scholarly journals Toxicological Indices of Wistar Rats Fed Formulated Chaw of Telfairia occidentalis Planted on Crude Oil Contaminated and Remediated Soil

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Reginald C Ohiri ◽  
Eugene N Onyeike ◽  
Augustine A Uwakwe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Telfairia Occidentalis ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Serum Amylase Activity

Toxicological indices of wistar rats fed formulated chaw of Telfairia occidentalis planted on crude oil contaminated and bioremediated soil was studied. Farmland, measuring 18 m2 was divided into three lots of 4 m2 and 2 m space was allowed between each lot (A, B and C). Two lots were polluted, subjected to 16 weeks of bioremediation and viable seeds of T. occidentalis were planted and grown for 28 days. The harvested vegetable leaves were analyzed. Leaves from natural attenuated soil showed high concentration of both aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with values of 9.34+0.03 mg/kg and 9.18+0.05 mg/kg for C36 and Fluoranthene respectively, while the bioaugmented soil had Lead as the highest heavy metal with a value of 0.10+0.02 g/100g. Four groups, of 9 rats each (totalling 36 rats) of adult males and females, wealing males and females were subsequently sub-grouped into 3 and allowed to acclimatize for a period of 1 week. These animals were fed formulated rat chaw of 50% dry weight of T. occidentalis, from the three lots (control, bioaugmented and natural attenuated soil) for a period of 28 days. Assay of animals’ toxicological index showed elevated concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, urea and creatinine in their sera. A slight increase in serum amylase activity was recorded, while concentrations of their haemoglobin and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) reduced. The obtained results from these biomarkers were confirmed by the histopathological sections of the animal organs.

Biomass of Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton from Length–Weight Regressions

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Culver ◽  
Mary M. Boucherle ◽  
David J. Bean ◽  
James W. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Males And Females

We present equations for calculating dry weight from body length for 14 common and widely distributed taxa of crustacean zooplankters; these were generated by regression from weights of individuals chosen from the range of lengths observed for each taxon, usually three replicate weights at each of five lengths. We include regressions for ovigerous and nonovigerous cladocerans, plus nauplii, early copepodites, and adult males and females for the copepods (30 length–weight relationships) and individual weights for given stages of copepods. We calculated the seasonal variation in crustacean biomass for a station in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario, and for each of the three basins of Lake Erie. Biomass was dominated by Cladocera for both lakes, with Copepoda predominant in the spring. Mean individual dry weights varied seasonally for all taxa, confirming previous findings.

Cytochrome P450 Content in Gut of Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) for Monitoring Pahs Contaminated Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1468-1474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yu Fang Song ◽  
Ming Da Liu ◽  
Yu Shan Qi
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Earthworm Gut

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are known to be pollutants in soil, however there are no effective methods available for determining their ecotoxic effects. We investigated Cytochrome P450 (P450) in earthworms (Eisenia fetida) as a potential biomarker of PAH pollutants in soil. Three types of PAHs were tested which included phenanthrene (Phe), fluoranthene (Fla) and pyrene (Py). Earthworm gut was selected to measure the total P450 content in cellular microsomes. Dose-response relationships between total P450 content in earthworm gut and PAH concentration (60, 120, 240, 480 and 960μg kg-1soil (dry weight)) were determined for different exposure durations (1, 3, 7 and 14 days). Results showed that the content of P450 in earthworm changed with exposure to each of PAHs. Biphasic effects were identified in response to each of PAHs tested, in which total P450 content increased due to short, low concentration doses, and decreased due to longer, high concentration doses. Alterations to total P450 content in the presence of PAHs, show that it is a promising biomarker for identifying ecotoxic pollutants at sublethal dose ranges in soil. Further research to identify the specific activity of P450 isoenzymes could further develop and also complement this tool.

Size-At-Age Variability and Sexual Dimorphism of Morphometric Characteristics in the Late Ontogenesis of the Marsh Frog, Pelophylax Ridibundus (Anura, Ranidae), from Terrytory of Crimea

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Marsh Frog ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Size At Age ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.

Potential Contribution of Nutrients and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from the Creeks of Cootes Paradise Marsh

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Chow-Fraser ◽  
Barb Crosbie ◽  
Douglas Bryant ◽  
Brian McCarry
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Engine Combustion ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Derivatives Of

Abstract During the summer of 1994, we compared the physical and nutrient characteristics of the three main tributaries of Cootes Paradise: Spencer, Chedoke and Borer’s creeks. On all sampling occasions, concentrations of CHL α and nutrients were always lowest in Borer’s Creek and highest in Chedoke Creek. There were generally 10-fold higher CHL α concentrations and 2 to 10 times higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chedoke Creek compared with Spencer Creek. Despite this, the light environment did not differ significantly between Spencer and Chedoke creeks because the low algal biomass in Spencer Creek was balanced by a relatively high loading of inorganic sediments from the watershed. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediments from Chedoke Creek released up to 10 µg/g of soluble phosphorus per gram (dry weight) of sediment, compared with only 2 µg/g from Spencer Creek. By contrast, sediment samples from Spencer Creek contained levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that were as high as or higher than those from Chedoke Creek, and much higher than those found in Borer’s Creek. The distribution of normalized PAH concentrations suggests a common source of PAHs in all three tributaries, most likely automobile exhaust, since there were high concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene, both of which are derivatives of engine combustion.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Sediments of the Brisbane River (Australia) – Preliminary Results

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Kayal ◽  
D. W. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

Results of the analysis of twenty-three composite sediment samples revealed that PAHs are widely distributed in the Brisbane River estuary. Mean concentrations for individual compounds, on a dry weight basis, ranged from 0.03 µg/g for dibenz [ah] anthracene to 2.34 µg/g for fluoranthene. Observed PAH assemblages were rich in compounds having pyrolytic origins. However, the presence of petroleum derived compounds was indicative of the importance of petroleum as a PAH source in the estuary. Petroleum refineries, a coal loading terminal and a major treated sewage outfall located at the mouth were not indicated as major contributing sources of PAH pollution in the estuary.

Catalytic Neutralization of Naphthenic Acid from Petroleum Crude Oil by Using Cerium Oxide Catalyst and 2- Methylimidazole in Polyethylene Glycol

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshahidatul Akmar Mohd Shohaimi ◽  
Norfakhriah Jelani ◽  
Ahmad Zamani Ab Halim ◽  
Nor Hakimin Abdullah ◽  
Nurasmat Mohd Shukri
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Naphthenic Acid ◽  
Naphthenic Acids ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

: The presence of relatively high naphthenic acid in crude oil may contribute to the major corrosion in oil pipelines and distillation units in crude oil refineries. Thus, high concentration Naphthenic Acids crude oil is considered tobe of low quality and is marketed at lower prices. In order to overcome this problem, neutralization method had been developed to reduce the TAN value in crude oil. In this study, crude oil from Petronas Penapisan Melaka was investigated. The parameters studied were reagent concentration, catalyst loading, calcination temperature and reusability of the potential catalyst. Basic chemical used were 2- methylimidazole in polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) with concentration 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. Cerium oxide-based catalysts supported onto alumina prepared with different calcination temperatures. The catalyst was characterized by using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry Analysis-Differential Thermal Gravity (TGA-DTG) to study physical properties of the catalyst. The Ce/Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 1000°C was the best catalyst due to larger surface area formation which lead to increment of active sites thus will boost the catalytic activity. The result showed that the Ce/Al2O3 catalyst meet Petronas requirement as the TAN value reduced to 0.6 mgKOH/g from original TAN value of 4.22 mgKOH/g. The best reduction of TAN was achieved by using catalyst loading of 0.39% and reagent of 1000 ppm.

scholarly journals Sex Difference in Self-Reported Sexual Functioning Among Frail Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 313-313
Author(s):  
Brianne Olivieri-Mui ◽  
Sandra Shi ◽  
Ellen McCarthy ◽  
Dae Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Function ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract Frailty may differentially impact how older adult males and females perceive sexual functioning, an important part of well-being. We assessed the level of frailty (robust, pre-frail, frail) for anyone with data on 11 sexual functioning questions asked in wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, 2010-2011 (n=2060). Questions covered five domains: overall sexual function (OSF), sexual function anxiety (SFA), changes in sexual function (CSF), erectile/vaginal dysfunction (EVD), and masturbation. Logistic regression identified sex differences in frailty and reporting worse sexual functioning. Linear regression predicted the number of domains reported as worse. Among males (n=1057), pre-frailty meant higher odds of reporting SFA (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2-6.6), CSF (OR 1.7 95%CI 1.1-2.7), and EVD (OR 1.5 95%CI 1.0-2.2). Among females (n=1003), there was no difference in reporting by frailty. Females were more likely to report worse OSF (Robust: OR 7.4, 95%CI 4.8-11.4; Pre-frail: OR 6.2, 95%CI 3.9-9.9; Frail: OR 3.4 95%CI 1.7-6.6), but less likely to report SFA (Robust OR .3, 95%CI .2-.5; Pre-frail OR .2, 95%CI .1-.3; Frail OR .2 95%CI .1-.3). Pre-frail and frail females reported fewer domains as worse (Pre-frail coefficient -0.21 SE 0.09, Frail -0.43 SE 0.14). As frailty worsened, males reported more domains as worse (Pre-frail 0.24 SE 0.07, Frail 0.29 SE 0.08). Self-reported sexual functioning differs by sex at all levels of frailty, and reporting by males, but not females, changes with frailty. Providers should be aware that sexual functioning is of importance to both sexes despite varying degrees of frailty.

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