scholarly journals Structural Features of Glands in the Sphincter Zones of the Large Intestine of an Adult

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
D. B. Nikityuk ◽  
V. M. Chuchkov ◽  
N. N. Chuchkova ◽  
N. T. Alexeeva ◽  
S. V. Klochkova
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
Similar Range

The aim is to study macro- and microscopic structure, as well as the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of large intestine of adults of different age groups.Material and methods. On autopsy material obtained from 30 people, without signs of pathology of the digestive tract of three age groups: 20–29 years, 50–59 years, 90–99 years, the structure of the glandular apparatus of the sphincter zones was studied. The areas of the Gerlach flap, Girsch sphincters, Payr–Strauss, Bally, O'bern–Pirogov–Moutier were considered. Quantitative morphometry was performed on histological preparations stained with methylene blue, followed by fixation in a saturated solution of ammonium molybdenum (picric acid), hematoxylin-eosin, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson. Methods of parametric statistics based on the Statistica 6.0 program were used for statistical data processing.Results. The analysis of the number, size and cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones of the large intestine revealed an increase in both the number of glands and their size in all age groups compared to the proximally adjacent areas of the intestine, on average by 1.3–1.5 times. In a similar range, individual indicators of the number of epithelial cells in the glands of the sphincter zones of the colon increased. At the same time, the cellular composition of the glands of the sphincter zones and adjacent areas of the intestinal wall was similar to neighboring areas, with predominant goblet-shaped epithelial cells (52.9–54.2% of cells on the longitudinal section of the gland) and the presence of absorption cells (29.9–31.2%), undifferentiated – 11.9–13.2% and argyrophilic endocrinocytes – 1.4–5.3%.Conclusion. Against the background of narrowing of the lumen of the large intestine in the area of the sphincters and changes in the nature of the mucous membrane, there is an increase in the size and density of the localization of glands in all age groups. This confirms the thesis about the formation of a protective barrier that provides a local adaptive potential of this area of the intestinal wall, against the background of increased mechanical effects of intestinal masses.

Study of functional state of microcirculatory channel system in periodontal tissues in persons of different age groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Orekhova ◽  
A. A. Petrov ◽  
E. S. Loboda ◽  
I. V. Berezkina ◽  
K. V. Shadrina
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group 12 ◽  
Therapeutic Measures

Relevance. The study of age-related features of microcirculation in periodontal tissues, using non-invasive functional research methods, allows us to develop the optimal range of therapeutic measures, as well as form a “personalized therapeutic case”.Purpose. Study of the functional state of the microvasculature in the tissues of the parodont in individuals of various age groups.Materials and methods. A standard dental examination of 80 patients was carried out, the sample of participants was ranked in 4 groups by age: 1 group – 12 years old, 2 group – 15 years old, 3 group – from 16 to 18 years old, 4 group – from 22 to 24 years old. Hygiene and periodontal indices were determined for all patients, such as papillarymarginal-alveolar (PMA) in the Parma modification, the Mulleman bleeding index in the Cowell modification (SBI), and the simplified Green Vermillion index of oral hygiene (OHI–s), caries intensity indicators for a permanent bite (CPI), as well as ultrasound dopplerography of periodontal tissues using the apparatus "Minimax-Doppler-K".Results. When studying microcirculation in periodontal tissues, distinctive characteristics of linear (Vas) and volumetric (Qas) blood flow rates, as well as indicators of pulsation indices (PI) and peripheral resistance (RI) in people of different age groups were recorded.Conclusions. This study confirms the presence of various hemodynamic indicators of periodontal tissues in the studied groups, which is due to structural features of the circulatory system in age periods.

scholarly journals Expression of IL-10 receptors on epithelial cells from the murine small and large intestine

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy L. Denning ◽  
Nicola A. Campbell ◽  
Fei Song ◽  
Roberto P. Garofalo ◽  
Gary R. Klimpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

scholarly journals Options for the formation of the psychosomatic spectrum disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Д. Д. Krasnov
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Service Personnel ◽  
Somatic Health ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

On the ground of longstanding research (1986-2012) of mental and somatic health of service personnel and draft age personnel, belonging to different age groups, three variants of psychosomatic relations formation were determined in the examined people: dysontogenetic, psychoorganic and disadaptive. Each option defined both particular way of psychosomatic status development and similar range of psychosomatic disorders.

The Colon, Appendix, Rectum, and Anus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I. Chu ◽  
Margaret M Romine
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Surgery ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vascular Anatomy ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Functional Features

The colon, appendix, rectum, and anus have unique anatomic features, both structural and functional, that contribute to normal and pathologic states. Structural features discussed in this review include the layers of the intestinal wall, vascular anatomy, lymphatic drainage, and innervation. Functional features highlighted include the role(s) each organ plays in immunity, nutrient absorption, electrolyte secretion, water absorption, continence, and elimination of waste. A clear understanding of these structural and functional details is the foundation on which surgical techniques and treatment strategies are based when addressing surgical pathology. Key words: anus, appendix, colon, colorectal pathology, colorectal surgery, rectum

scholarly journals Extracts and Marine Algae Polysaccharides in Therapy and Prevention of Inflammatory Diseases of the Intestine

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya N. Besednova ◽  
Tatyana S. Zaporozhets ◽  
Tatyana A. Kuznetsova ◽  
Ilona D. Makarenkova ◽  
Sergey P. Kryzhanovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious public health problem worldwide. Current therapeutic strategies that use anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressants, and biological treatments are often ineffective and have adverse health effects. In this regard, the use of natural compounds aimed at key pathogenic therapeutic targets in IBD attracts universal attention. Seaweed is a valuable source of structurally diverse biologically active compounds. The materials presented in the review indicate that seaweed extracts and polysaccharides are effective candidates for the development of drugs, biological food additives, and functional nutrition products for the treatment and prevention of IBD. The structural features of algal polysaccharides provide the possibility of exposure to therapeutic targets of IBD, including proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, nuclear factor NF-kB, intestinal epithelial cells, reactive oxygen and nitrogen. Further study of the relationship between the effect of polysaccharides from different types of algae, with different structure and molecular weights on immune and epithelial cells, intestinal microorganisms will contribute to a deeper understanding of their mechanisms and will help in the development of drugs, dietary supplements, functional foods for the treatment of patients with IBD.

Identification and localization of extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor in rat intestine

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. G122-G130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naibedya Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ivan Cheng ◽  
Kimberly Rogers ◽  
Daniela Riccardi ◽  
Amy Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Northern Analysis ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The extracellular calcium ([Formula: see text])-sensing receptor (CaR) plays vital roles in [Formula: see text] homeostasis, but no data are available on its expression in small and large intestine. Polymerase chain reaction products amplified from reverse-transcribed duodenal RNA using CaR-specific primers showed >99% homology with the rat kidney CaR. Northern analysis with a CaR-specific cRNA probe demonstrated 4.1- and 7.5-kb transcripts in all intestinal segments. Immunohistochemistry with CaR-specific antisera showed clear basal staining of epithelial cells of small intestinal villi and crypts and modest apical staining of the former, whereas there was both basal and apical staining of colonic crypt epithelial cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry also demonstrated CaR expression in Auerbach’s myenteric plexus of small and large intestines and in the submucosa in the region of Meissner’s plexus. Our results reveal CaR expression in several cell types of small and large intestine, in which it may modulate absorptive and/or secretomotor functions.

Peculiarities of the Gingiva Cellular Composition and Functional Activity of the Epithelial Cells among the Children Patients with Chronic Gastritis and Duodenitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Y.G. Romanenko ◽  
A.D. Matveeva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Chronic Gastritis ◽  
Functional Property ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Skin Cells

At the children with chronic gastritis and duodenitis was revealed destroyed of morphological - functional property of gums with prevalence of degenerative component, which is manifested by appearance of basal and parabasal cells (0.3%), increasing of intermediate epithelial cells (84.7%), decreasing amount of surface nucleated epithelial cells (11.7%), and nuclear-free dead skin cells (4.3%). Majority of cells was with cytopathology shifts (18.2%), polymorphonuclear leukocytes (92.3%) and lymphocytes (20.5%). The data obtained in the research showed that 23 (21.5%) of samples, taken from children with chronic gastritis and duodenitis revealed cells in the early stages of differentiation, accumulation of leukocytes and fibrin, which demonstrates erosions of the gums in the epithelial layer. Adhesion of epithelial cells with Candida albicans at the children with chronic gastritis and duodenitis indicates about changes functional properties of the epithelial cells, growing on a background of the somatic pathology.

scholarly journals Structural Features of Cultured Epithelial Cells from the Adult Rat Epididymis

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY E. OLSON ◽  
J. JONAS-DAVIES ◽  
LOREN H. HOFFMAN ◽  
MARIE-CLAIRE ORGEBIN-CRIST
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Cultured Epithelial Cells ◽  
Rat Epididymis

scholarly journals Postnatal development of rat colon epithelial cells is associated with changes in the expression of the β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase involved in the synthesis of Sda antigen of α2,6-sialyltransferase activity towards N-acetyl-lactosamine

1990 ◽  
Vol 270 (2) ◽  
pp. 519-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Dall'Olio ◽  
N Malagolini ◽  
G Di Stefano ◽  
M Ciambella ◽  
F Serafini-Cessi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Sialyltransferase Activity

beta 1,4-N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (beta 1,4GalNAc-transferase) and alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase are both involved in the biosynthesis of the Sda blood group antigen, which is also present in cells of large intestine. The expression of these enzymes and of alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase activity towards N-acetyl-lactosamine was investigated in rat intestinal cells and correlated with both cell differentiation and extent of postnatal maturation. The beta 1,4GalNAc-transferase activity was exclusively found in epithelial cells of the large intestine, preferentially in the proximal segments suggesting a proximal-distal gradient of expression. The beta 1,4GalNAc-transferase and alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase activity towards N-acetyl-lactosamine were expressed in all cell fractions of the colonic crypt, with a maximum activity in the deeply located cells; therefore Sda antigen biosynthesis appears to occur preferentially at a specific stage of cell differentiation. By using N-acetyl-lactosamine as an acceptor, the predominant sialyltransferase in the colon cells was that capable of adding sialic acid in the alpha 2,3- linkage, whereas in the ileum cells the major enzyme was that forming the alpha 2,6-isomer. There were dramatic changes in the expression of colonic beta 1,4GalNac-transferase and of alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase activity towards N-acetyl-lactosamine during postnatal maturation. The former enzyme, practically absent at birth, increased slowly in the first days of life and then rapidly after weaning; by contrast, the latter enzyme was largely expressed only in newborn animals. As the colonic alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase activity towards N-acetyl-lactosamine did not change during the postnatal period, the ratio between the alpha 2,6- and alpha 2,3-sialyltransferase activities was reversed after weaning.

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