Therapeutic Management of Pyometra with Methylergometrine and Cabergoline in Bitches - An Alternative Approach

Background: Canine pyometra is a common reproductive disorder of sexually intact bitches characterized by accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen and it is always associated with vagaries of clinical and pathological manifestations of multisystemic origin. Methods: The present study involved twenty three bitches of 8- 13 years of age with pyometra. Diagnosis of pyometra was performed based on the anamnesis, ultrasound examination, hematoglocial and biochemical changes. As an alternate to conventional prostaglandin protocol, Tab. Methylergometrine 0.125 mg/dog (Methergine, Novartis) BID and Tab. Cabergoline @ 10 µg/kg body weight (Cabgolin, Sun Pharma) SID and Tab. Amoxicillin- Clavulinic acid @ 10 mg/kg body weight (Augmentin, Glaxo Smithkline) BID was advised for two weeks. In addition to that supportive fluid therapy and Inj. Pantoprazole @ 1 mg/kg body weight was also administered prior to initiation of treatment protocol. There was a significant clinical recovery in terms of physiological, hematological and biochemical parameters. Ultrasound examination on Day 0, 7, 9 and Day 14 of treatment revealed reduction in the diameter of uterine sacculations. All the bitches recovered after 10 to 15 days with complete evacuation of pus, with no recurrence. Result: Our investigation revealed that this alternative protocol along with antibiotics and supportive fluid therapy can be a better alternative to young dogs to preserve the reproductive capability and also in geriatric dogs which are unfit for traditional ovariohysterectomy.

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Enteral fluid therapy through nasogastric tube in rumen cannulated goats

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001200011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 1281-1284 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Katia Atoji-Henrique ◽

José Dantas Ribeiro Filho ◽

Pedro Malafaia

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Electrolyte Solution ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Serum Electrolytes ◽

Sodium Potassium ◽

Total Solids ◽

Solids Concentration

This paper reports the effects of fluid therapy in goats through nasogastric route with an electrolyte solution composed by concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride similar to goat plasma (140mmol/L of Na+, 4.5mmol/L of K+, 110mmol/L of Cl-). Four Alpine Chamoisee goats, two of them with evident leakage of the rumen cannulas, were used in a crossover experimental design of two periods and two groups. In one group the two goats were submitted to a treatment protocol to induce dehydration before the fluid therapy, whereas the other group was not. Fluid therapy consisted supplying 10mL/kg/h of the electrolyte solution during 8 hours. No signs of discomfort or stress were observed. The dehydration model employed caused a mild dehydration indicated by decrease in feces humidity, body weight and abdominal circumference, and increase in plasma total solids concentration. During fluid therapy globular volume and plasma total solids decreased, whereas % body weight and abdominal circumference increased. No signs of hyperhydration were observed and serum electrolytes (Na+, Cl-, K+) presented no significant alterations in both groups. Fluid therapy proposed in this study was efficient to treat dehydration, even for rumen cannulated animals with evident leakage, and can be administrated safely with no electrolyte imbalance.

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Pharmacological studies of Pediococcus on performance and some hematological and biochemical parameters in cattle

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal ◽

10.35943/mvmj.2019.22.106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 60-69

Author(s):

Gehad El-Sayed ◽

Mohamed El-Diasty ◽

Shaimaa Zayed

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hemoglobin Concentration ◽

Liver Function Tests ◽

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽

Control Groups ◽

Blood Electrolytes ◽

Calcium Phosphorus ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Drinking Milk

The use of Pediococcus (23×106 CFU/calf/day) orally in drinking milk once daily for one month in Holstein calves have highly significant effect on blood picture ,liver function tests, kidney function test ,blood electrolytes and body weight in cow calves. There were a significant increase in total erythrocytes count , hemoglobin content, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, thrombocyte count, total leucocytes count, neutrophils counts, eosinophil, basophils, total protein and its fractions, level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP),level of sodium ,calcium ,phosphorus and body weight . On the other hand there were significant decrease in urea and potassium level in groups treated by Pediococcus compared to the control groups. Moreover there were a non-significant changes in lymphocytes, monocytes, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), in the same groups compared to the control groups.

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Fast Focus Ultrasound Liver Technique for the Assessment of Cystic Echinococcosis in Sheep

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 452 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Giuliano Borriello ◽

Jacopo Guccione ◽

Antonio Di Loria ◽

Antonio Bosco ◽

Paola Pepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Focused Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Focus Ultrasound ◽

The Body ◽

Weight Group ◽

Ultrasound Technique ◽

Female Sheep ◽

Weight Groups ◽

Diagnostic Outcomes

A complete ultrasound examination (cUS) of the liver was performed on 172 female sheep and compared to the performance of a fast-focused ultrasound technique to diagnose echinococcal cysts. The scanned area was divided in: HYP (right hypocondrium), zone (Z)1 from HYP to the 11th intercostal space (IS), Z2 (10th–8th IS) and Z3 (7th–5th IS). Contiguous scans were also examined (HYP + Z1, Z1 + Z2, Z2 + Z3). Furthermore, during the procedures, the sheep were divided into three groups according to the body weight: Group (G) 1 (lighter), G2 (medium), and G3 (heavier). Finally, diagnostic outcomes were compared with necropsy findings. cUS obtained the highest values of sensitivity (Se) (91%), Specificity (Sp) (80%), and positive-zones (124/138, 90%), as compared to the other scans. cUS was also characterized by high values of Se and Sp and was able to identify a great number of positive-zones, when sheep were divided by body-weight groups. Similar performances were obtained in G1 by HYP (Se: 91%–Sp: 82%; 18/20, 90% of positive-zones) and HYP + Z1 scans (Se: 91%–Sp: 82; 90% of positive-zones, 18/20). Thus, in lighter breeds, the examination of HYP and HYP + Z1 scan windows could be considered reliable techniques for identifying the infected animals, while in heavier sheep the cUS still represents the best option.

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Low Plasma Albumin Linked to Fluid Overload in Postoperative Epidural Patients

Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England ◽

10.1308/003588409x12486167522072 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 91 (8) ◽

pp. 703-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Karan Malhotra ◽

Benedict Axisa

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Fluid Overload ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Vasopressor Therapy ◽

Significant Morbidity ◽

Prospective Audit ◽

Plasma Albumin ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Mean

INTRODUCTION Hypotension is commonly associated with epidural use in postoperative patients and is usually treated with fluid or vasopressor therapy. The former can result in fluid overload, associated with significant morbidity. This study aimed to identify factors increasing the likelihood of fluid overload in elective patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective audit of fluid therapy in elective, postoperative, epidural patients was carried out over a 6-week period in a teaching hospital in England. Demographic, biochemical, and fluid balance data were collected and analysed to determine which factors had the strongest correlation with fluid overload. Fluid overload was calculated as the percentage of net fluid input relative to pre-operative body weight (%FO). RESULTS Thirty-two patients were included in this study. An overload of 10% of the patients' pre-operative body weight was considered significant. The mean fluid overload incurred by patients in this study was 8.17 l (range, 2.89–14.62 l); %FO was 11.32% (range, 3.67–26.10%). The strongest independently correlating factor to fluid overload was initial, postoperative plasma albumin. Patients with a plasma albumin less than 27 g/l developed significant overload: mean overload 9.75 l (range, 2.89–14.62 l), %FO 15.12% (range, 4.81–26.10%), whilst those with an albumin level greater than 27 g/l did not: mean overload 6.77 l (range, 3.34–11.48 l), %FO 7.96% (range, 3.67–13.93%); P = 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Patients receiving epidurals with initial, postoperative, plasma albumin levels below 27 g/l are at increased risk of significant fluid overload. Earlier instigation of vasopressor therapy in this subgroup of patients may help prevent this.

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Comparison between Glucose Containing Solution D2.5% and Ringer Lactate as a Maintenance Fluid Management in Infants Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab086.074 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Hosny Hasan Mohamed ◽

Dalia Abd El Hameed Mohamad Nasr ◽

Amin Mohamed El Ansary

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Hernia Repair ◽

Inguinal Hernia Repair ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Fluid Management ◽

The Other ◽

Ringer Lactate ◽

Maintenance Fluid ◽

Maintenance Fluid Therapy

Abstract Background Infants and neonates are at particular risk of hypoglycemia when suffering from sepsis, asphyxia and hypothermia. A prospective study showed that up to 20% of preterm infants who were ready for discharge were still at risk of hypoglycemia when a feed was delayed. In contrast, surgery and critical illness may cause hyperglycemia. Objectives The aim of this study is to Assessment of glucose containing solutions 2.5 % as a maintenance fluid management intra operative in infants undergoing hernia repair as regard hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 100 randomly chosen patients aged from 28 days to 1 year, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I scheduled for elective open inguinal hernia repair in Ain Shams University Hospitals after approval of the medical ethical committee. They were allocated in two groups of 50 patients each: Ringer lactate Group: patients received ringer lactate as maintenance fluid therapy according to body weight, glucose containing solution: patients received glucose containing solution 2.5% as maintenance fluid therapy according to body weight. Results The results of the study revealed that 12% of patients receiving glucose containing solution 2.5 % had simple hyperglycemia with no hypoglycemic patients recorded while the other group with ringer lactate 2% of patients had simple hyperglycemia and 4% of patients had hypoglycemia . Conclusion The usage of glucose containing solution 2.5% remained controversial, in this study we compared glucose 2.5 % in normal saline 0,9 % to ringer lactate and the results didn’t put a final decision to the usage of glucose containing solutions as The results of the study revealed that 12% of patients receiving glucose containing solution 2.5 % had simple hyperglycemia with no hypoglycemic patients recorded while the other group with ringer lactate 2% of patients had simple hyperglycemia and 4% of patients had hypoglycemia.

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THE MAINTENANCE NEED FOR WATER IN PARENTERAL FLUID THERAPY

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.19.5.823 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 823-832 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Malcolm A. Holliday ◽

William E. Segar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Caloric Expenditure ◽

Water Losses ◽

Maintenance Requirements ◽

Insensible Loss

It is generally agreed that the maintenance requirements for water of individuals is determined by their caloric expenditure. By means of the following formulae, the caloric expenditure of hospitalized patients can be determined from weight alone. For weights ranging from 0 to 10 kg, the caloric expenditure is 100 cal/kg/day; from 10 to 20 kg the caloric expenditure is 1000 cal plus 50 cal/kg for each kilogram of body weight more than 10; over 20 kg the caloric expenditure is 1500 cal plus 20 cal/kg for each kilogram more than 20. Maintenance requirements for water depend upon insensible loss of water and renal loss. An allowance of 50 ml/100 cal/day will replace insensible loss of water, and 66.7 ml/100 cal/day will replace the average renal loss so that the total requirement is 116.7 ml/100 cal/day. As water of oxidation will supply approximately 16.7 ml/100 cal/day, the remaining 100 ml/100 cal/day must be supplied to meet the remaining water losses of patients on parenteral fluid therapy. Possible exceptions to this figure are discussed. Maintenance requirements of sodium, chloride and potassium are 3.0, 2.0 and 2.0 mEq/100 cal/day, respectively.

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Breeding Biology of Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae) in Captivity.

Australian Mammalogy ◽

10.1071/am95001 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

R.T. Gemmell

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Life Span ◽

Post Partum ◽

Young Female ◽

Brushtail Possum ◽

Lactation Period ◽

In Captivity ◽

In The Wild ◽

The Mean ◽

Reproductive Capability

The brushtail possum is a common arboreal marsupial that is well adapted to the Australian urban environment and to rearing in captivity. Data obtained from 100 female possums housed in a semi-captive colony over a 7 year period demonstrate the reproductive capability of this marsupial. The main breeding season is from March to June with a declining number of births occurring from July to October. The possums gave birth to 259 single young and one set of twins. The range of the lactation period was from 177 to 200 days with the birth of the subsequent young occurring at 188.4 ± 4.1 days post partum (SD, n = 5). The growth rate of the young female possum varied greatly after day 100 post partum, the mean body weight of possums at day 172, being 753.0 ± 76.2g (SD, n = 5) with a range of 685 to 851 g. Female possums, with a mean body weight of 2171 ± 388g, gave birth to their first litter on day 345.9 ± 69.3 days postpartum (mean, SD, n = 7). Although two female possums trapped in the wild were held in captivity for 64 and 63.4 months and one possum bred in captivity had a life span of 51.5 months, the mean life span was 21.0 ± 12.5 months (SD, n =3D 8), with a range of 14.3 to 51.5 months. This life span is very variable and it is of interest to determine if this is an artefact of captivity or is also observed in the wild.

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Hematological, parasitological and biochemical parameters in sheep during the peripartum period

Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias ◽

10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n1a04 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 81-95

Author(s):

Caroline M G David ◽

Ricardo LD Costa ◽

Guadalupe A E Parren ◽

Miguel A S Rua ◽

Ellen C P Nordi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Reference Value ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Condition Score ◽

Peripartum Period ◽

Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽

Physiological Variations

Background: Pregnancy in all animal species requires special care and attention. During this period there is great variation in hematological and biochemical parameters. Many times these parameters are misinterpreted as being obtained from nonpregnant animals with unknown parasite status. Objective: To characterize the hematological, biochemical, and parasitological values within the peripartum period of Santa Ines sheep naturally infected. Methods: For this purpose, 45 ewes were used, with an average body weight of 50 kg. Data were collected during pregnancy, birth and, lactation. Measurements included body weight, body condition score (BCS), evaluation of conjunctive staining, and collection of blood and feces. Results: All variables changed throughout physiological stages. Weight and BCS were different between periods (p<0.05). Fecal egg counts (FEC) were higher in the peripartum period, with a predominance of Haemonchus ssp, 92.85%. Mean hematological and biochemical values varied throughout the study, (p>0.05). Conclusion: The influence of peripartum on the parameters studied should be considered and its use as a reference value. Regarding the physiological variations observed during peripartum, proper animal management could help minimizing the negative effects of parasitic infections on productivity.

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Maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions for neonatal calves: sodium acetate and osmolarity effects

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-11348 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

A.P. Lima ◽

J.D. Ribeiro Filho ◽

P.A.N. Ermita ◽

L.C.F. Baptista Filho ◽

M.F.B. Avanza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Fluid Therapy ◽

Metabolic Alkalosis ◽

Sodium Acetate ◽

Electrolyte Solutions ◽

Abdominal Circumference ◽

Plasma Lactate ◽

Holstein Calves ◽

Neonatal Calves ◽

Diarrheic Calves

ABSTRACT The use of hypotonic electrolytic solutions in enteral fluid therapy is still understudied in calves. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of maintenance enteral electrolytic solutions with different concentrations of sodium acetate and different osmolarities in calves. For this, 18 Holstein calves, six male and 12 female, 20 days old and weighing around 52kg, were used. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and each group received one of the treatments. The three electrolytic solutions contained the same components in different concentrations, resulting in a hyposmotic, an isosmotic and a hyperosmotic solution. Each animal was maintained in enteral fluid therapy for 12 hours with infusion rate of 15mL kg-1 h-1. Abdominal circumference, body weight, feces consistency, glucose and plasma lactate, pH, pCO2, HCO- 3 and BE were measured at the following times: T0h, T6h, T12h and T24h. The hyposmotic solution did not generate the onset of diarrhea, while the isosmotic and the hyperosmotic did. Regardless of the dose used, acetate did not cause metabolic alkalosis in the evaluated animals. The results suggest that the use of hyposmotic solution in diarrheic calves, dehydrated and without metabolic acidosis, may be clinically important.

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Efficacy of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for the Treatment of Acute Puerperal Metritis in Dairy Cows

Veterinary Evidence ◽

10.18849/ve.v2i3.143 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Alina Pohl

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Vaginal Discharge ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Economic Consequences ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Pregnancy Risk ◽

Extended Treatment

Background: Acute puerperal metritis (APM) is a potentially life threatening, painful disease and is often treated with third-generation cephalosporins (Machado et al., 2014; Stojkov et al., 2015). An increasing antibiotic resistance is well documented and associated with decreasing clinical efficacy, animal welfare and economic consequences (Thomson et al., 2004). Hence, there is the need to evaluate alternative therapies to antibiotics.Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ketoprofen for the treatment of APM compared with ceftiofur hydrochloride.Materials and Methods: A total of 610 dairy cows from 6 farms in Germany were enrolled. Inclusion criteria was a rectal temperature (RT) ≥ 39.5 °C and a reddish-brown fetid vaginal discharge within the first 10 DIM. Cows meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to treatment with ketoprofen (3 mg/kg of body weight, n = 300) or treatment with ceftiofur (1 mg/kg of body weight, n = 310), both administered on 3 consecutive days. Rectal temperature was recorded daily for a period of 7 days after enrollment. Cows that showed RT ≥ 39.5 °C on day 4 to 7 after inclusion received an extended treatment (extT) with ceftiofur for 3 (ketoprofen group) or 2 (ceftiofur group) more days. Between 21 and 40 DIM cows were examined with the metricheck device and vaginal discharge was categorized on a 5-point scale according to the presence of pus.Results: A total of 52 cows (35 from ketoprofen group, 17 from ceftiofur group) were excluded from analysis due to missing protocol compliance (n = 37) or concurrent disease (n = 15). Cows initially treated with ketoprofen had higher odds of extT than cows treated with ceftiofur (61% vs 31%, OR 3.47, P < 0.01, n = 558). Occurrence of purulent vaginal discharge (PVD) was similar for both treatment groups. However, cows with extT had 2.12 (P < 0.01, n = 438) times the odds of PVD than cows without extended treatment. Treatment group did not affect milk yield, first artificial insemination pregnancy risk, time to first AI and time to pregnancy.Conclusions: The results indicate that although cows initially treated with ketoprofen were more likely to receive extT, fewer doses of ceftiofur (1.83) were required compared with cows initially treated with ceftiofur (3.63). Consequently, there is considerable potential of reducing antimicrobial treatment by implementing a treatment protocol starting with ketoprofen. <img src="https://www.veterinaryevidence.org/rcvskmod/icons/oa-icon.jpg" alt="Open Access" />

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