scholarly journals MAXIMIZING IN VITRO EMBRYO PRODUCTION IN CATTLE

SPERMOVA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Camila Bortoliero Costa ◽  
◽  
Tamires Korchovei Sanches ◽  
Mariana Moreira dos Anjos ◽  
Deborah Nakayama Yokomizo ◽  
...  

In vitro embryo production (IVEP) is used to develop high-quality genetics associated with intergenerational genetic gain. It is characterized by acquisition (in vivo or post-mortem) and maturation (MIV) of oocytes from donors, followed by fertilization (FIV) of matured oocytes and culture (IVC) of embryos, which are then sent to transferred or cryopreserved. Even with extensive knowledge on IVEP, some biochemical and hormonal regulations that involve embryonic development are still unknown, leading to a low overall efficiency of the biotechnological process. Although in vitro developed embryos have a lower quality than that produced in vivo, in terms of resistance to challenging events, IVEP presents itself as a potential biotechnology. In cattle breeding, reproductive biotechnologies are key to increase and improve the genetic improvement of the herd, associated with productive and reproductive efficiency. In this article, the steps and strategies of IVEP and its contribution to reproduction in the cattle sector are discussed.

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M.T.E. Lansbergen ◽  
E.H.A.T. Hanenberg ◽  
A.M. van Wagtendonk-de Leeuw

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
J.R. Miles ◽  
C.E. Farin ◽  
K.F. Rodriguez ◽  
J.E. Alexander ◽  
P.W. Farin

The role of the vascular supply in the development of placentas from embryos produced in vitro is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of in vitro embryo production on morphometry of blood vessels within fetal (cotyledonary) and maternal (caruncular) components of the placentome during late gestation. In vivo-produced embryos were recovered from superovulated Holstein cows on Day 7 after estrus. For in vitro embryo production, oocytes were aspirated from the ovaries of Holstein cows, matured in vitro, and then fertilized. Presumptive zygotes with their cumulus cells were transferred into M-199 with 10% estrus cow serum and cultured for 168h post-insemination. Semen from the same Holstein sire was used for the production of in vivo and in vitro embryos. Single blastocysts from each production system were transferred into the uteri of heifers. On Day 222 of gestation, fetuses and placentas were recovered in utero (in vivo, n=12; in vitro, n=12). Placentomes were collected, fixed and sectioned. Fetal and maternal blood vessels were identified within placentome sections using immunocytochemistry for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein. A total of 4.8×105μm2 of tissue were examined from each placentome. Stereological methods were used to determine the volume densities of fetal and maternal blood vessels. Data were analyzed by GLM procedures. Fetuses were heavier (P=0.03) in the in vitro group (20.7±1.0kg, LS mean±SEM) compared to the in vivo group (17.3±1.0kg). Placentas were also heavier (P=0.06) for the in vitro group (2.5±0.2kg) compared to the in vivo group (2.0±0.2kg). Placental efficiency, calculated as fetal weight/placental weight, was similar between the two treatment groups (9.0±0.5 and 8.9±0.5 for in vivo and in vitro, respectively). Fetal vascular volume density in placentomes was not different between the two treatment groups (5.4±0.3% and 5.4±0.3% for in vivo and in vitro, respectively). In contrast, maternal vascular volume density was greater (P=0.02) for placentomes in the in vitro group (5.9±0.3%) compared to in vivo controls (4.9±0.3%). In summary, compared to placentomes from embryos produced in vivo, placentomes from embryos produced in vitro had similar volume density of fetal vessels, but had significantly increased volume density of maternal vessels. Supported by the State of North Carolina.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez-Ajofrín ◽  
María Iniesta-Cuerda ◽  
Patricia Peris-Frau ◽  
Alicia Martín-Maestro ◽  
Daniela-Alejandra Medina-Chávez ◽  
...  

A major limiting factor for the development of in vitro embryo production (IVP) in wild species, such as Iberian red deer, compared to livestock animals is the poor availability and limited access to biological material. Thus, the use of post-mortem ovaries from slaughtered animals represent a source of oocytes for the large scale production of embryos needed for research and to improve the efficiency of IVP. However, these oocytes are not as developmentally competent as their in vivo counterparts. Moreover, oocytes are usually obtained from ovaries that have been transported for long distances, which may also affect their quality. In order to overcome the issues associated with prolonged storage times of post-mortem material, in this study we examined the effect of melatonin supplementation to the ovary transport medium on oocyte quality, embryo yield, and blastocyst quality in Iberian red deer. When necessary, sheep was used as an experimental model due to the large number of samples required for analysis of oocyte quality parameters. Oocytes were in vitro matured and assessed for early apoptosis; DNA fragmentation; reactive oxygen species (ROS); reduced glutathione (GSH) content, mitochondrial membrane potential, and distribution; and relative abundance of mRNA transcript levels. After in vitro fertilization, embryo rates and blastocyst quality were also investigated. The results revealed that melatonin treatment significantly increased intracellular level of GSH in sheep oocytes. Moreover, the percentage of cleavage and blastocyst yield in red deer was greater compared to the Control group and there was lower abundance of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related SHC1, TP53, and AKR1B1 mRNA transcripts in blastocysts for the Melatonin group. In conclusion, the supplementation of melatonin to the ovary storage medium had a positive effect on the developmental competence and quality of resulting blastocysts in Iberian red deer.


2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
H. Tribulo ◽  
J. Carcedo ◽  
R. Tribulo ◽  
J. Menajovsky ◽  
B. Bernal ◽  
...  

An experiment was designed to evaluate in vivo and in vitro embryo production following the use of frozen–thawed conventional or Y-sexed semen from a Brangus bull with known high fertility. For in vivo embryo production, Brangus heifers (n = 12) were superovulated twice in a crossover design and inseminated with sexed or conventional semen. On Day 0, all heifers received an intravaginal progesterone device (DIB 1 g, Syntex S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina) and 2.5 mg oestradiol benzoate and 50 mg progesterone (Progestar, Syntex S.A.) by intramuscular injection (IM). On Day 4, heifers were superstimulated with 200 mg of NIH-FSH-P1 Folltropin-V (Bioniche Animal Health, Belleville, Ontario, Canada) in twice-daily decreasing doses over 4 days. In the a.m. and p.m. of Day 6, all heifers received PGF2a (Ciclase, Syntex) and DIBs were removed in the p.m.. In the a.m. of Day 8, heifers received 100 μg de Gonadolerin (Gonasyn, Syntex S.A.) and were randomly allocated to receive either one straw of conventional semen (24 × 106 sperm per dose) 12 and 24 h later or two straws of sexed semen (2.4 × 106 sperm per dose) 18 and 24 h after GnRH. Ova/embryos were collected nonsurgically on Day 15 and evaluated following IETS recommendations. Means were compared by t-test. Mean ( ± s.e.m.) number of ova/embryos, fertilized ova, and transferable embryos were 14.8 ± 2.7, 9.4 ± 1.8, and 7.1 ± 1.7 v. 16.8 ± 3.1, 9.9 ± 2.5, and 8.1 ± 2.0 for donors inseminated with conventional or sexed semen, respectively (P > 0.6). For in vitro production, oocytes were obtained from 50 ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (OPU) sessions that was performed at random stages of the oestrous cycle and without superstimulation in 22 Brangus cows and heifers. Oocytes were classified and matured in TCM-199 medium with NaHCO3 and supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum. Semen samples from the same bull used for in vivo embryo production were selected using Percoll and capacitated in Fert medium and used at a final concentration of sperm/mL for nonsexed semen and 2 × 106 sperm mL–1 for sexed semen. After 16 h (sexed) or 18 h (conventional) in Fert medium, zygotes were denuded and cultured in SOF supplemented with 0.4% BSA under oil at 37°C, 5% CO2 and saturated humidity for 7 days. The total number of oocytes matured and fertilized was 528 and 318 for conventional and sexed semen, respectively. Means were compared by t-test and proportions by chi-squared test. Mean (± s.e.m.) number of cleaved zygotes and blastocysts produced per OPU session did not differ between conventional (11.0 ± 1.4 and 7.1 ± 1.0) and sexed (8.7 ± 0.8 and 4.9 ± 0.7; P > 0.2) semen. However, the proportion of cleaved zygotes and blastocysts produced were significantly higher (P < 0.05) with conventional semen (61.2%; 329/538 and 39.4%; 212/538) than with sexed semen (54.4%; 173/318 and 30.8%; 98/318), respectively. In conclusion, comparable number of embryos can be obtained in vivo with sexed or conventional semen from a bull with proven high fertility. However, the proportion of blastocysts produced in vitro is likely to be reduced following the use of sexed as compared with conventional semen from the same bull.


1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L Goodhand ◽  
R.G Watt ◽  
M.E Staines ◽  
J.S.M Hutchinson ◽  
P.J Broadbent

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
P. Davies ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. Thundathil ◽  
G. Brogliatti ◽  
D. Bergfelt ◽  
...  

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Vajta ◽  
P. Holm ◽  
T. Greve ◽  
H. Callesen

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