The effect of sputum smear grade on the anatomical position of lung involvement: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) is difficult to diagnose due to fewer organisms in sputum and extrapulmonary samples. Sputum culture takes 4 to 8 weeks for growth of the mycobacteria. Delayed treatment for TB in PLHIV leads to increased mortality. This study evaluated cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) as a diagnostic tool for diagnosis of pulmonary TB (PTB) and extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) in PLHIV in the second most HIV prevalent state in India and for comparing its efficacy between Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining sputum smear–positive and sputum smear–negative TB. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in RIMS, Imphal, with 167 PLHIV patients, age 15 years or older, having signs and symptoms of TB. Appropriate samples for sputum microscopy and CBNAAT were sent. Conclusion The overall sensitivity of sputum smear for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) was found to be 30.71% and that of CBNAAT was 38.57%. Sensitivity of CBNAAT for sputum smear–positive and sputum smear–negative TB was 100 and 11.3%, respectively. Sensitivity of ZN smear for AFB of EPTB sample was 48.1% and that of CBNAAT was 59.25%. In both PTB and EPTB, CBNAAT showed an increase in diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed PTB cases by 7.8 and 11.1%, respectively, over and above the cases diagnosed by ZN smear microscopy. Rifampicin resistance was detected in five patients. We conclude that CBNAAT is a rapid test with better sensitivity in diagnosis of PTB and EPTB in PLHIV, compared with ZN smear microscopy. It detects rifampicin resistance for multidrug-resistant TB and helps in early treatment intervention.

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Sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in tuberculosis: A cross-sectional study

Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity ◽

10.15789/2220-7619-ssp-1709 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

R. Behzadmehr ◽

E. Nejadkehkha

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

X Ray ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Chest X Ray

Despite many advances in the diagnosis, screening, and rapid treatment of tuberculosis, it is still a public health concern in the world. Due to the importance of this issue in diagnosis and reduction of transmission of infection and treatment of the disease especially where this study is conducted due to the high prevalence of tuberculosis, this study was done to determine The relationship between sputum smear positivity grade and chest X-ray findings in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a hospital in southeast of Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on all patients with pulmonary TB referencing the health centers in Zabol city, southeast of Iran from 1 January 2015 to 30 December 2020. Sputum smear and radiographic findings of the chest X-ray were evaluated. Data was collected using a form of information and finally analyzed by SPSS 22. Out of 101 patients examined in the present study, 71 were women and 30 were men. The mean age of the patients was 62.68 ± 13.61 years. The frequency of opacity in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 was 71.4, 78.5, and 76.5%, respectively. Frequency of cavitation in patients with Grade 1, 2 and 3 was 11.5%, 28.5% and 52.9% respectively (P value 0.001). The frequency of reticulonodular presentations in patients with grade 1, 2, and 3 was 24.2, 7.1, and 0%, respectively. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (1+, 2+, and 3+), the frequency of cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. In general, the results of this study showed that, with increasing grading of smears (, the frequency of Cavitation presentation increased significantly and the frequency of reticulonodular presentations decreased significantly. The findings of the present study can help physicians better diagnose TB.

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The implementation of health istithaah to the pilgrims with tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study in Jakarta, Indonesia

Medical Journal of Indonesia ◽

10.13181/mji.oa.203517 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 198-203

Author(s):

Ibnu Mas'ud ◽

Ujainah Zaini Nasir ◽

Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo ◽

Ikhwan Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Sectional Study ◽

District Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Health Team ◽

Tb Treatment ◽

Mdr Tb

BACKGROUND Based on the regulation of the Indonesian Ministry of Health No. 15 of 2016 about health istithaah for the Hajj, patients with tuberculosis (TB) can be categorized into ineligible or temporarily ineligible pilgrims. This study aimed to know the characteristics of pilgrims with TB and determined their level of fitness for fulfilling the health istithaah. METHODS A cross-sectional study of pilgrims from Jakarta who were receiving TB treatment during the Hajj in 2018 was conducted with consecutive sampling. The secondary data was collected from the Hajj Integrated Computer Health System 2018, TB registered form, and six-minute walk test (the fitness level data) conducted by the District Hajj Health Team at district health centers in DKI Jakarta and Pondok Gede before the Hajj embarkation in June–July 2018. The questionnaire to the Indonesian Hajj Health Team during pilgrimage was also included as additional data. RESULTS Thirty-one pilgrims received TB treatment and completed the intensive phase of TB treatment, but 29 pilgrims had no symptoms. Among them, 2 patients had MDR-TB. Most of them were male aged ≥40 years old. Twelve pilgrims with TB have a sufficient fitness. All pilgrims were able to run the pillars of the Hajj. CONCLUSIONS Pilgrims with TB, including MDR-TB, who had completed the intensive phase with a negative sputum smear test were declared eligible for the Hajj with assistance.

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Blinded rechecking of sputum smear microscopy performance in public health facilities in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia: Retrospective cross sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. e0239342

Author(s):

Letebrhan Weldemhret ◽

Ataklti Hailu ◽

Goyitom Gebremedhn ◽

Hadish Bekuretsion ◽

Gebreselassie Alemseged ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Sputum Smear Microscopy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Public Health Facilities ◽

Tigray Region

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Lung involvement prevalence in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis without known pulmonary disease: a multicentric cross sectional study

Advances in Rheumatology ◽

10.1186/s42358-021-00209-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Paulin ◽

Anastasia Secco ◽

Federico Benavidez ◽

Juan José Rodríguez Moncalvo ◽

Orlando Gabriel Carballo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Joint Disease ◽

Joint Involvement ◽

Lung Involvement ◽

Functional Tests ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Ra

Abstract Background Clinically evident interstitial lung disease (ILD) affects between 10 and 42% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Airway involvement seems to be even more common. Most of the available evidence comes from studies performed in established RA patients. The aim of our study was to know the prevalence of non-diagnosed lung disease (airway and interstitial involvement) in patients with early RA and look for associated factors. Methods We designed an observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study, and included patients with RA of less than two years since diagnosis. We performed a structured questionnaire, HRCT and lung functional tests looking for lung disease, together with joint disease evaluation. We analyzed which variables were associated with the presence of lung disease on HRCT. Results We included 83 patients, 83% females. The median (IQR) of time since RA diagnosis was 3 (1–6) months. In the HRCT, 57 patients had airway compromisea (72%), and 6 had interstitial abnormalities (7.5%). The most common altertion found in lung functional tests was a reduced DLCO (14%). The presence of at least one abnormality in the physical exam was associated with lung involvement on HRCT [13 (21.6%) vs 0 (0%); p = 0.026]. Also, patients with lung involvement presented significantly lower values of FVC% and DLCO%, and higher values of RV/TLC. No variable related to joint involvement was found associated with alterations in HRCT. Conclusion Our study shows that a large proportion of early RA patients has abnormal findings in HRCT. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Faktor Risiko Gagal Konversi BTA pada Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru Fase Intensif di Kota Yogyakarta

Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan ◽

10.22435/bpk.v47i2.1002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

Zain Hadifah ◽

Yanri Wijayantri Subronto ◽

M Robikhul Ikhsan

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Treatment Default ◽

Primary Health ◽

Pre Treatment

Sputum smear conversion at the end of the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment is positif of the patients response to treatment. This study aimed to determine factors associated to sputum smear non-conversion at the end of the intensive phase treatment. This cross sectional study was perform in Yogyakarta distric by collecting medical record in primary health care, from 2011-2016. Of 722 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patient, 21,05 % patients were identified as non-converted of the intensive phase of treatment with the median age was 41 years and 58.5 % were male. The factors were associated with sputum smear non-conversion of insentive phase treatment : male, age ≥50, pre-treatment smears graded ≥2+, nonadherence to tuberculosis after 2 months treatment. Multivariate analysis indicated that Pre-treatment smears graded ≥2+and nonadherent to tuberculosis after 2 months treatment were a count highest contribution with sputum smear non-conversion. Patients with these factors non-conversion after two months of treatment should be given a fully supervised treatment to prevent in treatment default. Abstrak Konversi BTA pada akhir pengobatan fase intensif merupakan salah satu indiaktor respon pasien terhadap pengobatan TB. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kegagalan konversi BTA setelah pengobatan TB fase intensif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional berdasarkan data rekam medis di puskesmas, Kota Yogyakarta tahun 2011-2016. Dari 722 pasien TB paru, sebanyak 21,05% adalah gagal konversi setelah pengobatan fase intensif dengan median umur adalah 41 tahun dan sebanyak 58,5% adalah laki-laki. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan gagal konversi setelah pengobatan fase intensif adalah jenis kelamin laki-laki, umur ≥50 tahun, gradasi BTA ≥2+, ketidakteraturan menelan obat. Analisa multivariable menunjukkan gradasi BTA sebelum pengobatan ≥ 2+ dan ketidakteraturan pengobatan sebagai faktor yang paling berkontribusi dengan gagal konversi. Pasien dengan gagal konversi setelah 2 bulan .

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Assessment of the Isoniazid Preventive Therapy Uptake and Associated Characteristics: A Cross-Sectional Study

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2018/8690714 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Francine Mwayuma Birungi ◽

Stephen Graham ◽

Jeannine Uwimana ◽

Brian van Wyk

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Isoniazid Preventive Therapy ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Centres ◽

Index Cases

Objective. To assess the uptake of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) by eligible children in Kigali, Rwanda, and associated individual, households, and healthcare systems characteristics. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among child contacts of index cases having sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Data were collected from 13 selected primary health centres. Descriptive statistics were used to generate frequency tables and figures. Logistic regression models were performed to determine characteristics associated with IPT uptake. Results. Of 270 children (under 15 years), who were household contacts of 136 index cases, 94 (35%) children were less than 5 years old and eligible for IPT; and 84 (89%, 95% CI 81–94) were initiated on IPT. The reasons for not initiating IPT in the remaining 10 children were parents/caregivers’ lack of information on the need for IPT, refusal to give IPT to their children, and poor quality services offered at health centres. Factors associated with no uptake of IPT included children older than 3 years, unfriendly healthcare providers, HIV infected index cases, and the index case not being the child’s parent. Conclusion. The National Tuberculosis Program’s policy on IPT delivery was effectively implemented. Future interventions should find strategies to manage factors associated with IPT uptake.

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Evaluation of GeneXpert MTB/RIF as a diagnostic tool in patients with sputum smear-negative TB in a high HIV burden region in Nigeria

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (9) ◽

pp. 697-699

Author(s):

Abdulwasiu Bolaji Tiamiyu ◽

Garba Iliyasu ◽

Farouq Muhammad Dayyab ◽

Zaiyad Garba Habib ◽

Sirajo Haliru Tambuwal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Resource Limited Settings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Lowenstein Jensen ◽

Diagnostic Usefulness ◽

Smear Negative

Abstract Background There are challenges in the diagnosis of TB in people with smear-negative pulmonary TB (SNPTB) in resource-limited settings. We evaluated the diagnostic usefulness of Xpert MTB/RIF compared with TB culture among SNPTB. Methods The study was a cross-sectional study among patients with SNPTB. The Xpert MTB/RIF tests and sputum culture (using Lowenstein-Jensen medium) were performed. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results Of 150 patients studied, the sensitivity and specificity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF were 81.8 and 97.4%, respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay was comparative with culture in SNPTB patients.

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