scholarly journals Solid Soap Formulation with Ethanol Extract of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Combination of Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) and Palm Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Risma Andriani ◽  
Yani Ambari ◽  
Iif Hanifa Nurrosyidah
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Chemically Reacting

Soap is a type of cleaning product that is used to clean dust, oil, dirt, germs, and bacteria that stick to the skin. Ginger is a plant that contains a wide range of antibacterial compounds including E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, B. Cereus, L monocytogenes and Candida albicans bacteria. Soap is made by chemically reacting sodium or potassium compounds with fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal oil. This study aims to determine the physical characteristics of solid soap with ginger rhizome extract with a combination of coconut oil and palm oil and analyze the panelist’s response to the soap produced. In the third week of observation, it is known that the water content ranges from 0,07%-0,1% with foam stability 71,11%-88,23% and pH 8,96-9,08. The most preferred solid soap based on the response of the panelist is soap from a mixture of coconut oil and palm oil with a ratio of 15:5.

scholarly journals Short communication: Endophytic actinobacteria isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its potential as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
SRI RAHAYU ◽  
LENNI FITRI ◽  
YULIA SARI ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Lipase Inhibitor ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitors ◽  
Endophytic Actinobacteria

Abstract. Rahayu S, Fitri L, Ismail YS. 2019. Short communication: Endophytic actinobacteria isolated from ginger (Zingiber officinale) and its potential as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity. Biodiversitas 20: 1312-1317.  Endophytic actinobacteria from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) is a bacterium that is capable of producing secondary metabolites that are the same as their hosts. This study aims to look at the potential of endophytic actinobacteria from ginger as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor and its toxicity. Endophytic actinobacteria were isolated, purified, then tested for pancreatic lipase inhibitors and their toxicity using the BSLT method (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) and phytochemical tested on ethanol extract of selected isolates. Seven endophytic actinobacterial isolates were isolated from the ginger rhizome. The isolates had different morphological diversity based on colony and microscopic observations and 5 isolates had pancreatic lipase inhibitor activity. The highest inhibitors were found in AJ4 isolates (89.9%), compared with pancreatic lipase inhibitors crude extracts of ginger (68.9%) and orlistat (88.1%) as positive controls. The LC50 value of AJ4 isolates was 653,381 ppm and the value of LT50 was 17,569 hours. AJ4 isolates contain terpenoids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins. This research data is considered as new information about the potential of endophytic actinobacteria from ginger as pancreatic lipase inhibitors and their toxicity.

scholarly journals Antibacterial (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and Antifungal (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Activity Assay on Nanoemulsion Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Mangosteen Leaves (Garcinia mangostana L.) as Fruit Preservative

2021 ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Diniatik Diniatik ◽  
Rosiana Sofia Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
E Coli ◽  
System Method ◽  
Refrigerator Temperature ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Fruits after harvesting will decay faster if not handled properly. Fruits can be demaged by bacterial and fungal. Mangosteen leaves contain xanthons which are antibacterial and antifungal. 50% ethanol extract of mangosteen leaves is formulated in Nanoemulsion preparations using the SNEDDS (Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System) method. The mangosteen leaves 50% ethanol extract nanoemulsion formulation consisted of VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) as oil, tween 80 as surfactant, and PEG 400 as cosurfactant. There are 3 formulations with variations in the concentration of mangosteen leaves ethanol extract, there are concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%. All formulations have a T% of more than 90%. The results of the particles measurement of nanoemulsion using PSA were in formulation 1 amounting to 16.1 nm; formula 2 is 16.7 nm; and formula 3 is 16.6 nm. The zeta potential characterization shows that formula 1 has a zeta value of -40.9 mV. The three formulations had a pH of 5. The largest inhibitory zone in the mangosteen leaf ethanol extract against S.aureus and E. coli bacteria were 11.08 mm and 5.87 mm respectively. Whereas in the S. cerevisiae antifungal test there was no inhibition zone at all concentrations. In the antibacterial and antifungal tests nanoemulsion preparations did not produce inhibitory zones in each concentration. Nanoemulsion preparations can retain the quality of strawberries when compared to the non-nanoemulsion preservative group, both in room storage and refrigerator temperature. The best preservative result is when the fruit is coated with nanoemulsion preservative and stored in refrigerator temperature.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Rimpang Jahe Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus Aureus Dan Escherichia Coli Secara In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Siti Zamilatul Azkiyah
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The problem of resistance is increasing along with the need for antimicrobials as an alternative in overcoming resistance problems. One solution is to utilize the content of secondary metabolite compounds in rhizome plants such as ginger. The content of compounds that are usually the most dominant in ginger such as essential oils, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenols. This study aims to determine the effect of ginger rhizome extract as an antibacterial on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in vitro. This study was a laboratory experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 7 treatments with 3 replications. The results showed that the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome had antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. At concentrations of 20%, 40% and 80% which are more effective in inhibiting the growth of these two bacteria. The higher the extract concentration level, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone from bacterial growth. This inhibition of bacterial growth is thought to have an effect on the content of the ginger root.   Keywords: Ginger rhizome, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, antibacterial ABSTRAK   Permasalahan tentang resistensi semakin meningkat seiring dengan kebutuhan antimikroba sebagai alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah resistensi. Salah satu solusinya yaitu dengan memanfaatkan kandungan dari senyawa metabolit sekunder pada tanaman rimpang-rimpangan seperti rimpang jahe. Kandungan senyawa yang biasanya paling dominan pada jahe seperti minyak atsiri, flavonoid, terpenoid dan fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari ekstrak rimpang jahe sebagai antbakteri terhadap pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara in vitro. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa ekstrak etanol rimpang jahe memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. Aureus dan E. coli. Pada konsenrasi 20%, 40% dan 80% yang lebih efktif dalam menghambat pertumbuhan kedua bakteri tersebut. Semakin tinggi tingkatan konsentrasi ekstrak maka diameter zona hambat dari pertumbuhan bakteri juga semakin besar. Terhambatnya pertumbuhan bakteri ini diduga adanya pengaruh dari kandungan pada rimpang jahe.   Kata Kunci: Rimpang Jahe, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, antibakteri

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and GC-MS Screening and Biocidal Potentiality of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizome against Mosquito’s Larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 090-096
Author(s):  
Dalia Mustafa M Elbashir ◽  
Mutaman AA Kehail ◽  
Abdalla I Abdalla Mohamed ◽  
Abdelmonem Eltiyab H Ali
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Biocidal Activity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Components

Mosquitoes can act as vectors for many viruses and parasites through carrying these organisms from person to person. Although great number of natural products are lethal to mosquitoes, but few researches are conducted to understand the magnitude of the behavioral response to these plant parts. The objectives of this study were to screen the phytochemical and other chemical components from ginger rhizome in addition to test their aqueous and ethanol extracts on mosquito’s larvae. The standard methods, materials and devices were used to screen the phytochemical components and the chemical constituents (GC-MS). The aqueous and the ethanol extracts from clove pods were prepared and used against Anopheles, Culex and Aedes larvae. The results of the aqueous extract showed that, the LC50 was 153.77 mg/L for Anopheles larvae, 179.05 mg/L for Culex larvae, and 208.37 mg/L for Aedes larvae, also the ethanol extract of ginger rhizome was more potent than the aqueous extract. The biocidal activity can be attributed to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and steroids. The GC-MS for the hexane extract showed the presence of alkaloid: gingerol (18%) and eugenyl acetate- (19%) that gives the sweet aromatic, spicy taste, but the ethanol extract detected gingerol (43%) and zingiberene (14%). The obtained data will be useful to understand the mechanisms and reasons of biocidal activity of ginger rhizome against the tested mosquito’s larvae.

Small Molecule Permeation Across Membrane Channels: Chemical Modification to Quantify Transport Across OmpF

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajun Wang ◽  
Jayesh Arun Bafna ◽  
Satya Prathyusha Bhamidimarri ◽  
Mathias Winterhalter
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Covalent Binding ◽  
Channel Structure ◽  
Ion Current ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Current Fluctuation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Outer Membrane Channel ◽  
Biological Channels ◽  
Constriction Region

Biological channels facilitate the exchange of small molecules across membranes, but surprisingly there is a lack of general tools for the identification and quantification of transport (i.e., translocation and binding). Analyzing the ion current fluctuation of a typical channel with its constriction region in the middle does not allow a direct conclusion on successful transport. For this, we created an additional barrier acting as a molecular counter at the exit of the channel. To identify permeation, we mainly read the molecule residence time in the channel lumen as the indicator whether the molecule reached the exit of the channel. As an example, here we use the well-studied porin, OmpF, an outer membrane channel from <i>E. coli</i>. Inspection of the channel structure suggests that aspartic acid at position 181 is located below the constriction region (CR) and we subsequently mutated this residue to cysteine, where else cysteine free and functionalized it by covalent binding with 2-sulfonatoethyl methanethiosulfonate (MTSES) or the larger glutathione (GLT) blockers. Using the dwell time as the signal for transport, we found that both mono-arginine and tri-arginine permeation process is prolonged by 20% and 50% respectively through OmpF<sub>E181C</sub>MTSES, while the larger sized blocker modification OmpF<sub>E181C</sub>GLT drastically decreased the permeation of mono-arginine by 9-fold and even blocked the pathway of the tri-arginine. In case of the hepta-arginine as substrate, both chemical modifications led to an identical ‘blocked’ pattern observed by the dwell time of ion current fluctuation of the OmpF<sub>wt</sub>. As an instance for antibiotic permeation, we analyzed norfloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agent. The modulation of the interaction dwell time suggests possible successful permeation of norfloxacin across OmpF<sub>wt</sub>. This approach may discriminate blockages from translocation events for a wide range of substrates. A potential application could be screening for scaffolds to improve the permeability of antibiotics.

Bioenhancing Effect of Cow Urine Distillate and Pepper Extract on Antibacterial Activity of Azadirachta Indica Leaves

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3212-3214
Author(s):  
Pramod Dhakal ◽  
Ankit a Achary ◽  
Vedamurthy Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Cow Urine

Bioenhancers are drug facilitator which do not show the typical drug activity but in combination to enhance the activity of other molecule in several way including increase the bioavailability of drug across the membrane, potentiating the drug molecules by conformational interaction, acting as receptor for drug molecules and making target cell more receptive to drugs and promote and increase the bioactivity or bioavailability or the uptake of drugs in combination therapy. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial and activity of combination in Azadirachta indica extract with cow urine distillate and pepper extract against common pathogenic bacteria, a causative agent of watery diarrhea. It has been found that Indian indigenous cow urine and its distillate also possess bioenhancing ability. Bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate (CUD) and pepper extract was investigated on antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Azadirachta indica. Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract neem alone and in combination with CUD and pepper extract were determined the ATCC strains against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E-coli by cup plate diffusion method. Ethanol extract of neem has showed more effect on P. aeruginosa, E-coli than S. aureus and K. pneumonia with combination of CUD and pepper extract. CUD and pepper did not show any inhibition of test bacteria in low concentration. The antibacterial effect of combination of extract and CUD was higher than the inhibition caused by extract alone and is suggestive of the bioenhancing role of cow urine distillate and pepper. Moreover, inhibition of test bacteria was observed with less concentration of extract on combining with CUD

An Improved Membrane Filtration Method for Enumeration of Faecal Coliforms and E. Coli by a Fluorogenic β-Glucuronidase Assay

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Augoustinos ◽  
N. A. Grabow ◽  
B. Genthe ◽  
R. Kfir
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Glucuronidase Assay

A fluorogenic β-glucuronidase assay comprising membrane filtration followed by selective enumeration on m-FC agar at 44.5°C and further confirmation using tlie 4-metliylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucuronide (MUG) containing medium was evaluated for the detection of Escherichia coli in water. A total of 200 typical blue and non-typical blue colonies were isolated from sea and fresh water samples using initial selective enumeration on m-FC agar. Pure cultures of the selected colonies were further tested using the MUG assay and identified using the API 20E method. Of the colonies tested which were shown to be positive using the MUG assay 99.4% were Escherichia coli. The results of this study indicate the combination of the m-FC method followed by the MUG assay to be highly efficient for the selection and confirmation of E. coli from a wide range of environmental waters.

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