scholarly journals CONDUCTING FIELD TESTS OF A PROTOTYPE OF A WATER ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSED NON-EXPLOSIVE SEISMIC SOURCE ON A NATURAL RESERVOIR

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-81
Author(s):  
S. I. Malyuta ◽  
S. G. Zinoviev ◽  
R. V. Semenovyh ◽  
N. V. Kuzmichenko ◽  
G. V. Antonevich
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Geophysical Exploration ◽  
Electromagnetic Drive ◽  
Explosive Source ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article presents the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a prototype of a seismic non-explosive source with an electromagnetic drive and an assessment of the possibilities of its use during geophysical exploration for oil and gas with increased environmental requirements.

The Use of a Sensor Modules System for Measuring Drilling Parameters in a Bit, Significantly Reduces the Construction Time of Wells in Eastern Siberia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Alexandrovich Rebrikov ◽  
Anton Anatolyevich Koschenkov ◽  
Anastasiya Gennadievna Rakina ◽  
Igor Dmitrievich Kortunov ◽  
Nikita Vladimirovich Koshelev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Drilling Parameters ◽  
Pdc Bit

Abstract Currently, production and exploration drilling has entered a stage of development where one of the highest priority goals is to reduce the time for well construction with new technologies and innovations. One of the key components in this aspect is the utilizing of the latest achievements in the design and manufacture of rock cutting tools – drill bits. This article presents some new ideas on methods for identifying different types of vibrations when drilling with PDC bits using a system of sensors installed directly into the bit itself. In the oil and gas fields of Eastern Siberia, one of the main reasons for ineffective drilling with PDC bits are vibrations, which lead to premature wear of the cutting structure of the bit and the achievement of low ROPs in the dolomite and dolerite intervals. For efficient drilling of wells of various trajectories with a bottom hole assembly (BHA), including a downhole motor (PDM) and a PDC bit, special attention is paid to control of the bit by limiting the depth of cut, as well as the level of vibrations that occur during drilling process. Often, the existing complex of surface and BHA equipment fails to identify vibrations that occur directly on the bit, as well as to establish the true cause of their occurrence. Therefore, as an innovative solution to this problem, a system of sensors installed directly into the bit itself is proposed. The use of such a system makes it possible to determine the drilling parameters, differentiated depending on the lithological properties of rocks, leading to an increase in vibration impact. Together with the Operators, tests have been successfully carried out, which have proven the effectiveness of the application of this technology. The data obtained during the field tests made it possible to determine the type and source of vibration very accurately during drilling. In turn, this made it possible to precisely adjust the drilling parameters according to the drilled rocks, to draw up a detailed road map of effective drilling in a specific interval. Correction of drilling parameters based on the analysis of data obtained from sensors installed in the bit made it possible to reduce the resulting wear of the PDC bit cutting structure and, if necessary, make changes to the bit design to improve the technical and economic indicators. Thus, the use of a system of sensors for measuring the drilling parameters in a bit ensured the dynamic stability of the entire BHA at the bottomhole when drilling in rocks of different hardness, significantly reduced the wear of the drilling tools and qualitatively improved the drilling performance.

An experimental study of source motion synthesis from first arrivals

1963 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 955-963
Author(s):  
Henry N. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Source Function ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Fixed Position ◽  
Explosive Source ◽  
Simple Medium ◽  
Surface Ice ◽  
Source Motion

Abstract The motion near a seismic source is synthesized from experimentally obtained seismograms of non-dispersed body waves. The body waves were emitted from an explosive source submerged in a lake with a frozen surface. The seismograms were recorded at several distances by moving the source to a greater depth for each record, while the seismometer remained in a fixed position on the surface ice sheet. All syntheses of the waveform one meter from the source yield the impulsive nature of the source. Deviations between the synthesized one-meter record and the observed one-meter motion are thought to reflect primarily the changing character of the shot medium with depth from the ice. These results indicate that over the short propagation distances (about three wavelengths for the higher frequencies recorded) through the simple medium of this experiment, the observed waveforms and their associated spectra retain characteristics of the source function. The records also yield some information regarding the nature and structure of the elastic medium about the source.

Tackling the Methane Quandary: Curbing Emissions from Control Valves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pacini ◽  
Stefano Rossini
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Control Valve ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Fugitive Emission ◽  
Control Valves ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Abstract In the wake of Eni's strategy to curb fugitive emissions - in particular methane – an innovative control valve (Clarke Shutter Valve) has been deployed and tested in an Italian Eni facility. This shutter type valve is capable of reducing the fugitive emissions by more than 90%, as well as greatly curbing purchase costs, thanks to an innovative design in bonnet and regulating mechanism. In order to assess the real potentiality of the innovation, four Fisher globe valves and one Fisher V-ball were substituted with the Shutter Valves on different hydrocarbon streams of the Trecate facility (Piedmont), in particular on streams containing oil, gas and corrosive fluids. The valves were monitored for more than a year and fugitive emissions tests have been performed to detect and estimate methane leak rates. Since this represented a first deployment of this technology in Europe, a thorough analysis and technology validation of the valves has been performed. A successful installation and start-up were performed in 3 days by Eni's staff at in February of 2020. The valves were fully operational after the installation and to date no issues have been reported. In order to monitor the valves performances of flow control, continuous data collection on each valve has been implemented, and the analysis performed showed that all valves behave correctly as to Eni's standards. A fugitive emission test that has been performed at the end of 2020 with a certified portable FID/PID analyzer displayed that no methane emissions were detected from the valves. Lastly the one year and half long technology validation concluded that the Shutter Valves are a valid technology for curbing methane emissions from the Oil and Gas plants, and that suggested to qualify the company as Eni partner for control valves. This deployment and field tests, as well as the technological assessment performed by Eni's professionals showed the potentiality of this new type of valves in reducing the methane emissions from the petroleum industry. Understanding the potentiality of intrinsically carbon neutral technology is a crucial step for the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions and towards the creation of a more environmentally friendly industry.

Advances in marine electromagnetic (EM) efficiency with a towed acquisition system

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Folke Engelmark ◽  
Johan Mattsson ◽  
John Linfoot
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Repeated Sequence ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Surface Sampling ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
The North ◽  
Simultaneous Acquisition ◽  
Oil And Gas Field ◽  
Source Signal

A towed marine EM system has been developing since 2004 where both source and receivers are towed behind the same vessel in an arrangement similar to 2D streamer seismic. This is an ideal technology for reducing risk in hydrocarbon targets in general and low saturation gas in particular, as well as the monitoring of CO2 sequestration. The dipole source is 400 or 800 m long and towed at 10 m below the sea surface. The receiver cable is towed at 100 m depth and has receiver offsets between 500 and 8,000 m. A transient source signal is used, allowing deterministic deconvolution of the source signature, which can be of any shape; for example, square wave, PRBS, or optimised repeated sequence (ORS). There are multiple benefits of the towed EM system: Similar in operation to a marine streamer seismic. Improved survey efficiency with source and receivers towed by the same vessel. Real-time monitoring of source and receivers, and quality control of incoming data. Onboard pre-processing. Dense sub-surface sampling. Receivers towed above the seafloor—the influence of strong local anomalies at the seabed is thus minimised. Facilitates simultaneous acquisition of EM and 2D seismic. Successful field tests were conducted in mid-2010 over the Peon gas field and the Troll oil and gas field in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. A total of 615 line km were acquired during 138 hours, and the data has been successfully processed and inverted to delineate all targets.

scholarly journals Modified approach for identifying weak zones for effective sand management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-555
Author(s):  
Aliyu Adebayo Sulaimon ◽  
Lim Lee Teng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Modulus ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Sand Production ◽  
Geomechanical Properties ◽  
Wellbore Pressure ◽  
Weak Zones

Abstract Sand production is a major problem that the oil and gas industry has been facing for years. It can lead to loss of production, equipment damage or complete well abandonment. Prediction of sand has been historically challenging due to the periodic nature of sand production, insufficient laboratory tests and lack of field tests validation. Analyses have been performed to identify weak zones for planned wells, and common technique is the application of shear modulus and mechanical properties log (MPL) criteria developed by Tixier et al. (J Pet Technol 27:283–293, 1975). However, the set criteria have been found to be generally inadequate to detect transition zone or predict weak formation in some fields. In this study, using the knowledge of rock behavior, geomechanical properties and well log data, we have established new simple criteria for identifying fragile sections within a transition zone. In situ logging data from a field X, located in Sabah, Malaysia, and Field Y, located in Shimokita, Japan, were used in this study. Using the threshold for shear modulus and MPL, the criteria for the geomechanical properties are set to differentiate formation strengths at different depths. The threshold for Poisson’s ratio is 0.34, Young’s modulus at 1.6 × 106 psi and the unconfined compressive strength at 2400 psi. The MPL and geomechanical models were generated to predict sanding incident. The results were subsequently validated with artificial neural network using MATLAB. Also, critical wellbore pressure is calculated and acts as a guide to operate outside the sand failure envelope. Thus, the prediction of the weak formation using geomechanical properties has been further established in this study.

scholarly journals Seismic reflection imaging of a geothermal aquifer in an urban setting

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Liberty
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Seismic Survey ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Fracture Permeability ◽  
Air Gun ◽  
Explosive Source ◽  
Geothermal Aquifer

A seismic reflection survey that was conducted in downtown Boise, Idaho, to help city planners site a new well for injection of spent geothermal water illustrates some methods to safely and successfully employ a seismic reflection survey in an urban setting. The objective of the seismic survey was to estimate the depth and continuity of a basalt and rhyolite volcanic sequence. Well siting was based on geothermal aquifer depth, location of interpreted faults, projected thermal impact of injection on existing wells, surface pipe extension costs, and public land availability. Seismic acquisition tests and careful processing were used to ensure high‐quality data while minimizing the potential for damage along city streets. A video camera placed in a sewer and a blast vibration monitor were used to confirm that energy from the seismic source (a 75-in3 land air gun) did not damage nearby buildings, street surfaces, or buried utilities along the survey lines. Walkaway seismic tests were also used to compare signal quality of the air‐gun source to an explosive source for imaging targets up to 800 m depth. These tests show less signal bandwidth from the air‐gun source compared to the buried explosive source, but the air‐gun signal quality was adequate to meet imaging objectives. Seismic reflection results show that the top of this rhyolite/basalt sequence dips (∼8–11°) southwest away from the Boise foothills at depths of 200 to 800 m. Seismic methods enabled interpretation of aquifer depths along the profiles and located fault zones where injected water may encounter fracture permeability and optimally benefit the existing producing system. The acquisition and processing techniques used to locate the Boise injection well may succeed for other hydrogeologic and environmental studies in urban settings.

Advances from Arctic Oil Spill Response Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1487-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph V. Mullin
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
Oil Spill Response

Abstract 2017-161 Over the past four decades, the oil and gas industry has made significant advances in being able to detect, contain and clean up spills and mitigate the residual consequences in Arctic environments. Many of these advances were achieved through collaborative research programs involving industry, academic and government partners. The Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology - Joint Industry Programme (JIP), was launched in 2012 and completed in early 2017 with the objectives of building on an already extensive knowledge base to further improve Arctic spill response capabilities and better understand the environmental issues involved in selecting and implementing the most effective response strategies. The JIP was a collaboration of nine oil and gas companies (BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Eni, ExxonMobil, North Caspian Operating Company, Shell, Statoil, and Total) and focused on six key areas of oil spill response: dispersants; environmental effects; trajectory modeling; remote sensing; mechanical recovery and in-situ burning. The JIP provided a vehicle for sharing knowledge among the participants and international research institutions and disseminating information to regulators, the public and stakeholders. The network of engaged scientists and government agencies increased opportunities to develop and test oil spill response technologies while raising awareness of industry efforts to advance the existing capabilities in Arctic oil spill response. The JIP consisted of two phases, the first included technical assessments and state of knowledge reviews resulting in a library of sixteen documents available on the JIP website. The majority of the JIP efforts focused on Phase 2, actual experiments, and included laboratory, small and medium scale tank tests, and field research experiments. Three large-scale field tests were conducted in the winter and spring months of 2014–2016 including recent participation of the JIP in the 2016 NOFO oil on water exercise off Norway. The JIP was the largest pan-industry programme dedicated to oil spill response in the Arctic, ever carried out. Twenty seven research projects were successfully and safely conducted by the world’s foremost experts on oil spill response from across industry, academia, and independent scientific institutions in ten countries. The overarching goal of the research was to address the differing aspects involved in oil spill response, including the methods used, and their applicability to the Arctic’s unique conditions. All research projects were conducted using established protocols and proven scientific technologies, some of which were especially adjusted for ice conditions. This paper describes the scope of the research conducted, results, and key findings. The JIP is committed to full transparency in disseminating the results through peer reviewed journal articles, and all JIP research reports are available free of charge at www.arcticresponsetechnology.org.

scholarly journals A seismic vertical vibrator driven by linear synchronous motors

Geophysics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. EN57-EN67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Noorlandt ◽  
Guy Drijkoningen ◽  
Johan Dams ◽  
Rob Jenneskens
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
Frequency Regime ◽  
Linear Synchronous Motors ◽  
Spring Mechanism ◽  
The Individual

A linear synchronous motor (LSM) is an electric motor that can produce large controllable forces and is therefore suitable as a driving engine for a seismic vibrator. This motor consists of two independent elements, a magnet track and a coil track, allowing practically unlimited motor displacements. This makes the LSM very suitable for expanding the source frequency band to the lower frequencies in which larger strokes are needed. In contrast to hydraulic engines, the LSM performs equally well over the whole frequency range, making possible a smaller amount of signal distortion, especially at the low frequencies. To find the feasibility of an LSM-driven vibrator, we successfully designed and built a multi-LSM prototype vibrator of some 1200 kg. We addressed the synchronization between the individual motor tracks and the different motors. To lower the energy consumption, a spring mechanism was implemented that delivered the force needed to lift the vibrator mass to its neutral position. The resonance belonging to this spring mechanism was successfully suppressed with the help of a position feedback control that also suppressed the temperature effects. The seismic data acquired in the field tests proved that the prototype LSM vibrator acted very well as a seismic source. It has no trouble generating pseudorandom sweeps, and even given its limited size, it generated signals within the low-frequency regime, down to 2 Hz, rather easily.

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