due to abnormal renal function and also reduction in glomerular filtration rate. So, Urea and Creatinine are the ideal biomarkers to correlate the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the study is to evaluate the blood urea & serum creatinine with HbA1C in Diabetes mellitus patients.: A total of 50 cases and 30 controls were selected in our study. Blood samples were collected for blood urea, serum creatinine, HbA1C, Fasting plasma glucose and Post prandial blood sugar with age limit of 35-65 years. Mean ±SD was calculated for all these parameters. Blood urea and Serum creatinine are statistically significant in Diabetic patients when compared to the controls.Our study shows that blood urea and serum creatinine can be used as biomarkers in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy. These parameters help in reducing the severity of renal failure.

scholarly journals MICROVASCULAR AND MACROVASCULAR DISEASES IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Nitin Chauhan ◽  
Dr. Fateh Singh Sinsinwar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Introduction:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be described as a metabolic disorder which is characterized by hyperglycemia which develops as a consequence of defects in insulin secretion or its action, or both. Diabetes is strongly associated with microvascular and macrovascular diseases and its complications, which includes nephropathy, retinopathy, microvascular neuropathy and ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, and macrovascular cerebrovascular disease which results in organ and tissue damage in about one third to one half of people with diabetes. The early manifestation of DN is microalbuminuria, which eventually progresses to overt albuminuria that is increased albumin levels in the urine, which indicates more severe renal dysfunction, and ultimately leading to renal failure. Material and Methods: Patients were screened and clinically diagnosed accor­ding to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Demographic characteristics of the patients were taken, height and weight were recorded, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in metrics units. Blood investigations were carried out like blood glucose, HbA1C, cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG), serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and24-hour uri­nary protein were investigated for each patient. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calcu­lated. Rate of change of GFR was calculated. Duration of follow-up, age at onset of diabetes, duration of complications, and time for doubling of serum creatinine were recorded and calculated. Results: A total of 50 patients were included in the study who were diagnosed as DN by the physician. Mean age of the patients with DN was observed as 64.24 ± 13.68. There were 31 (62%) male and 19 (38%) and female. Mean duration of nephro­pathy was 7.2 ± 2.9 years. Family history of DN was shown in 5 (10%). Diabetic complications were recorded and tabulated. Retinopathy was observed in 23 (46%) of the cases, Coronary artery disease in 28 (56%), Angina in 22 (44%), stroke in 6(12%), Diabetic foot in 4 (8%), Hypertension in 43 (86%), blindness in 3 (6%) and end stage renal disease was observed in 12 (24%) of the cases. There were 2 (4%) deaths. The mean time to onset of diabetic com­plications from the diagnosis of diabetes in present study was 9.6 ± 2.9 (Mean± SD) years for coronary artery disease, 15.3 ± 7.3 years, for retinopathy, 11.3 ± 3.4 years for neuropathy, and 6.3 ± 2.9 years for diabetic foot. Patients those who were diagnosed >20 years, end stage renal disease was observed in them. The mean proteinuria was 2.34 ± 1.88 gm/L. Protein excretion < 0.5 was found in 15 (30%) patients, mean HbA1C was 9.7 ± 1.5(Mean± SD). Conclusion: Age, male gender, duration of diabetes, baseline HbA1C, blood pressure, and renal function are risk factors for diabetic complications and nephropathy. Keywords: microvascular, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy

Podocalyxin as an early marker predicting diabetic nephropathy and its correlation with stages of diabetic nephropathy in type two diabetic patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah El-Din A Shelbaya ◽  
Hanan M Ali ◽  
Rana H Ibrahim ◽  
Nourhan Safwat Sawirs
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Positive Significant Correlation

Abstract Background Nephropathy, a major complication of diabetes, is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Early identification of nephropathy in diabetes patients is crucial because it creates opportunity for preventing the incidence of DN and/or even slows down the process of end-stage renal disease attributed to diabetes. Human podocytes (Pods) have been demonstrated to be functionally and structurally injured in the natural history of diabetic nephropathy. Aim of the Work To evaluate the possible association between the urinary podocalyxin levels and severity and grade of diabetic nephropathy and to use urinary podocalyxin as a non-invasive marker for early stage of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM. Patients and Methods We collected 60 known clinically and biochemically type 2 diabetic patients.20 diabetic patients with no evidence of diabetic nephropathy, 20 patients diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy in microalbuminuria stages and 20 patients diagnosed as diabetic nephropathy in macroalbuminuria stages from Ain Shams University hospitals between April and December 2018 and 20 apparently healthy volunteers will included as a control group. Results Urinary PCX was significantly higher in patients group compared to control group. Urinary PCX was significantly higher in microalbuminuric group than in normoalbuminuric group and higher in macroalbuminuric group than in microalbuminuric group. There was a positive significant correlation between FBS, 2HrPP, HBA1C and urinary PCX. There was a positive significant correlation between s.create and urinary PCX. There was a positive significant correlation between ACR and urinary PCX. Conclusion Urinary podocalyxin seems to be beneficial as an early marker for early stages of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 DM patients.

scholarly journals Serum Prolidase Activity and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Nephropathy and End Stage Renal Disease: A Correlative Study with Glucose and Creatinine

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Kumar Verma ◽  
Subhash Chandra ◽  
Rana Gopal Singh ◽  
Tej Bali Singh ◽  
Shalabh Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Prolidase Activity ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Association of oxidative stress and serum prolidase activity (SPA) has been reported in many chronic diseases. The study was aimed at evaluating the correlation of glucose and creatinine to SPA and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and end stage renal disease (ESRD) concerned with T2DM. 50 healthy volunteers, 50 patients with T2DM, 86 patients with DN, and 43 patients with ESRD were considered as control-1, control-2, case-1, and case-2, respectively. Blood glucose, creatinine, SPA, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured by colorimetric tests. SPA, TOS, and OSI were significantly increased in case-1 and case-2 than control-1 and control-2, while TAS was significantly decreased(P<0.001). Blood glucose was linearly correlated to SPA, TOS, TAS, and OSI in control-2, case-1 and case-2(P<0.001). Serum creatinine was linearly correlated with SPA, TOS, TAS and OSI in control-2 and case-1(P<0.001). In case-2, serum creatinine was significantly correlated with SPA only(P<0.001). Thus, the study concluded that SPA and oxidative stress significantly correlated with blood glucose and creatinine. SPA, TOS, TAS, and OSI can be used as biomarkers for diagnosis of kidney damage.

scholarly journals Retinopathy and Neuropathy in Patients with End Stage Renal Disease on Haemodialysis- A Hospital Based Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Nazneen Mahmood ◽  
Shaila Safia Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Neurological Manifestation ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Bacground: Chronic renal failure is irreversible and progressive process that results in end stage renal disease (ESRD) where the patient has to be dependent on renal replacement therapy for survival. Retinopathy and neuropathy are often asymptomatic in their most treatable stage; delay in diagnosis can result in significant increase in the patient's risk of visual loss and disability. Ocular condition is also an indicator of the metabolic control of the disease process. This study is an attempt to access the ocular status/complications as well as neurological manifestation associated with end stage renal disease on haemodialysis.Methodology: This is a cross sectional descriptive type of observational study on patients of end stage renal disease getting haemodialysis in Medical College for Women and Hospital. Duration of study was 3 years from January 2011 to December 2013. This study is an attempt to access the ocular status/complications as well as neurological manifestation associated with end stage renal disease on haemodialysis.Result: Among 81 patients, 42 patients had hypertension (HTN) and 19 had diabetes mellitus (DM) and 20 had other causes of chronic kidney disease(CKD). In our study, out of 19 patients of diabetes mellitus, 73.68%(14) had diabetic retinopathy(DR) and 26.32%(5) had normal fundus. All the 42 patients had hypertensive retinopathy(HR). Regarding fundal examination of patients with hypertensive retinopathy(HR), 32.26% had gradel, and 17.74%, 43.55% and 6.45% were of grade ll, lll, lV respectively. It was found that non-proliferative changes in ocular fundal examination in diabetic patients were the commonest abnormality. On fundal examination of diabetic retinopathy (DR), 26.32% had normal fundus, 26.32% had dot and blot haemorrhages, 21.05% had hard exudates and cotton wool, 21.05% had new vascularization while 5.26% had retinal detachment.The following types of neuropathy were seen among our patients; 48.15% had symmetrical distal sensory motor polyneuropathy, 19.75% had a symmetrical polyneuropathy, 19.75% had mononeuropathy and cranial nerve palsies were detected in 12.35%.Conclusion: Detailed ocular and neurological examination should be undertaken in patients of end stage renal disease(ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis(HD) for early diagnosis and treatment of the complications. Awareness is needed of the potential ocular and neurological complications of the disease process.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 1: January 2015, Pages 14-19

scholarly journals Diabetic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal disease in Egypt: a six-year study

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 620-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Afifi ◽  
M. El Setouhy ◽  
M. El Sharkawy ◽  
M. Ali ◽  
H. Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Esrd Patients

The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy as a cause of end-stage renal disease [ESRD] in Egypt has been examined in small cross-sectional studies, with conflicting results. The need for a large-scale study prompted us to perform this 6-year multiple cross-sectional study. A sample of ESRD patients enrolled in the Egyptian renal data system was evaluated during the period 1996-2001 for the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy. Prevalence gradually increased from 8.9% in 1996, to 14.5% in 2001. The mean age of patients with diabetic nephropathy was significantly higher than that of patients with ESRD from other causes. Mortality was also significantly higher in diabetic patients with ESRD

scholarly journals Diabetic nephropathy: what should cardiologist remember

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Trubitsyna ◽  
◽  
Natalia V. Zaitseva ◽  
Anastasia S. Severinа ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) progressively increases around the world. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is significant reason of end-stage renal disease and it is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Necessity of expensive renal replacement therapy for patients with prominent vascular diabetic complications and end-stage renal disease has significant socio-economic impact. DM, as a one of leading causes of kidney diseases, competes for stricted resources of public health. Renal replacement therapy in patients with DM does not solve the whole problem, because survival of such patients is low, comparing with another kidney diseases, first of all because of cardiovascular diseases. Good control of glycaemia, blood pressure and cholesterol level and prescription of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and statins decrease cardiovascular risk and slow down DN progression, as it was shown in many clinical trials. So patients with DM and DN should receive complex therapy for risk reduction of kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders progression. Keywords: diabetes mellitus type 2, diabetic nephropathy, nephroprotection, cardioprotection, SGLT-2 inhibitors, GLP-1 agonists, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system For citation: Trubitsyna NP, Zaitseva NV, Severinа AS. Diabetic nephropathy: what should cardiologist remember. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (1): 20–24. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.1.200712

scholarly journals Etiology of End-Stage Renal Disease and Arterial Stiffness among Hemodialysis Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balsam El Ghoul ◽  
Yazan Daaboul ◽  
Serge Korjian ◽  
Andrew El Alam ◽  
Anthony Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Background. Prior studies have demonstrated that conventional and emerging CV risk factors are associated with worsening arterial stiffness among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis. The present cross-sectional study evaluates the association between the etiology of ESRD and arterial stiffness among a cohort of hemodialysis patients.Methods. Etiology of ESRD was identified from patients’ medical records and classified as either vascular renal disease, diabetic nephropathy, nondiabetic glomerulopathy, tubular interstitial nephropathy, hereditary nephropathy, or ESRD of unconfirmed etiology.Results. A total of 82 subjects were enrolled. cfPWV was independently associated with the composite of either diabetic nephropathy or vascular renal disease (p=0.022), pulse pressure (p=0.001), and a history of CV events (p=0.025), but not history of hypertension or diabetes mellitus alone. The median cfPWVs in diabetic nephropathy and vascular renal disease were comparable and significantly higher than median cfPWVs in other etiologies of ESRD.Conclusion. The study suggests that the etiology of ESRD is independently associated with arterial stiffness among hemodialysis patients. Furthermore, arterial stiffness was higher among patients who developed renal sequelae of either diabetes mellitus or hypertension as compared with those who have a history of either diabetes mellitus or hypertension alone.

Peritoneal Dialysis in Patients with Diabetes: Are the Benefits Greater than the Disadvantages?

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoru Kuriyama
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Dialysis Modality ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Selection Of

Diabetic nephropathy has been increasing in prevalence in recent years, and it is now the dominant cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Because diabetes is frequently associated with multiple complications, nephrologists must be alert to the selection of dialysis modality so as to reduce the accompanying risks. The present review addresses whether the benefits of peritoneal dialysis are greater than its disadvantages in diabetic patients. The answer is quite positive: for most diabetic patients, peritoneal dialysis offers multiple benefits.

scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury in Diabetes Mellitus

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Patschan ◽  
G. A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
End Stage Renal Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Glomerular Damage

Diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the overall morbidity and mortality, particularly by elevating the cardiovascular risk. The kidneys are severely affected as well, partly as a result of intrarenal athero- and arteriosclerosis but also due to noninflammatory glomerular damage (diabetic nephropathy). DM is the most frequent cause of end-stage renal disease in our society. Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a clinical and prognostic problem of fundamental importance since incidences have been increased in recent years while mortality has not substantially been improved. As a matter of fact, not many studies particularly addressed the topic “AKI in diabetes mellitus.” Aim of this article is to summarize AKI epidemiology and outcomes in DM and current recommendations on blood glucose control in the intensive care unit with regard to the risk for acquiring AKI, and finally several aspects related to postischemic microvasculopathy in AKI of diabetic patients shall be discussed. We intend to deal with this relevant topic, last but not least with regard to increasing incidences and prevalences of both disorders, AKI and DM.

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