The Analysis of Ecologically Safe Operation of Oil Pipelines by Methods of the Stochastic Theory of Similarity

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
T.V. Zinets ◽  
A.M. Gonopolsky
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Theory ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Oil Pipelines

In article it is shown that in the analysis of conditions of environmental safety of the main oil pipelines (MOP) with use of methods of the stochastic theory of similarity, it is necessary to consider not only the MNP design-technology parameters, but also various chemical mass-exchanged processes, for example, corrosion (oxygen, sulphurous and chloric corrosion), influencing changes of structural elements in time and space. For these reasons, dependences between parametrical criteria of similarity and their communications with stochastic criteria of similarity are the basis for the developed model. Comparative analysis was carried out by results of a research more than 70 emergency situations, at transportation of oil through the main pipelines of 18 companies. In parameters of accidents criteria ratios between the factors affecting environmental safety of MNP are received. It is established that average specific intensity of accidents on routes of the sites of the oil pipeline equipped adjustable and unregulated nature protection to constructions and the equipment and also without them, correspond as 1:4.9:83.5. It is shown that a ratio of costs of compensation of ecological damage in case of accidents on routes of the same sites of the oil pipeline equipped adjustable and unregulated nature protection to constructions and the equipment and also without them approximately correspond as 1:1.9:7.5.

scholarly journals Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of the Main Pipelines in Information Deficiency Conditions

10.12737/208 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Котляревский ◽  
Vladimir Kotlyarevskiy ◽  
Ларионов ◽  
Valeriy Larionov ◽  
Александров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Oil Pipelines

Operation in difficult climatic conditions and the large extent of the main gas and oil pipelines causes the need of search of new decisions for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of pipeline transport objects. The technique offered in this article is based on the plotting of seismic vulnerability function of the main pipeline embedded in soil by calculated dynamic analysis of stresseddeformed state in conditions of experimental information lack.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF THE VALUE OF OIL LOSS DURING THE SEALING OF THE LINEAR PART OF THE PIPELINE

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
V. T. Bolonny
Keyword(s):  
Linear Part ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Oil Leakage ◽  
Oil Transportation ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Pollution Area

The characteristics of the oil transportation system of Ukraine are presented, the emergency risks of domestic oil transportation pipeline sys­tems are established. The analysis of the accident rate of oil pipeline trans­port in Ukraine was carried out. The technique for estimating emergency oil leakages in the main pipeline depending on the energy characteristics of the fluid flow and changes in its level in the cross section is developed allowing to determine the volume of oil leakages into the environment from the de­tection of pressure drop to the establishment of stationary conditions of the pipeline operation and its final stop for the purpose of carrying out repairs. Based on the results of the calculations, the graphs which demonstrate the nature of the formation of soil pollution area by leakage from the pipeline are constructed. The linear part of the main oil pipelines is the most dangerous object, as all emergency situations are associated with emergency processes of dif­ferent intensity in the form of oil leakage into the environment and in fact are dangerous when system failures appear. The process and the time period for the formation of the ecological danger zone depend on the amount of oil leakage, its intensity. Emergency leakages of oil and petroleum products from pipelines enter the environment, which is often the soil, forming an area of gassiness, and then reach the surface, polluting the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of state regulation of environmental safety in emergency situations

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Yurii Koretskyi
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Ecological Safety ◽  
Nature Protection ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Modern Level ◽  
The Developed Countries

Ensuring environmental security in emergencies in Ukraine continues to be one of the main tasks of modern public policy at all levels of government. Due to the constant increase in the frequency and magnitude of emergencies (Emergency Situations), as well as human and material losses, measures to neutralize and prevent natural and man-made threats are of particular relevance. The purpose of the article is theoretical and methodological substantiation of mechanisms of state regulation of ecological safety in emergencies and determination of the main ways to improve their formation and functioning. The modern level of natural-technogenic danger has been investigated and it has been established that 140 – 150 technogenic accidents and catastrophes of regional and national importance occur annually in the territory of Ukraine. According to the UN, in most countries, natural and man-made disasters cause losses of 2 – 4 % in the structure of gross national product. Environmental risk is related to the following groups of factors: 1) technogenic; 2) natural; 3) socio-economic; 4) military; 5) political; 6) terrorism. In Ukraine there are territories with different levels of environmental safety, namely: ordinary (background), crisis, critical, catastrophic and after catastrophic (rehabilitation). The Chernobyl accident from emergency turned into catastrophic, as it caused a significant increase in cancer of the population, led to the depletion of a 30-kilometer zone for decades and led to radioactive contamination of the territory on 4.6 million hectares. In order to prevent and respond to emergencies in Ukraine, a Unified State System of Prevention and Response to Emergencies (EMU) has been established, and a number of laws and programs for the prevention and response to emergencies of anthropogenic and natural nature have been adopted. It is established that the mechanism of functional provision of ecological safety includes such types of state-legal measures as organizational, regulatory, regulatory, executive and enforcement measures. The main reasons for the deterioration of the environmental situation in Ukraine are identified: insufficient state control over the implementation of nature protection laws and economic incentives for resource and energy conservation, lack of effective laws on environmental protection and by-laws for their effective implementation, acceleration of negative economic, social and political environmental processes and more. Improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of environmental safety should cover its main four components, namely: economic, production, technical, organizational and state-legal. The most important activities need to be coordinated in terms of both components and time limits. It is necessary to create an effective mechanism for financing measures for the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergencies, stimulating managers and business owners to reduce the level of natural and man-made hazard at the sites Today, there is a lag of our country from the developed countries of the world in the level of natural-technogenic security and the lack of a mechanism of state regulation of its provision. Improvement of the mechanism of state regulation of environmental safety should cover its main four components, namely: economic, production, technical, organizational and state-legal. 

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR MANAGING THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND CIVIL SAFETY OF TRANSBOUNDARY TRANSPORTATION OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS THROUGH PIPELINES

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Vladyslav Shuryhin ◽  
Yulia Rak ◽  
Vasyl Karabyn
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The State ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Mathematical Form ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Oil And Oil Products

Transportation of oil and oil products through main pipelines is accompanied by the outpouring of these components into the environment, which creates risks of reducing the level of environmental safety and emergencies. The object of research is the factors and methods of environmental and civil safety management of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines. Investigated problem is the analysis of environmental and civil safety management factors for cross-border transportation of oil and oil products through pipelines has been carried out and new technical and organizational solutions have been proposed to improve the level of management. The environmental safety of oil and gas facilities is defined as the state of environmentally safe functioning of oil and gas facilities and the absence of harmful environmental impact on these facilities. On the basis of the analysis of emergency situations on the linear part of the main oil pipelines, five main reasons leading to depressurization have been identified and ranked. The oil pipeline emergency is presented in a mathematical form. The analysis of depressurization of main oil pipelines in the world and in the Lviv region is carried out. The international normative legal acts regulating the management aspects of environmental and civil safety of cross-border transportation of oil and oil products are analyzed. Innovative products – in case of water pollution as a result of a catastrophic inflow of oil products, it is proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of pollution of running water and a method of physical modeling of the process of spreading pollution as a result of a single discharge of oil products into the river. In the case of soil contamination with oil products, it was proposed to use a patented installation for modeling the process of filtration of contaminated solutions through the soil or bottom sediments. The advantages of the proposed new technical solutions based on known analogues are shown. The area of practical use of the research results is the subdivisions of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Emergency Situations, NJSC Naftogaz of Ukraine, higher educational institutions, research institutes of oil and gas ecological profile.

Recording of the Cavitation Phenomena when Modeling Flows in the Trunk Pipelines

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
A.M. Sverchkov ◽  
◽  
S.I. Sumskoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Linear Part ◽  
Simple Wave ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Flow Modeling ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Hydraulic Shocks ◽  
The Waves

In the article, it is proposed to use a numerical method based on the approach of S.K. Godunov to simulate boiling in a pipeline. The paper presents a statement of the real problem of modeling a water hammer, considering possible boiling of the transported liquid on a real object — an oil pipeline. When solving the problem, two variants of flow modeling when closing the valve installed at the end of the pipeline were carried out. In the first Наука и техника 14 Безопасность Труда в Промышленности • Occupational Safety in Industry • № 11'2020 • www.safety.ru case, the possibility of liquid boiling was not considered. In the second case, this opportunity was considered. The performed numerical simulation showed that in the pipeline in emergency situations, liquid columns can be formed, separated by the cavitation zones and oscillating in different phases, respectively, at the collapse of the cavitation zones, which serve as a kind of pressure dampers, the collisions of liquid columns occur, which can lead, depending on the ratio of velocities, to hydraulic shocks that occur not on the valves, but on the linear part of the pipeline (local hydraulic shocks). The waves from these collapses, interacting with each other, create the new pressure peaks that do not coincide with the pattern of simple wave circulation, which are predicted in the simulations that do not consider possible liquid boiling. As a resul t, the pressures reached in the pipeline during fluid hammer is significantly different from what it would be in the absence of boiling. When boiling is considered, the maximum reached pressures are 40 % higher. Moreover, this excess is repeated. The detailed analysis of the pressure profile in the pipeline is given in the article. Based on the results of solving this problem, it is concluded that when modeling pre–emergency and emergency situations in the pipeline, it is necessary to consider the process of possible liquid boiling, since sometimes, as in the presented case, the values of the pressure surges can be higher than the values of the pressure surges in the liquid without considering boiling, which increases the likelihood of emergency depressurization.

Improvement of legislation in the field of development and approval of plans for the prevention and elimination of oil spillage and spills of petroleum products at the facilities of main pipelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-662
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Zakharchenko ◽  
◽  
Alexander E. Gonchar ◽  
Roman Y. Shestakov ◽  
Polina V. Pugacheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Trunk Pipeline ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
The Us ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline

The procedure for action in cases of a threat or an accident at oil pipeline transport facilities is defined in the relevant plans for emergency spillage prevention and response – ESPR. The purpose of the article is to analyze the requirements of the legislation in the field of development and approval of ESPR. The specifics of ESRP development at trunk pipeline facilities in Russia are noted, the US experience in combating oil and oil products spillage is presented. The problematic issues in the development and approval of ESRP, relevant for the domestic system of main oil pipeline transport, have been considered. It was established that the Federal Law No. 207-FL, adopted in July 2020, fundamentally changed the outdated and required revision approach to the coordination and approval of ESRP. At the same time, further work is needed to create a regulatory framework that establishes requirements for ESRP, as well as to improve ESRP, taking into account modern methods of predicting accidents, identifying emergencies, risk-oriented approaches to planning measures to localize and eliminate accidents, the specifics of operating organizations.

Regression analysis of indicators of a numerical experiment to determine the cooling time of oil

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
A. U. Yakupov ◽  
D. A. Cherentsov ◽  
K. S. Voronin ◽  
Yu. D. Zemenkov
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Fisher Criterion ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Significant Regression

The article performed the processing of the results of a computer experiment to determine the cooling time of oil in a stopped oil pipeline. We proposed a calculation model in previous works that allows you to simulate the process of cooling oil.There was a need to verify the previously obtained results when conducting a laboratory experiment on a stand with soil. To conduct the experiment, it was necessary to conduct the planning of the experiment. The factors affecting the cooling time of oil in the oil pipeline, which will vary in the proposed experiment, are determined, empirical relationships are established. A regression analysis was carried out, and the dispersion homogeneity was checked using the Cochren criterion. The estimates of reproducibility variances are calculated. The adequacy hypothesis was tested using the Fisher criterion. Significant regression coefficients are established.

Using clusterization principles for the selection of repair sections of main oil pipelines based on diagnostic data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Classification Of Images ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of determining the repair sections of the main oil pipeline is solved, basing on the classification of images using distance functions and the clustering principle, The criteria characterizing the cluster are determined by certain given values, based on a comparison with which the defect is assigned to a given cluster, procedures for the redistribution of defects in cluster zones are provided, and the cluster zones parameters are being changed. Calculations are demonstrating the range of defect density variation depending on pipeline sections and the universal capabilities of linear objects configuration with arbitrary density, provided by cluster analysis.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk, damage and environmental safety of emergency situations at energy facilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1942 (1) ◽  
pp. 012100
Author(s):  
N A Lukashev ◽  
A P Valov ◽  
K G Arinushkina ◽  
M V Diuldin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Emergency Situations

scholarly journals Exploring Factors Affecting the Emergency Specialists’ Decision-Making in Case of Emergencies in Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbasali Ebrahimian ◽  
Seyed-Hossein Hashemi-Amrei ◽  
Mohammadreza Monesan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Emergency Decision

Introduction. Appropriate decision-making is essential in emergency situations; however, little information is available on how emergency decision-makers decide on the emergency status of the patients shifted to the emergency department of the hospital. This study aimed at explaining the factors that influence the emergency specialists’ decision-making in case of emergency conditions in patients. Methods. This study was carried out with a qualitative content analysis approach. The participants were selected based on purposive sampling by the emergency specialists. The data were collected through semistructured interviews and were analyzed using the method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman. Results. The core theme of the study was “efforts to perceive the acute health threats of the patient.” This theme was derived from the main classes, including “the identification of the acute threats based on the patient’s condition” and “the identification of the acute threats based on peripheral conditions.” Conclusions. The conditions governing the decision-making process about patients in the emergency department differ from the conditions in other health-care departments at hospitals. Emergency specialists may have several approaches to decide about the patients’ emergency conditions. Therefore, notably, the emergency specialists’ working conditions and the others’ expectations from these specialists should be considered.

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