scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES LICHEN AS AN ACCUMULATIVE BIOINDICATOR OF ANTHROPOGENIC ATMOSPHERE POLLUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-163
Author(s):  
T. A. Trifonova ◽  
A. S. Salmin
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Atmosphere Pollution ◽  
Instrumental Methods ◽  
The City ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

Aim. This study was aimed at assessing the possibility of using the Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. lichen as an accumulative bioindicator of atmospheric air pollution in industrial cities.Methods. Under the conditions of aerial anthropogenic pollution in the city of Kazan, bulk concentrations of such heavy metals (HM) as Pb, Cr, Fe, Cu, Co and Ni were determined in the thalli of epiphytic H. physodes lichen using X‐ray fluorescence analysis.Results. According to the data obtained, the samples of lichen thalli contained 0.02÷3.08, 0.68÷2.82, 6.46÷542.99, 6,28÷21,52, 0.01÷0.32 and 0.03÷1.48 mg/kg of lead, chromium, iron, copper, cobalt and nickel, respectively.Conclusion. It is established that the city districts characterized by different envi‐ ronmental conditions showed various HM contents in lichen thalli. On the basis of the elemental composition of the thalli, zoning of the city area was carried out.  In addition to instrumental methods, a centile analysis revealed high HM concentrations in the lichen thalli. The conducted research has confirmed high biomonitoring characteristics of the H. physodes lichen. 

X-ray Total Reflection Fluorescence Analysis of Iron, Copper, Zinc, and Bromine in Human Serum

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1250-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Total Reflection ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Good Agreement

The method of total reflection fluorescence analysis was used to obtain concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and bromine in human sera. It was first applied to the commercial control-serum preparation known as Seronorm, and the results obtained were in good agreement with quoted values. The method was then used to determine the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, and bromine in a random sampling of 62 individuals in an essentially Chinese population. The results are discussed. We feel that this is a suitable method for trace-element analysis of blood in an average laboratory. It is rapid, simple, and economical, besides being multielemental and nondestructive and requiring very small quantities—which seems to be a must in pediatrics.

Comparison of X-Ray Fluorescence, Atomic Absorption, and Gravimetric Methods for the Determination of Lead in Glassware

1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-612
Author(s):  
Manfred J Prager ◽  
Donald Graves
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Secondary Line ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Instrumental Methods

Abstract Methods were developed for determining per cent levels of lead in glassware by atomic absorption and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The procedures were evaluated by comparison with a gravimetric method, using previously analyzed commercial glass samples. For atomic absorption spectrometry, samples are dissolved in a mixture of HF and HNO3. Solutions are nebulized into an acetylene-air flame and absorption is measured at 261.4 nm, a secondary line used in order to avoid large dilutions. For x-ray fluorescence analysis, samples are fused, ground, and then pressed into pellets. The intensity of the Pb Lα line corrected for background is measured. Regression analysis of data obtained with 15 commercial glassware samples shows that there is no significant difference among x-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption, and gravimetric results. Statistical tests performed with data on 4 reference materials indicate satisfactory accuracy for both instrumental methods. The atomic absorption analysis is the fastest and simplest of the 3 methods.

Studies on Location of Acupoints with X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Based on Synchrotron Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2114-2119
Author(s):  
Chenglin Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Wang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Dongliang Chen ◽  
Juncai Dong
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Stomach Meridian ◽  
Tcm Theory ◽  
Calcium Iron

Acupuncture and moxibustion are commonly accepted treatments in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). One of the important issues of interest is determining the accurate location of acupoints in acupuncture. Modern high-technology methods were utilized to verify the accuracy of acupoint positions in TCM, reducing the uncertainty of manually locating the positions. The acupoint location was established according to the richness of trace elements (TEs). The relative content of TEs was perceived by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The distribution of TEs was determined after the dates were calibrated and the processes were optimized. The relative content of TEs was significantly different in acupoint and non-acupoint areas. There was an uneven distribution of calcium, iron, copper, and zinc in the sample. The relative content of these elements was increased in the acupuncture areas, and the standard deviation was also relatively large, especially for calcium, showing obvious enrichment. According to the enriched area of the TEs, the distance was about 6 mm between the conception channel and the kidney meridian, and the distance to the stomach meridian was about 23 mm for the rabbit sample. The position of the acupoints and spacing of meridians, which were determined according to the enrichment of TEs, were consistent with the TCM theory. The results show that synchrotron radiation-based XRF is a suitable method for determining the location of acupoints.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

XRMF applications of a monolithic, polycapillary, focusing x-ray optic

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
Ning Gao ◽  
G. J. Havrilla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Focal Spot ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Focal Distance ◽  
Spot Diameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Focal Spot Diameter

A monolithic, polycapillary, x-ray optic was adapted to a laboratory-based x-ray microprobe to evaluate the potential of the optic for x-ray micro fluorescence analysis. The polycapillary was capable of collecting x-rays over a 6 degree angle from a point source and focusing them to a spot approximately 40 µm diameter. The high intensities expected from this capillary should be useful for determining and mapping minor to trace elements in materials. Fig. 1 shows a sketch of the capillary with important dimensions.The microprobe had previously been used with straight and with tapered monocapillaries. Alignment of the monocapillaries with the focal spot was accomplished by electromagnetically scanning the focal spot over the beveled anode. With the polycapillary it was also necessary to manually adjust the distance between the focal spot and the polycapillary.The focal distance and focal spot diameter of the polycapillary were determined from a series of edge scans.

Sorption of Se (IV) from aqueous solutions with subsequent determination by X-ray fluorescence analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
D. G. Filatova ◽  
A. A. Arkhipenko ◽  
M. A. Statkus ◽  
V. V. Es’kina ◽  
V. B. Baranovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Phase Contact Time ◽  
Sorbent Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Subsequent Determination

An approach to sorptive separation of Se (IV) from solutions on a novel S,N-containing sorbent with subsequent determination of the analyte in the sorbent phase by micro-x-ray fluorescence method is presented. The sorbent copolymethylenesulfide-N-alkyl-methylenamine (CMA) was synthesized using «snake in the cage» procedure and proven to be stable in acid solutions. Conditions for quantitative extraction of Se (IV) were determined: sorption in 5 M HCl or 0.05 M HNO3 solutions when heated to 60°C, phase contact time being 1 h. The residual selenium content in the solution was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using 82Se isotope. The absence of selenium losses is proved and the mechanism of sorption interaction under specified conditions is proposed. The method of micro-x-ray fluorescence analysis (micro-RFA) with mapping revealed a uniform distribution of selenium on the sorbent surface. The possibility of determining selenium in the sorbent phase by micro-RFA is shown. When comparing the obtained results with the results of calculations by the method of fundamental parameters, it is shown the necessity of using standard samples of sorbates to obtain correct results of RFA determination of selenium in the sorbent phase.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document