scholarly journals Influence of Copper Pollution of Haplic Calcic Chernozem With Various Contents of Sand Fractions on Morphobiometric Indicators of Spring Barley

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Natalia Chernikova ◽  
Tamara Dudnikova ◽  
David Pinskii ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
...  

The growth and development of plants is one of the criteria for assessing the degree of soil pollution with heavy metals. Morphological and anatomical changes in test plants affected by pollutants, such as growth retardation, shoot bending, and decreased root length and mass, indicate the worsening of environmental conditions. The effect of various ratios of soil and sand polluted with copper (Cu) on morphobiometric parameters of spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum), Ratnik variety, was studied in a model vegetative experiment. Haplic calcic chernozem was used as a substrate with different ratios of soil/sand. It was determined that an addition of sand into the soil in the amounts of 25%, 50% and 75% of soil mass resulted in the alteration of the physical properties of the chernozem, which was reflected in the morphometric parameters of the plants. The most notable changes in the parameters were observed after pollution of soil-sand substrates with Cu(CH3COO)2 in the amounts of 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg. The maximum growth and development retardation of the barley plants was found at the maximum content of sand and the maximum concentration of Cu. The pollutant reduced the root length and, to a lesser degree, the height of the aboveground components of the plant, which as a result, decreased the total plant biomass. Keywords: trace elements, soil, agricultural crops, particle size distribution

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Wall

Wild, ball, and dog mustard growth and development were investigated by mathematical growth analysis in a greenhouse experiment. Plant height and total plant biomass over the growth period followed the trend wild mustard > ball mustard > dog mustard. Dog mustard plants had lower leaf areas than either wild or ball mustard. In a replacement series experiment, wild mustard was more competitive than either ball or dog mustard, and ball mustard was more competitive than dog mustard.


1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1955-1958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvin P. Pritts ◽  
James F. Hancock

The population structure and growth patterns of two populations of Solidago pauciflosculosa, a woody goldenrod, were investigated. Populations consisted of even-aged contagious patches of individuals, a dispersion pattern likely caused by the periodic appearance of microsites suitable for seedling establishment. The density of individuals within the even-aged clumps varied considerably and was correlated with total plant biomass and reproductive output. Density was not correlated with either reproductive or nonreproductive allocation patterns.


Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte C. Dietrich ◽  
Md Arifur Rahaman ◽  
Ana A. Robles-Aguilar ◽  
Sajid Latif ◽  
Kiatkamjon Intani ◽  
...  

Biochars have long been associated with elevating plant productivity. An increasing number of studies, however, report that char application might also impair plant nutrient availability and reduce yields. In particular, char accompanying compounds as well as a hypothesized immobilization of nitrogen have been identified as playing a significant role in possibly diminishing plant productivity following char application. Herein, we tested the fertilizing effects of modified biochars in order to derive knowledge required to develop tailor-made chars, which predictably affect plant nutrition. Slow-pyrolysis maize cob biochar was modified by washing with either ethanol or hydrochloric acid to remove ash and organic compounds or by loading it with nutrient-rich residues in the form of digestate from the bioenergy sector. Maize plants were grown for 35 days on biochar-amended sand. We analyzed both substrate properties (pH, total carbon, and nitrogen, available magnesium and potassium) and plant functional traits (biomass, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, specific leaf area). Our results suggest that total plant biomass production remained unaffected by the application of biochar and its washed forms. Contrastingly, nutrient-loaded biochar induced a significant increase in productivity at similar nutrient levels due to improved plant nutrient uptake. Further research is required to understand the role of biochar modifications that facilitated improvements in plant productivity.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Rohaizad Mislan ◽  
Z Sulaiman ◽  
WD Noordin ◽  
SNA Abdullah ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  

Effects of water frequencies on growth and physiological response of different clones of rubber were investigated. Different clones of rubber were screened with different watering frequencies as everyday watering (EW), every 2 days (E2D), every 3 days (E3D), every 5 days (E5D), and every 7 days (E7D). The treatments EW and E2D were found to be suitable for all the five clones for increasing as shown in plant height. A similar result was also found for plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of treatments. Noticeably, watering had a pronounced positive effect on clone RRIM 3001 and greatly increased vigorous growth as shown in its highest height, largest girth circumference and relative growth rate after 8 months of different watering frequencies. This clone equally showed superior performance with a significantly higher total plant biomass after 4 and 8 months of watering frequencies compared to the other four clones. The result could be used in water management and the clone RRIM 3001 could be suitable for rubber production at the nursery stage and replanting exercise in rubber plantations.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüsna Öztoprak ◽  
Susanne Walden ◽  
Thierry Heger ◽  
Michael Bonkowski ◽  
Kenneth Dumack

Environmental sequencing surveys of soils and freshwaters revealed high abundance and diversity of the Rhogostomidae, a group of omnivorous thecate amoebae. This is puzzling since only a few Rhogostomidae species have yet been described and only a handful of reports mention them in field surveys. We investigated the putative cryptic diversity of the Rhogostomidae by a critical re-evaluation of published environmental sequencing data and in-depth ecological and morphological trait analyses. The Rhogostomidae exhibit an amazing diversity of genetically distinct clades that occur in a variety of different environments. We further broadly sampled for Rhogostomidae species; based on these isolates, we describe eleven new species and highlight important morphological traits for species delimitation. The most important environmental drivers that shape the Rhogostomidae community were soil moisture, soil pH, and total plant biomass. The length/width ratio of the theca was a morphological trait related to the colonized habitats, but not the shape and size of the aperture that is often linked to moisture adaption in testate and thecate amoebae.


2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2019-2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margret MI van Vuuren ◽  
Adrianna A Muir ◽  
Colin M Orians

We compare responses to soil heterogeneity of red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and gray birch (Betula pop ulifolia Marsh.). Seedlings were grown with root systems split between two pots with soil: (i) without additional organic matter or nutrients ("no-addition" treatment), (ii) with additional organic matter and nutrients distributed evenly throughout the soil ("mixed" treatment), and (iii) with additional organic matter and nutrients concentrated in one pot ("patch" treatment). Compared with the no-addition treatment, mixed and patch treatments resulted in taller plants, and greater leaf and total plant dry masses for birch, while growth of maple was mostly unaffected. Birch root biomass was significantly increased in the organic patch. Specific root length of fine roots (<1 mm diameter) in the organic patch was twice as large for birch than for maple. Total plant biomass and N and P contents did not differ between mixed and patch treatments, possibly because the contrast between N and P concentrations between patch and non-patch soil was too small. In all treatments, birches took up more N than maples. In addition, the faster localized root growth and larger specific root length indicate a greater potential for birch than for maple to exploit heterogeneous soils.


2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
R. J. Lawn

Root and shoot attributes of 12 indigenous perennial accessions of the wild mungbean (Vigna radiata ssp. sublobata) were evaluated in early and late summer sowings in the field in SE Queensland. All but one of the accessions were obtained from the Townsville–Charters Towers region of NE Queensland. In both sowings, the accessions developed thickened tap and lateral roots, the taproot thickening extending to a depth of 0.20–0.30 m below the soil surface, depending on accession. The thickened lateral roots emerged from the taproot within 0.10 m of the soil surface, and extended laterally up to 1.10 m, remaining close to the soil surface. Differences among the accessions in gross root morphology and phenology were relatively small. There were differences among the accessions in the production of seed, tuberised root, and recovered total plant biomass. Depending on accession and sowing date, the tuberised roots accounted for up to 31% of recovered plant biomass and among accessions, the root biomass was positively correlated with total plant biomass. In contrast, seed biomass represented only a small proportion of recovered plant biomass, up to a maximum of 14%, depending on accession and sowing date. Among accessions, the proportion of seed biomass tended to be negatively correlated with that of tuber biomass. The perennial trait appears to be unique to Australian accessions of wild mungbean obtained from coastal-subcoastal, speargrass-dominant woodlands of NE Queensland. Although the ecological significance of the trait remains conjectural, field observation indicates that it facilitates rapid plant re-growth following early summer rainfall, especially where dry-season fire has removed previous-season above-ground growth.


HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 859F-859
Author(s):  
Jill C. Larimer ◽  
Dan Struve

ln Spring 1993, red oaks (Quercus rubra) were propagated from seed. From June through October, plants were fertilized twice daily with 1.4 liters of 20N–10P–20K water-soluble fertilizer solution at concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 200, or 400 ppm N. Destructive harvests were conducted six times at intervals from June through Dec. 1993. Leaf area, stem height, root length, root area, and dry weights of roots, stem, and leaves of harvested plants were measured and tissue nutrient concentrations were analyzed. There was no relationship between whole-plant N concentration and total plant biomass (r = 0). However, there were some linear relationships between total plant N and total plant biomass for an individual fertilizer treatment. Biomass allocation between root, stems, and leaves was very consistent across all fertilizer levels at any one harvest. Percent total N in roots, stems, and leaves also was fairly consistent across fertilizer levels. This was true at each harvest, except the first two, in which a greater percentage of total N was partitioned to the leaves and a smaller percentage was partitioned to the roots in the high (100, 200, 400 ppm N) fertilizer treatments. Whole-plant K concentrations increased with increasing fertilizer level, but decreased over time. Whole-plant P concentrations increased linearly with whole-plant dry weight in the higher (100, 200, 400 ppm N) fertilizer treatments.


2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
N.W. Waipara ◽  
C.J. Winks ◽  
L.A. Smith ◽  
J.P. Wilkie

Japanese honeysuckle is rapidly increasing as a weed throughout most of the North Island and northern South Island of New Zealand A classical biological control programme was initiated in 20042005 with a survey of the natural invertebrate fauna and pathogens associated with the weed in New Zealand The honeysuckle was being attacked by a diverse range of native and introduced invertebrates But overall the damage was minimal and none of the herbivore niches on the weed were well utilised implying that exotic agents may have a chance of inflicting additional damage that might be sufficient to control the species Most damage was caused by foliage feeders such as lepidopterous larvae and thrips but this affected less than 5 of total plant biomass Primary and secondary foliar pathogens such as Pseudocercospora lonicerae Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Insolibasidium deformans and Phoma spp were frequently recorded Potential use of these natural enemies for weed biocontrol is discussed


2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.X. Yang ◽  
H. Deng ◽  
M.S. Li

A wide-spread subtropical tree species, <I>Schima superba (Theaceae)</I>, occurring in a Mn mine wasteland, was found to contain unusually high Mn content in the leaf tissues. A pot growth experiment with different Mn treatments was conducted to further illustrate its Mn tolerance, accumulation and relocation capacity. <I>Schima</I> saplings grew well and showed no symptoms of Mn toxicity with Mn supply below 60 mmol/l. Total plant biomass decreased with the increase of Mn supply, but Mn contents in tissues increased significantly, and peaked (62 412.3 mg/kg) in stem at 150 mmol/l treatment. Under all treatments, Mn concentrations in the aboveground tissues were constantly greater than those in roots. When the external Mn supply was over 40 mmol/l, the Mn levels in the leaves and stems all exceeded 10 000 mg/kg, the suggested value for Mn hyperaccumulation. Most of the Mn taken from the substrates were transported to the aboveground tissues, e.g. over 86% accumulated in the aboveground parts at 150 mmol/l treatment. These findings confirmed that Schima superba is a Mn hyperaccumulator.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document