Influence of Morphological Attributes of Cowpea Genotypes on Oviposition of Pulse Beetle (Callasobruchus maculatus F.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Senthilraja ◽  
P.S. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Free Choice ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Choice Condition ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Ovipositional Preference ◽  
Pulse Beetle ◽  
Cowpea Varieties ◽  
Eye Pattern

Background: Cowpea is an excellent host for Callasobruchus maculatus (F.). These beetles cause havoc in stored cowpea. They have the habit of cementing their eggs to the surface of the host seeds. Hence, the present study was aimed to the find the influence of morphological characters of cowpea varieties/genotypes on oviposition of the pulse beetle. Methods: The ovipositional preference of C. maculatus on 14 cowpea varieties/genotypes was studied under the free choice condition and the data thus obtained were correlated with the morphological characters like seed shape, colour and texture. Result: Each variety/genotype had a significant effect on egg laying by C. maculatus. Significantly least oviposition was noticed in GC 3 (35.33 eggs), having a rough testa texture and greater number of eggs were found on GC 1612 (117.33 eggs) having smooth texture. The pulse beetle preferred smooth textured seeds for egg laying irrespective of its shape and colour. This was again confirmed by one of the genotypes GC 1702, which belongs to the Holstein group based on the eye pattern of the cowpea, in this genotype the pulse beetle preferred to lay eggs on the smooth brown portion surrounding the hilum than the wrinkled white portion.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

A revision of the Rhododendron taipaoense complex (subg. Tsutsusi sect. Tsutsusi, Ericaceae), based on observations of morphological characters and seed micromorphology

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
XIAO-FENG JIN ◽  
BING-YANG DING ◽  
YING-YING ZHOU ◽  
SHUI-HU JIN ◽  
WANG-WEI YANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Corolla Length ◽  
Seed Micromorphology ◽  
Different Populations

In this paper, we present a revision of the Rhododenron taipaoense complex, including R. taipaoense and eight other named species, based on literature survey, field collections and observations, inspection of herbarium specimens, statistical analysis of morphological characters, and SEM observation of seed shape and testa. We evaluated all characters that have previously been used to diagnose these species: indumentum of young shoots and abaxial surfaces of leaves; filament dimensions; style base; leaf color, size, and apex shape; flower number per inflorescence; corolla length; and length of the stamen and pistil. Cluster analysis of 146 individuals showed that individuals from different populations are interdigitated, irrespective of traditional taxonomic limits. Analysis of morphological data using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) likewise shows a continual gradation between populations, rather than disjunctures between named species. Consequently, only one species is recognized in the present paper, and R. apricum, R. falcinellum (R. apricum var. falcinellum), R. florulentum, R. hepticum, R. piceum, R. rufulum, R. spadiceum, and R. rufoindumentum (nom. nud.) are all reduced to synonyms of R. taipaoense.

MORPHOLOGY OF THE FEMALE TERMINALIA IN LEPIDOPTERA, AND ITS TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

1972 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1055-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Mutuura
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Genealogical Tree ◽  
Genital Opening ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn the phylogenetic classification of the Lepidoptera, the position of the genital opening and its modifications help to clarify the relationship of the Zeugloptera to the lepidopterous suborders. Three different systems of the suborder classification of the Lepidoptera, into Homoneura and Heteroneura (Tillyard, Imms, etc.), Monotrysia and Ditrysia (Borner), and Dacnonypha, Monotrysia, and Ditrysia (Hinton), are not supported by evidence obtained in the study of the female genitalia.The development of the female terminalia is closely associated with the mode of oviposition. Several types of female terminalia are found in the primitive Lepidoptera (Hepialidae, Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Lyonetiidae, Agathiphagidae, Tineidae, Nepticulidae, and Eriocraniidae). They are divided into four categories: hepialid type — the eggs are dropped randomly; typical lepidopterous type — the eggs are laid on the surface of food plants; eriocraniid type — the eggs are laid inside the food plants; tineid type — the eggs are laid in crevices of food. Each of the types is derivable from the types occurring in Neopseustidae, Tischeriidae, Agathiphagidae, and Eriocraniidae, respectively. These types are still far removed from the type of female terminalia in Micropterygidae of the Zeugloptera.The modes of egg-laying as well as the morphological characters of the female genitalia must be taken into consideration in suborder classification of the Lepidoptera.A genealogical tree based on the female terminalia suggests four main branches: hepialid branch — includes Neopseustidae and Prototheoridae; typical lepidopterous branch — includes all Ditrysia and Nepticulidae; tineid branch — includes only Tineidae; eriocraniid branch — includes Incurvariidae, Prodoxidae, Adelidae, and Heliozelidae.

Searching for resistance in wild Lens species against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmavati G Gore ◽  
K Tripathi ◽  
S K Chauhan ◽  
Mohar Singh ◽  
I S Bisht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Development Period ◽  
Artificial Infestation ◽  
Pulse Beetle

A total of 51 accessions of different Lens spp. viz., Lens culinaris (cultivated) and L. culinaris subsp. odemensis, L. culinaris subsp. orientalis, L. orientalis, L. nigricans, L. lamottei and L. ervoides (wild species) were screened for their reaction to Callosobruchus chinensis under no-choice artificial infestation conditions to find the sources of resistance. Significant differences among the accessions in terms of number of eggs laid, development period, adult emergence, number of emergence holes of C. chinensis loss in seed weight on different Lens spp. were observed. Of the seven species tested, L. culinaris was the most preferred one for egg laying while L. ervoides was the least preferred. Based on Growth Index (GI), accessions were categorised as highly resistant (15 accessions, GI = 0.00), resistant (14, GI=0.00 to 1.00), moderately resistant (16, GI=1.01 to 2.00) moderately susceptible (3, GI 2.01 to 3.00) susceptible (3, >3.01) to C. chinensis and the species have been arranged in the order of their resistance to C. chinensis. viz L. ervoides > L. lamottei > L. nigricans= L. orientalis > L. culinaris subsp. orientalis= L. culinaris subsp. odemensis > L. culnaris, i.e. L. ervoides was highly resistant and L. culnaris was the most susceptible. Correlation between GI and growth parameters of pulse beetle on different Lens spp. accessions indicated that GI had negative relationship with mean development period (-0.22) and significant positive relationship with adult emergence (+0.73), weight loss (+0.77) and eggs laid (+0.75).

Revision of Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae) in Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Laurie G. Adams ◽  
Judy G. West ◽  
Kirsten J. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Herbarium Material ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Eleven Species

A revision of the Australian taxa of the genus Spergularia (Caryophyllaceae) on the basis of herbarium material, field studies and analysis of morphological characters necessitates realignment of some taxa and application of some neglected names, clarifying circumscription and understanding of the species of this genus. Eleven species are here recognised, with five considered indigenous, Spergularia nesophila and S. diandroides described as new and S. tasmanica transferred to Spergularia from Lepigonum. Fruits and seeds provide compelling diagnostic characters in this genus and are used in supplementary dichotomous and tabular diagnostic keys. Scanning electron micrographs (SEMs) illustrate key seed shape and surface features.

scholarly journals Sources of resistance to black aphid in cowpea varieties used as green grains

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e902
Author(s):  
Vinicius Borges ◽  
Daniel Rodrigues Nere ◽  
Leandro Carvalho Da Silva ◽  
Marília Gomes Caminha ◽  
Ervino Bleicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Old Adult ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Cowpea Varieties

Evaluation of resistance of Vigna unguiculata L. landraces, used as green beans, to Aphis craccivora Koch was tested. Eleven landraces and standard genotypes were used in a free choice protocol: BR 17-Gurguéia, VITA 7 (susceptible), BRS Guariba and TVu 408P2 (resistant). A completely randomized blocks design was used with six replicates. Seedlings were infested with five six-day-old adult insects. The number of alive adults after 48 h and of alive nymphs after 96 h was evaluated. The results evidenced that there are high genetic diversity among the landraces, the antibiosis as the main mechanism of resistance. By means of multivariate analysis we suggest crosses among the commercial cultivar BRS Guariba and the most dissimilar varieties CCE-088, CCE-075, CCE-013 and CCE-062 to obtain superior hybrids.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Characterization and nutrient analysis of seed of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties from Southwest Maluku, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritha Karuwal ◽  
SUHARSONO SUHARSONO ◽  
A. TJAHJOLEKSONO ◽  
N. HANIF
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Nutrient Analysis ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Eye Pattern ◽  
Color Texture

Abstract. Karuwal RL, Suharsono, Tjahjoleksono A, Hanif N. 2021. Short Communication: Characterization and nutrient analysis of seed of local cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) varieties from Southwest Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 85-91. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a legume species that have many local varieties across regions in Indonesia, including in Southwest Maluku District. It has been utilized by the community as raw materials, but mainly for food sources of self-consumption. While there are rich local varieties of cowpea in Southwest Maluku, the data about its morphological characters and nutritional compositions are not available. The objectives of the research were to analyze morphological characters and nutritional compositions of local seven cowpea varieties from Southwest Maluku and classify these varieties according to such characters and compositions. Morphological characters observed consisted of shape, color, texture, eye pattern, eye color, size (length, width, thickness), and 100-grain weight. Nutritional composition consisted of proximate analysis tested using AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemist) method and folic acid content using HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography) method. The results showed that the varieties have significant variation in morphological characters and nutrition composition. There are differences in shape, color, texture, eye pattern, and color. Seed size in terms of length, width and thickness have range values of 5-9 mm, 4-6 mm, 3-4 mm, respectively while seed weight ranges 11-19 g. Furthermore, nutrition composition is significantly affected by varieties. Moisture content ranges between 11-17%, ash content of 3.13-3.97%, fat content of 0.58-1.42%, protein of 15.5-20.76%, carbohydrate of 58.46-63.48% and folic acid content of 100.13-131.57 µg/mL. There is significant correlation between morphology characters and nutrition composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that local varieties can be classified into three clusters. Therefore, KM1, KM3, KM4 and KM7 varieties that have the highest size, weight, and nutrition composition can be selected in plant breeding.

Taxonomic implications of seed morphology and storage proteins in three tribes of the subfamily Papilionoideae (Fabaceae) in Egypt

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 484 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-95
Author(s):  
MOSTAFA A. ABOULELA ◽  
ZEINAB A. EL-KAREMY ◽  
HASNAA A. HOSNI ◽  
SARA M. SALEH ◽  
AHMED M. FARIED
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
The Core ◽  
Phylogenetic Implications ◽  
And Storage

Papilionoideae is the most species-rich subfamily of Fabaceae. Within Papilionoideae, the “core genistoids” comprise many genera of the tribes Podalyrieae, Thermopsideae, Euchresteae, Crotalarieae, Genisteae, and part of Sophoreae. Seed macro- and micro-morphological characters and seed storage proteins of 12 Egyptian species belonging to three tribes of the core genistoides (Sophoreae, Crotalarieae, and Genisteae) were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Seed shape, size, surface topography, hilum characteristics, epidermal cell patterns, periclinal cell walls, and anticlinal cell boundaries are described here. Seed protein profiles show variable banding patterns with molecular weights ranging from approximately 5 to 270 kDa. Multivariate analyses based on seed morphology and storage proteins elucidate the phenetic relationships among the investigated species at both the tribal and intrageneric levels. The taxonomic and phylogenetic implications of multivariate analyses are compared with previous and current systematic treatments of the genera within the three tribes. Our results confirm the high taxonomic importance of seed morphology in distinguishing among the investigated species. A key to the species using seed macro- and micro-morphological characters is presented.

Biology of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and its response to botanicals in stored pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan (L.) grains

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Sharma ◽  
Renu Devi ◽  
Sunita Yadav ◽  
Poonam Godara
Keyword(s):  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Groundnut Oil ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
Seed Damage ◽  
Pulse Beetle

Biology of pulse beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) was studied on pigeonpea grains during 2014-15 in laboratory conditions. The adult beetle was oval in shape and reddish-brown in colour, with dark stripes on each side of dorsal abdomen with average fecundity of 74.8±1.8 eggs per female. The average incubation period was 4.2±0.2 days with hatching 98.2±0.3 percent. Average larval-pupal period, oviposition, post-oviposition period, total life period and adult life span were 21.3±0.3, 8.2±0.5, 2.8±0.5, 33.3 ±2.4 and 12.0±2.1 days, respectively. The effect of nine botanicals viz., neem oil, mustard oil, groundnut oil, turmeric powder and their mixture and surface protectants viz., neem seed kernel powder, saw dust, sand, dung cake ash and wheat husk were used on pigeonpea seed against Callosobruchus maculatus. The highest mortality (84-100%) was observed by neem oil @ 10ml/kg and lowest (3.33%) by turmeric powder @ 3.5g/kg seeds, after 135 days of storage. Neem oil @ 10ml/kg was completely inhibited the oviposition, adult emergence and seed damage. All the oils and inert materials prevented egg laying, reduced population build up of beetles and minimized the seed damage as compare to control.

Lachenalia arenicola (Asparagaceae: Scilloideae), a new species from western South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (5) ◽  
pp. 297 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRAHAM DUNCAN ◽  
NICK A. HELME
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Species ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Tube Shape ◽  
Perianth Tube ◽  
Living Material ◽  
A New Species

Lachenalia Jacquin in Murray (1784: 314) is a deciduous, geophytic genus endemic to western, southern, southeastern and central South Africa and to western and southern Namibia (Duncan et al. 2005). All South African members produce leaves in the winter, including those from essentially summer-rainfall areas, and L. pearsonii (Glover 1915: 105) Barker (1969: 321) from southern Namibia is the only summer-growing species (Duncan & Condy 2013). Flower and seed characters are most important for identification of Lachenalia, especially perianth shape including the perianth tube shape and length, relative position of outer and inner tepals, stamen orientation, seed shape and strophiole length. A recent monograph of Lachenalia provided a new classification for the genus based on a phylogenetic study of morphological characters and recognized 133 species (Duncan 2012). Living material of a new species from the Namaqualand coastal plain became available for study in 2013, although pressed specimens were first gathered in 2006. The total number of species for the genus now stands at 134.

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