scholarly journals Screening of Effective Media for the Growth of Pyricularia grisea under In-vitro Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-135
Author(s):  
Ajay Singh Kaurav ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Effective Media

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucoma (L.) R. Br.], belongs to family Poaceae (section Paniceae), is the world’s hardiest warm-season cereal crop with the annual rainfall of 150 mm to 1000 mm.Maximum mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose carrot agar medium (86.33 mm) followed by Pearl millet Potato dextrose agar (83.67 mm), potato dextrose agar (78.33 mm), Pearl millet carrot dextrose agar (71.67 mm), Pearl millet potato agar (68.33 mm), Carrot dextrose agar (60.67 mm), Pearl millet grain potato dextrose agar (58.33 mm), Oat meal agar (51.67 mm), Pearl millet dextrose agar (51.67 mm), Calcium carbonate agar (42.67 mm), Malt agar (41.00 mm), Water agar (37.33 mm), Pearl millet grain dextrose agar (35.33 mm), Pearl millet agar (30.00) and Yeast extract agar (28.33 mm) while minimum growth was recorded in Pearl millet grain agar (27.33 mm).

scholarly journals Growth and sporulation of Metarhizium flavoviride var. Flavoviride on culture media and lighting regimes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sideney Becker Onofre ◽  
Cindia Mara Miniuk ◽  
Neiva Monteiro de Barros ◽  
João Lúcio Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Metarhizium Flavoviride ◽  
Conidia Production

Entomopathogenic fungi from the genus Metarhizium are largely used for the biological control of agricultural pests by conidia spreading on the field. Although conidia production is well studied in M. anisopliae, only few research studies were done in M. flavoviride. The present work was carried out alming to evaluate the Mycelial growth and sporulation of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium flavoviride var. flavoviride growing at 27 ± 2°C on Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA), Czapek-agar (CZP) and a complete agar medium (CM) under three lighting regimes, (continuous illumination, light/dark cycle and an black light/dark cycle) were investigated. A completely randomized 3 × 3 (culture media × lighting regime) factorial design with four replicates was used. The best mycelial growth and sporulation occurred on the PDA and CM media under continuous illumination (P <= 0,05).

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Phytophthora nicotianae From Tobacco to Fluopicolide, Mandipropamid, and Oxathiapiprolin

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2119-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianli Qu ◽  
Yuanyuan Shao ◽  
Alexander S. Csinos ◽  
Pingsheng Ji
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Nicotianae ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Pathogen Population ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Black Shank

Black shank incited by Phytophthora nicotianae is a devastating disease in the production of tobacco. Fungicides have been commonly used for managing the disease; however, there is only a narrow pool of effective fungicides. A few new fungicides became available in recent years, including fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin, which reduced diseases incited by oomycetes under field conditions. Limited information is available regarding sensitivity of P. nicotianae isolates to these new fungicides. Research was conducted to determine effects of the three new fungicides on P. nicotianae isolates from tobacco in Georgia. Studies with 106 isolates indicated that they did not grow when agar medium was amended with the fungicides at the rate of 1 μg/ml. Twenty isolates were used for in vitro studies to determine sensitivity to the fungicides. Fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin inhibited mycelial growth of the isolates with mean EC50 values (effective concentrations that provide 50% growth reduction) of 0.09, 0.04, and 0.001 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values of fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin for inhibiting sporangial formation were 0.15, 0.03, and 0.0002 μg/ml, respectively. EC50 values for suppressing zoospore germination averaged 0.16, 0.04, and 0.002 μg/ml for fluopicolide, mandipropamid, and oxathiapiprolin, respectively. Results from the study indicated that P. nicotianae isolates from tobacco in Georgia were sensitive to the fungicides, with lower EC50 for oxathiapiprolin than for fluopicolide and mandipropamid. The information on effectiveness and baseline sensitivity of fungicides on P. nicotianae will facilitate monitoring of resistance development in the pathogen population.

scholarly journals Use of water restriction in the inoculation of carrot seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-422
Author(s):  
Ricardo Borges Pereira ◽  
Tiago B. Torres ◽  
Patrícia Pereira da Silva ◽  
Gilvaine C. Lucas ◽  
Jadir Borges Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

Abstract: This study aimed at evaluating the method of inoculation of carrot seeds in a potato-dextrose-agar medium (PDA) added of mannitol. Alternaria radicina was the fungus chosen to test such methodology. The osmosis-controlling agent was employed to obtain the osmotic potentials of 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa. In comparison with the control treatment, no significant mycelial growth inhibition was noticed at any of the osmotic potentials considered. The seeds were distributed over the fungal colonies for infection, where they remained for 48, 72, 96, 120 and 144 hours, at the osmotic potentials of 0.0 MPa (control), 0.6 MPa, 0.8 MPa, 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa, respectively. Tests of germination, sanitization and emergence were performed to evaluate the effects of colonization. Regarding the germination, the different osmotic potentials resulted in similar percentages of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds. As for the sanitization testing, higher infection rates were observed at the osmotic potentials of 1.0 MPa and 1.2 MPa. The lowest percentage of emergence was found at -1.2 MPa, therefore suggesting that this osmotic potential (produced with mannitol) might be used for infecting carrot seeds for research purposes.

scholarly journals Effect of Agrochemicals Used in the Cultivation of Soybean and Irrigated Rice on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Vanessa P. Gonçalves ◽  
Cândida R. J. de Farias ◽  
Victoria Moreira-Nunêz ◽  
Renata Moccellin ◽  
Viviana Gaviria-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Spray Method ◽  
Fungitoxic Effect

The objective of this work was to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of the agrochemicals used in the cultivation of soybean and irrigated rice on entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae by means of the mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination. The isolates were inoculated in potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) medium containing the pesticides and exposed to spraying with the products. It was observed that chlorantraniliprole produced the best results regarding and was compatible with the two methods of contact of the product with the fungi. Flubendiamide it&rsquo;s very toxic to fungi, producing 100% inhibition when incorporated into the medium, when by spraying, the fungus M. anisopliae got mycelial growth. Etofenprox and thiamethoxam changed their toxity classification according to the method of contact with product, was moderately compatible to B. bassiana and compatible to M. anisopliae and spinosad showed more compatibility with M. anisopliae than B. bassiana and was classified as compatible. Among fungicides the tricyclazole was the only compatible with the fungus by the spray method. The results showed that in vitro agrochemicals such as tricyclazole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide and etofenprox are harmful to fungi. It was found that environmental interference could minimize the effects on organisms, especially when the chemicals are applied by spraying.

In Vitro efficacy of essential oils on mycelial growth of Magnaporthe griseaca using blast in basmati rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
Vipin Kumar ◽  
Prashant Mishra ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Raju .
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Pyricularia Grisea ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Poison Food Technique

Management of Pyriculari agrisea by eco-friendly approaches is promising. In this study the essential oils from Coriander sativum (Coriander), Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) were tested against Pyricularia grisea in vitro by poison food technique. The pure culture of P. grisea was allowed to grow at 300ppm, 500ppm and 1000ppm concentration of essential oils on PDA medium. Clove oil was found most effective to inhibit mycelial growth completely at 300, 500 and 1000ppm after72 hrs, 96 hrs and 120 hrs. Next effective oil was observed neem oil followed by coriander oil. This indicated that clove oil is most effective against P. oryzae pathogen. Neem and coriander oil is less effective. The results of the current study indicated that each of the three essential oils tested, reduced the radial growth of P. oryzae.

In vitro growth of some species of Ascochyta Lib.

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1083
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kosiada
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Oatmeal Agar ◽  
The Family ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

AbstractFungi from the genus Ascochyta are generally facultative saprotrophs, which cause diseases in both monocots and dicots. Over 1 000 species belonging to this genus have been identified, 18 of which infect monocot plants from the family Poaceae. This study analyses the effects of temperature and light on the growth of selected fungi which infect monocots (A. agrostidis, A. avenae, A. brachypodii, A. desmazieri, A. digraphidis, A. ducis-aprutii, A. festucae, A. graminea, A. hordei, A. hordei var. americana, A. hordei var. europea, A. hordei var. hordei, A. melicae, A. phleina, A. skagwayensis, A. sorghi, A. stipae, A. zeicola), grown on three types of media; Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), Coon’s agar (CN) and oatmeal agar (OMA). The fastest growth among the analyzed fungi at low temperatures was found in Ascochyta melicae, while at high temperatures it was A. zeicola. The fastest in vitro growth (average of all fungi) was observed on CN medium at 20°C (3.4 mm/day), while the lowest on OM medium at 5°C (1.0 mm/day). Radial mycelial growth in dark and the light conditions varied. On average, all isolates grew faster in the dark (3.1 mm/day) than in the light (1.9 mm/day). The greatest effect on the production of pycnidia was found for the isolates. Variation in growth and production of pycnidia depended on temperature, medium and lighting for fungi from the genus Ascochyta infecting monocots. Such variation indicates a potential occurrence of these fungi in different environments.

scholarly journals Cultural variability among nine isolates of Urocystis agropyri on wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351
Author(s):  
SS Karwasra ◽  
MS Beniwal ◽  
ML Chhabra
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Flag Smut ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Slow Growing

Four temperatures and five different media were tested for cultural variability of nine geographical isolates of Urocystis agropyri (Preuss.) Schroet causing flag smut of wheat. Urocystis agropyri is extremely slow growing pathogen and each isolate responded differently at different temperatures. All the isolates/ collections grew well at 20°C after 45, 60, and 70 days after incubation. Ambala isolate was fast growing. PDA medium was found to be most suitable for the growth of all the nine isolates/collections. The average mycelial growth was also maximum on Potato Dextrose Agar Medium followed by Corn Meal Dextrose Agar, Oat Meal Dextrose Agar, Grain Meal Dextrose Agar and minimum on Wheat Meal Dextrose Agar. Key Words: Variability, media, isolates, wheat. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1593 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 347-351, September 2008

scholarly journals In vitro sensitivity of Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides to carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole and prochloraz

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Ivic ◽  
Zdravka Sever ◽  
Biljana Kuzmanovska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
In Vitro Sensitivity

Growth of 13 F. graminearum isolates, 6 F. avenaceum isolates and 6 F. verticillioides isolates was analysed on potato-dextrose agar amended with 0.1, 0.33, 1, 3.3 and 10 mg l-1 of carbendazim, tebuconazole, flutriafol, metconazole, and prochloraz. Average concentration which reduced mycelial growth by 50% comparing it to control (EC50) was calculated for each isolate. Among fungicides tested, prochloraz was shown to be the most effective in growth inhibition of all three species, while flutirafol was proven to be the least effective. Metocnazole was more efficient in comparison with carbendazim and tebuconazole. EC50 values of all isolates on prochloraz were lower than 0.1 mg l-1, while on flutirafol they ranged between 1.66 and 8.51 mg l-1 for 18 isolates, or were higher than 10 mg l-1 for 7 isolates. EC50 values on carbendazim were 0.39-1.41 mg l-1 for F. graminearum isolates, 0.91-1.35 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum, and 0.47-0.6 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides. EC50 values on tebuconazole were 0.85- 2.57 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, 0.85-1.58 mg l-1 for F. avenaceum and 0.22-0.85 mg l-1 for F. verticillioides, while on metconazole EC50 values ranged between less than 0.1 mg l-1 to 1.66, 0.56, and 0.17 mg l-1 for F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. verticillioides, respectively. Average growth inhibitions of different Fusarium species and all Fusarium isolates together on different concentrations of fungicides tested were significantly different. Significant differences in growth were not determined among isolates of the same species on neither one of fungicides tested, indicating that no decreased sensitivity to the fungicides exists among isolates included in the study.

scholarly journals Rice Blast in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-300
Author(s):  
Lii-Jang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests

Rice blast, which had not been observed during the last six decades in Puerto Rico, reappeared recently in Manatí and in the Gurabo Substation, affecting Brazos, a cultivar introduced from Texas. Pathogenicity tests, as well as studies on the conidial morphology, showed that the fungus isolated from typical blast lesions is Pyricularia oryzae Cav. The physiology of the fungus and its sporulation on various media also were studied. The optimum temperature range, both for mycelial growth and for germination of conidia, was found to be between 24 to 28° C. Sporulation occurred satisfactorily on potato-dextrose agar enriched with coconut milk, and on steamed corn and barley, and rice-straw-decoction agars. In vitro tests with fungicides benomyl, pentachloronitrobenzene, mancozeb, chloroneb, and captan indicated that the first two compounds are the most effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of P. oryzae.

Effect of High Temperature Treatments on Growth of Penicillium spp. and their Development on ‘Valencia’ Oranges

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nunes ◽  
J. Usall ◽  
T. Manso ◽  
R. Torres ◽  
M. Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citrus Sinensis ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Penicillium Spp

The effect of time (up to 24h) and temperature (40 to 55°C) has been evaluated on in vitro growth of Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum on potato dextrose agar plates or on ‘Valencia’ oranges ( Citrus sinensis), previously inoculated with those pathogens. The effect of treatment on the fruit quality parameters has also been evaluated. In vitro, at 40 and 45°C, an exposure of 24h was required to inhibit subsequent mycelial growth of both pathogens during incubation for 1 week at 25°C. However, at 50 and 55°C, only 18 or 9h (6h for P. digitatum), respectively, were needed to achieve the same effect on both pathogens. Inoculated fruit was exposed for 18h at 40°C then stored for 5 days at 5°C plus 7 days at 20°C, and the experiment was repeated at three locations and over two fruit seasons. This curing regime controlled both pathogens effectively. Concerning quality changes, after cold storage (5°C), treated fruits showed a significant reduction in acid content and a slight delay on skin yellowing, on softening, and on weight losses, compared to the control fruits. These results suggest that the curing treatment could be a non-chemical alternative to the postharvest fungicides now used to control citrus green and blue moulds.

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