scholarly journals The relationship between the genetic status of the Vrn-1 locus and the size of the root system in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 805-811
Author(s):  
O. G. Smirnova ◽  
T. A. Pshenichnikova
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Gene Networks ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Root Size

One of the main ways to fine-tune the adaptive potential of wheat cultivars is to regulate the timing of flowering using the genes of the Vrn-1 locus, which determines the type and rate of development. Recently, with the use of introgression and isogenic lines of bread wheat, it was shown that this locus is involved in the genetic control of root length and weight both under irrigation and drought conditions. It turned out that the VrnA1 gene is associated with a significant decrease in the size of the root system in a winter genotype. The Vrn-A1 gene had the strongest effect on the reduction of the root system in comparison with the homoeoallelic genes Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. The aim of this work was to determine whether the allelic composition of the genes at the Vrn-1 locus affects the root size in seven spring cultivars and in two lines of bread wheat differing in flowering time under conditions of normal watering and drought. The research was carried out in a hydroponic greenhouse; drought was created at the tillering stage. In this work, we have shown that early flowering wheat cultivars with the dominant Vrn-A1а allele have more lightweight and shorter roots under normal watering conditions compared to the late flowering carriers of the dominant homoeoalleles Vrn-B1 and Vrn-D1. In drought conditions, the root length decreased insignificantly, but the weight of the roots significantly decreased in all genotypes, with the exception of Diamant 2. It has been hypothesized that the level of the transcription factor VRN-1 at the onset of drought may affect the size of the root system. The large variability in root weight may indicate the participation, in addition to the Vrn-1 locus, of other gene networks in the formation of this trait. Breeders working to develop early maturing varieties should consider the possibility of reducing the root size, especially in arid conditions. A significant increase in the root size of line 821 with introgressions into chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 5A from T. timopheevii indicates the possibility of using congeners as a source of increasing the trait in wheat.

scholarly journals ROOT GROWTH OF CHINESE JUNIPER DURING THE FIRST THREE YEARS AFTER PLANTING

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1064e-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L.) Var. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana' and `Hetzii' 1, 2 and 3 years after planting into a simulated landscape from 10-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system increased quadratically averaging 1, 2 m/year; whereas, mean branch spread increased at 0, 33 m/year, Three years after planting, root spread was 2, 75 times branch spread and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant (71-77%) during the first 3 years following planting. Root length density per unit area increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. In the first 2 years after planting shoot weight increased faster than root `weight. However, during the third year after planting, the root system increased in mass and size at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight within root-diameter classes, Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk area, branch spread and crown area.

scholarly journals Growth Dynamics following Planting of Cultivars of Juniperus chinensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Michael E. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Juniperus Chinensis ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Root Spread

Shoot and root growth were measured on Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis L. `Torulosa', `Sylvestris', `Pfitzeriana', and `Hetzii') 1, 2, and 3 years after planting from 1l-liter black plastic containers. Mean diameter of the root system expanded quadratically, whereas mean branch spread increased linearly. Three years after planting, root spread was 2.75 times branch spread, and roots covered an area 5.5 times that covered by the branches. Percentage of total root length located within the dripline of the plants remained fairly constant for each cultivar during the 3 years following planting. Root length density increased over time but decreased with distance from the trunk. During the first 2 years after planting, shoot mass increased faster than root mass. In the 3rd year, the root system increased in mass at a faster rate than the shoots. Root length was correlated with root weight. Root spread and root area were correlated with trunk cross-sectional area, branch spread, and crown area.

Estimating genetic diversity in Greek durum wheat landraces with RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mantzavinou ◽  
Penelope J. Bebeli ◽  
Pantouses J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, the genetic diversity of 19 Greek landraces and 9 cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)] was studied. Two commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and one genotype of Triticum monococcum L. were also included in the study. Eighty-seven arbitrary primers (10-mer) were evaluated in a preliminary experiment and 15 of them were selected for the main experiments based on the quality and reliability of their amplification and the polymorphism they revealed. A total of 150 DNA bands were obtained, 125 (83.3%) of which were polymorphic. On average, 10 DNA bands were amplified per primer, 8.3 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between all pairs of genotypes was evaluated using the Jaccard’s or Nei and Li’s coefficients; the values of the former ranged from 0.153 to 0.973 while those of the latter were slightly higher (0.265–0.986). Cluster analysis was conducted by the UPGMA and the Njoin methods. Both methods broadly placed 26 durum genotypes into 1 branch while the other branch consisted of 2 subgroups: 1 included the 2 bread wheat cultivars; the other 1 consisted of 2 durum landraces, ‘Kontopouli’ and ‘Mavrotheri-Chios’, which showed an intruiging behaviour sharing bands with the bread wheat cultivars. The T. monococcum cultivar stood apart from all other genotypes.

scholarly journals Determination of the Effects of Mineral on Seed Yield by Different Statistic Methods in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Drought Conditions

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Murat OLGUN ◽  
Okan Sezer ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
Zekiye Budak Başçiftçi ◽  
Nazife Gözde Ayter Arpacıoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Drought Conditions

scholarly journals Genotypic variability of root and shoot traits of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at seedling stage

Genetika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 687-702
Author(s):  
Milica Blazic ◽  
Dejan Dodig ◽  
Vesna Kandic ◽  
Dragoslav Djokic ◽  
Tomislav Zivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Seminal Roots ◽  
Primary Root Length

The evaluation of the embryonic root and stem of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the early stage of development (seedling stage) can be a powerful tool in wheat breeding aimed at obtaining progenies with a greater early vigour. It is revealed that genotypes with faster early vigour have produced higher biomass and grain yield. In this study, the evaluation of traits of the embryonic root and the embryonic stem of 101 bread wheat genotypes was preformed at the 10-day old seedlings. The following eight morphological traits of roots and stems were analysed: primary root length, branching interval, the number of roots, total length of lateral roots, angle of seminal roots, stem length, root dry weight and the stem dry weight. Analysed lateral roots included seminal roots. The greatest, i.e. the smallest variability of observed traits was detected in the branching interval, i.e. the stem length, respectively. The highest positive correlation was determined between the primary root length and the total length of lateral roots. The cluster analysis, based on observed traits, shows that genotypes were clearly divided into two main clusters, A and B. The two clusters essentially differed from each other in the values of the following traits: primary root length, total length of lateral roots, root dry weight, stem dry weight and the stem length. Genotypes with shorter primary and lateral roots, lower root and stem dry weight and a shorter stem were grouped in the cluster B. On the other hand, the cluster A encompassed genotypes with values of these traits above or around the average. The values of the remaining analysed traits: the angle of seminal roots, the number of lateral roots and the branching interval varied greatly between obtained clusters. The cluster analysis showed the homogeneity of genotypes originating from Serbia and the region; their values of the root and stem length and weight were mostly around and below the average. However, the values of the angle of seminal roots, number of lateral roots and the branching interval were above average.

scholarly journals Deciphering the change in root system architectural traits under limiting and non-limiting phosphorus in Indian bread wheat germplasm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0255840
Author(s):  
Palaparthi Dharmateja ◽  
Manjeet Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Pandey ◽  
Pranab Kumar Mandal ◽  
Prashanth Babu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
System Architectures ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Use Efficiency

The root system architectures (RSAs) largely decide the phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of plants by influencing the phosphorus uptake. Very limited information is available on wheat’s RSAs and their deciding factors affecting phosphorus uptake efficiency (PupE) due to difficulties in adopting scoring values used for evaluating root traits. Based on our earlier research experience on nitrogen uptake efficiency screening under, hydroponics and soil-filled pot conditions, a comprehensive study on 182 Indian bread wheat genotypes was carried out under hydroponics with limited P (LP) and non-limiting P (NLP) conditions. The findings revealed a significant genetic variation, root traits correlation, and moderate to high heritability for RSAs traits namely primary root length (PRL), total root length (TRL), total root surface area (TSA), root average diameter (RAD), total root volume (TRV), total root tips (TRT) and total root forks (TRF). In LP, the expressions of TRL, TRV, TSA, TRT and TRF were enhanced while PRL and RAD were diminished. An almost similar pattern of correlations among the RSAs was also observed in both conditions except for RAD. RAD exhibited significant negative correlations with PRL, TRL, TSA, TRT and TRF under LP (r = -0.45, r = -0.35, r = -0.16, r = -0.30, and r = -0.28 respectively). The subclass of TRL, TSA, TRV and TRT representing the 0–0.5 mm diameter had a higher root distribution percentage in LP than NLP. Comparatively wide range of H’ value i.e. 0.43 to 0.97 in LP than NLP indicates that expression pattern of these traits are highly influenced by the level of P. In which, RAD (0.43) expression was reduced in LP, and expressions of TRF (0.91) and TSA (0.97) were significantly enhanced. The principal component analysis for grouping of traits and genotypes over LP and NLP revealed a high PC1 score indicating the presence of non-crossover interactions. Based on the comprehensive P response index value (CPRI value), the top five highly P efficient wheat genotypes namely BW 181, BW 103, BW 104, BW 143 and BW 66, were identified. Considering the future need for developing resource-efficient wheat varieties, these genotypes would serve as valuable genetic sources for improving P efficiency in wheat cultivars. This set of genotypes would also help in understanding the genetic architecture of a complex trait like P use efficiency.

scholarly journals Determination of Main Plant Sterols in Turkish Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by GC-MS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halil Erdem ◽  
Yener K. Tosun ◽  
Mohammed Akkbik ◽  
Orhan Hazer
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Common Plant ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

Plant sterols are belong to triterpenes family of natural products which includes more than 200 different types of plant sterols and more than 4000 other types of triterpenes. The optimization of method, specially the derivatization step as well as the corresponding analytical validation, is the main goal of this study. The optimum temperature, time and reagent volume of derivatization step were obtained at 60°C, 60 minutes and 50 µL, respectively. A rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of the most common plant sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol) in 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars using GC-MS-SIM. Separation of β-cholestanol (I.S), campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was achieved on Rxi (5Sil MS) column (60 m×0.25 mm). The limits of detection for β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol were 0.074, 0.054 and 0.064 mg kg-1, respectively with RSD ≤ 0.66%. The obtained concentrations of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol from 20 Turkish bread wheat cultivars ranged from: 15.30 to 76.02, 4.27 to 23.23 and 303.21 to 682.66 mg kg-1, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Biochar Application on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Roots Under Long‑Term Drought Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615-1622
Author(s):  
Zdenek Svoboda ◽  
Jaroslav Záhora ◽  
Helena Dvořáčková
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Lower Production

The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of applying biochar and activated carbon on winter wheat affected by drought in model laboratory conditions. Cultivation tests of the soil‑microorganisms‑plant (winter wheat) system were focused on understanding the interactions between microbial soil communities and experimental plants in response to specific cultivation measures, in combination with the modelled effect of drought. The containers were formed as a split‑root rhizotron. In this container experiment, the root system of one and the same plant was divided into two separate compartments where into one half, biochar or activated carbon has been added. The other half without additives was a control. Plants favoured the formation of the root system in the treated part of the container under both drought and irrigation modes. In drought mode there was lower production of CO2, lower overall length and surface of the roots of winter wheat compared to variants in irrigation mode. The application of biochar and activated carbon, therefore, supported the colonization of roots by mycorrhiza in general. The Scientific merit of this paper was to investigate the possibility of mitigating the effects of a long‑term drought on winter wheat through the application of biochar or the application of activated carbon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document