scholarly journals Czy Szekspira da się „przerobić” na kryminał? O niektórych nowych, „uwspółcześniających” filmowych adaptacjach dzieł wielkiego dramaturga

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 251-261
Author(s):  
Wojciech Kajtoch
Keyword(s):  
Modern Times ◽  
Crime Dramas ◽  
The Common

The paper discusses selected screen adaptations of Shakespeare’s plays: Hamlet (dir. M. Almereyda, 2000), Coriolanus (dir. R. Fiennes 2011), Macbeth (dir. G. Wright, 2006), Cymbeline (dir. M. Almereyda, 2014), Macbeth (an episode of the BBC series Shakespeare Re-Told, 2005) as well as episodes 3 and 4 from Yevhenіy Zviezdakov’s series Diekoracyi ubijstwa (2015). The common feature of these screen adaptations is moving the plot to modern times and emphasising those elements which resemble typical components of crime dramas. The paper points to the difficulties the directors had to overcome to make such “upgrading” makeovers viable.

scholarly journals Contribution of Cyanotoxins to the Ecotoxicological Role of Lichens

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Dobri Ivanov ◽  
Galina Yaneva ◽  
Irina Potoroko ◽  
Diana G. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Effective Application ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The fascinating world of lichens draws the attention of the researchers because of the numerous properties of lichens used traditionally and, in modern times, as a raw material for medicines and in the perfumery industry, for food and spices, for fodder, as dyes, and for other various purposes all over the world. However, lichens being widespread symbiotic entities between fungi and photosynthetic partners may acquire toxic features due to either the fungi, algae, or cyano-procaryotes producing toxins. By this way, several common lichens acquire toxic features. In this survey, recent data about the ecology, phytogenetics, and biology of some lichens with respect to the associated toxin-producing cyanoprokaryotes in different habitats around the world are discussed. Special attention is paid to the common toxins, called microcystin and nodularin, produced mainly by the Nostoc species. The effective application of a series of modern research methods to approach the issue of lichen toxicity as contributed by the cyanophotobiont partner is emphasized.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF THE NON-JUSTICIABILITY OF RELIGIOUS DEFAMATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 241-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Smith
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Civil Case ◽  
Magna Carta ◽  
The Common ◽  
English Law

English law has long held the principle that religions should be free from interference by the state in certain matters. The original 1215 edition of the Magna Carta proclaimed, as its first article, ‘THAT WE HAVE GRANTED TO GOD, and by this present charter have confirmed for us and our heirs in perpetuity, that the English Church shall be free, and shall have its rights undiminished, and its liberties unimpaired.’This article was intended to protect the established Catholic Church from the powers of the state, specifically from interference in church elections by the executive in the form of the person of the monarch. The notion that religions were institutions with practices and beliefs that were outside the control of the state in certain respects was adopted by the common law and is found in modern times in the principle of non-justiciability on the matter of religion in certain types of civil case. 

INTRODUCTION TO THE NEW SERIES: UNCOMMON “COMMON SENSE”

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Akinobu Kuroda
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

The common sense of modern times was not always “common” in the past. For example, if it is true that inflation is caused by an oversupply of money, a short supply of money must cause deflation. However logical that sounds, though, it has not been so uncommon in history that rising prices were recognized as being caused by a scarcity of currency. Even in the same period, a common idea prevailing in one historical area was not always common in another; rather, it sometimes appeared in quite the opposite direction. It is likely that the idea that a government gains from bad currencies, while traders appreciate good ones, is popular throughout the world. In the case of China, however, its dynasties sometimes intentionally issued high-quality coins without regard to their losses. East Asia shared the idea that cheap currency harms the state, while an expensive currency harms the people. This is in considerable contrast with a common image in other regions that authorities gained profits from seigniorage.

Transmission of Buddhist Media and Texts

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Veidlinger
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Common People ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
First Millennium ◽  
The Common ◽  
Canonical Texts ◽  
Over Time

Different media have been used to spread the teachings of Buddhism, and they have exerted a significant influence upon the development of Buddhist ideas and institutions over time. An oral tradition was first used in ancient India to record and spread the Buddhist Dharma, and later the Pali canon was written down in the 1st century bce. Writing was also conspicuously used to transmit Mahāyāna texts starting in the first centuries of the first millennium. Printing was developed in medieval China probably in connection with the Buddhist desire to create merit through copying the texts. Efforts to print Buddhist texts in Western languages and scripts began in earnest in the late 19th century, and Western printing methods were later adopted by Asian Buddhists to publish the texts in modern times. It is important to appreciate the intricate relationship between the medium that is used to transmit a text and the form of the text itself, as well as the commensurate effects of the texts and their ideas on the medium and its uses in society. The oral medium has many constraints that forced the early texts to assume certain forms that were amenable to oral transmission, and institutions arose to assist in the preservation of these texts as well. Even once writing came to be used, the common people generally did not read but rather heard the text recited by learned monks. Private reading is for the most part a modern invention and it, too, had a distinct influence on the development of Buddhism, leading to modern reformist movements that demanded less superstition, more meditation, and a closer adherence to the teachings found in the canonical texts. The Internet is also shaping the popular reception of Buddhism, as Buddhist teachings and texts proliferate on thousands of websites in a dizzying array of languages.

scholarly journals The Birch as a Source of Raw Material during the Stone Age

1949 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 50-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Birch Bark ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Upper Palaeolithic ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Common

It is hardly necessary to point out that birch was one of the common trees of the younger stone age and that its wood was much used for technical purposes. This must have been even more the case in mesolithic times and during the upper palaeolithic period, when during a certain period this tree dominated the landscape to such an extent that we can even speak of a Birch period.The use of birch wood soon made men acquainted with its own special properties. If at present we are first able to demonstrate a knowledge of these for the neolithic and later stages, it is not to be doubted that this merely represented a continuation of a mesolithic accomplishment. There are two properties of birch which are particularly well exhibited by the pile-dwelling finds. The bark can be detached from the tree in thin layers, is extraordinarily easily worked and can be sewn like fine leather. But, secondly, it is possible to obtain a pitch from the bark, which after correct preparation makes a particularly useful glue. The pitch occurs especially in the bark and allows rolled up pieces of this to burn with a clear flame. These so-called birch-bark tapers, which even in modern times played an important part in illumination, are found not uncommonly in the Swiss pile-dwellings.

Reactions, Reflections, and Renewal

2019 ◽  
pp. 452-470
Author(s):  
Stephen Crump
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Hard Times ◽  
The Common ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

This chapter draws together the arguments, ideas, concepts, recommendations, case studies, and empirical data provided in the preceding chapters built on and around the conceptual framework set up in the first two chapters. The chapter does not attempt to replicate or repeat the many and varied points of view expressed in the detailed and informative work of the author contributions but rather to be summative, reflective, and forward-looking. This handbook has observed that modern times are hard times, changing times, where enactments in higher education have never been more crucial, nor more closely watched. The handbook also argues for critical thinking, for diversity, for social and economic progress as cornerstones of innovation and renewal, thus survival, of the vibrant but troubled ecosystem universities have become. In looking for solutions, reflecting back to when the common and public good was also a cornerstone of why universities existed, helps re-justify their elevated place in all social systems.

scholarly journals The Concepts of Common Good and Public Interest: From Plato to Biobanking

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
KADRI SIMM
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
Worthy Goal ◽  
The Common

The expression “common good” usually conjures up benevolent associations: it is something to be desired, a worthy goal, and it would be a brave person who declared he or she was against the common good. Yet modern times have taught us to be critical and even suspicious of such grand rhetoric, leading us to query what lies behind this ambitious notion, who formulates what it stands for, and how such formulations have been reached.

scholarly journals Evolving Diplomacy of Regional Organizations - Some Experiences in Balkans

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Fejzi LILA
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
The Common ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

The regional organizations are becoming more and more the necessity of modern times. On vertically approaches the regional diplomacy and organizations are between international and national level of governmental institutions worldwide. Being in between global national levels the regional organizations are very interesting players to bring both above mentioned actors closer to each- other and to harmonize some time their contradictory approaches and interests. On horizontal approaches the regional organizations are located and operate in the common valuable areas with more or less the same or similar situations, in the common political landscape, in the same geography, geo-strategy, culture and markets. Therefore, they share the achievements and challenges together. That is why the increasing role of multilateral diplomacy through evolving regional organizations is very important facilitating mechanism to shift from old fashion bilateral oriented diplomacy toward globalization trends.

On the issue of optimizing the socio-psychological climate of the service team of law enforcement bodies

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
Кирилл Шпагин ◽  
Kirill Shpagin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Team Building ◽  
Psychological Climate ◽  
Labor Process ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Individual Person ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Internal Affairs

The article shows that in the conditions of modern times the creation of a favorable micro - climate in the subdivisions of the internal affairs bodies is of great importance. To organize a successful labor process in police units, it is not enough to just appoint an employee to perform a particular job. Work should be performed not by one individual person, but by a single, cohesive team. For the formation of such collectives and the rallying of personnel, it is effective to apply technology such as team building that will help to prevent conflicts in the work collective and create a cohesive and effective team of employees willing to work hard not only for the sake of material compensation and development of the organization's functionalities, but also for the benefit of the common cause

Hobbies and Hale on law, legislation and the Soverign

1972 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. C. Yale
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Hobbes ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Important Exception ◽  
The Common ◽  
Modern Author ◽  
First Time

Many years after launching Leviathan and towards the end of his life Thomas Hobbes composed A Dialogue between a Philosopher and a Student of the Common Laws of England in which he set out his final thoughts on fundamental matters of law, legislation and sovereignty. This work was published for the first time in 1681, two years after the author's death, and though it represents Hobbes's final thoughts on these questions it has received but slight study compared with his other works. Leviathan and other earlier works must, no doubt, take first place in interest for the political scientist. The Dialogue, on the other hand, is a work of a jurisprudential slant and is as deserving of the attention of lawyers as it has been largely neglected by them. To this neglect there is one important exception. Sir Matthew Hale rejoined in argument to Hobbes's thesis. His argument remained unpublished till modern times, and even the enormous modern literature on Hobbes's writings has generally preserved a silence upon Hale's Reflections. One modern author indeed remarks briefly that “Hale's short treatise is the most brilliant contemporary reply to Hobbes's theory of positive law,” but the remark is not developed. The prevalent opinion may be represented by Holdsworth's view, and this supposes that Hale failed to grasp Hobbes's idea of sovereignty and that Hale's criticism therefore missed its mark. It seems timely to re-examine the received opinion (if Holdsworth's may be so called) for more than one reason.

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