scholarly journals Definisi dan Konsepsi Falsafah Islam

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Nanang Tahqiq
Keyword(s):  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract : This academic manuscript intensely and scrupulously examines convolutions within the definition of Islamic Philosophy. Entirely numerous genres of meanings on the Islamic falsafa lavishly subsist, and the writer has uncovered thirteen outlooks. Each of them holds its own reason, intention and locale background. Apart from definition, the article portrays polemics and paradoxes dealing with terms of falsafa renowned in the Indonesian common parlance. Finally, it considers at a glance the meaning of the Western philosophy just to discuss a juxtapose with Islamic falsafa.    Keywords : Meanings, Concepts, Terms.   Abstrak: : Naskah akademik ini membedah secara mendalam dan komperhensif kompleksitas terkelindan definisi falsafah Islam. Terdapat berbagai macam makna, dan penulis menemukan sebanyak tiga belas batasan. Masing-masing batasan memunyai alasan dan latarbelakang tersendiri. Selain definisi, sang artikel juga menyibak kontroversi dan paradoks melingkupi istilah-istilah dikenal dalam falsafah Islam di Indonesia. Konsekuensi penelitian ini pada akhirnya mengimbas guna menyoal definisi dimiliki falsafah Barat.Kata kunci : Makna, Konsep, Istilah.

scholarly journals What is a firm? A reply to Jean-Philippe Robé

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Simon Deakin ◽  
David Gindis ◽  
Geoffrey M. Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
The Law ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract In his recent book on Property, Power and Politics, Jean-Philippe Robé makes a strong case for the need to understand the legal foundations of modern capitalism. He also insists that it is important to distinguish between firms and corporations. We agree. But Robé criticizes our definition of firms in terms of legally recognized capacities on the grounds that it does not take the distinction seriously enough. He argues that firms are not legally recognized as such, as the law only knows corporations. This argument, which is capable of different interpretations, leads to the bizarre result that corporations are not firms. Using etymological and other evidence, we show that firms are treated as legally constituted business entities in both common parlance and legal discourse. The way the law defines firms and corporations, while the product of a discourse which is in many ways distinct from everyday language, has such profound implications for the way firms operate in practice that no institutional theory of the firm worthy of the name can afford to ignore it.

scholarly journals Towards A Redefinition Of Quality Management In Accordance With Islam

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Fadzila Azni Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Customer Needs ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Islamic Institutions

This paper aims to discuss the need to redefine quality management in accordance with Islam by analysing the existing quality management definition from the Islamic philosophy perspective. The redefinition of quality management is an important contribution to the management of Islamic development institutions. Discussion towards the redefinition of quality management in this paper is based on theoretical analysis of the existing conventional quality management. This paper attempts to argue that the meaning of the existing conventional quality management is mainly limited to material and tangible aspects, such as commercialisation, increased revenues, competitiveness and meeting customer needs, whereas the philosophy and principles that underpin the development of Islamic institutions are unique and comprehensive compared to the limited material and tangible aspects. This paper proves there is a need to fill the gap in quality management of Islamic development institutions by coming up with a definition of quality management from the Islamic perspective.

Definition, Indian concepts of

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibajiban Bhattacharyya
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Essential Property ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Direct Acquaintance ◽  
Group A ◽  
Way Of Knowing ◽  
Definition Of

Definitions in Indian philosophy are conceived very differently from definitions in Western philosophy. In Western philosophy and logic, it is usual to define a term or a linguistic expression. A definition here consists of a ‘definiens’, typically a longer expression, statement or proposal, and a ‘definiendum’, a shorter expression or term whose meaning is established by the definiens. Definitions permit the definiendum to be put in place of the definiens and are thus ‘abbreviations’ (for example, ‘father’ is an abbrevation of ‘male parent’). In India, definitions in the sense of abbreviations were regularly used in grammar from the earliest times, as in the work of Pāṇini (c.800 bc). In Indian philosophy, however, definitions are not conceived of as abbreviations. We may have direct acquaintance with an object; this is one way of knowing it. We may also know an object or many objects through their properties or features; this is another way of knowing them. These properties or features are the modes under which objects are cognized. If we know objects through the properties that belong to all of them and only to them, then the objects are collected together through their properties to form a group. A group is nothing real; it is a way of collecting objects by knowing them under one mode. When we know a group of objects through properties common to all of them and only to them, we may also want to know another set of properties or features which also belongs to all the objects and only to them. The second set of properties is the defining mark (lakṣaṇa), or, simply, the definition, of the objects collected together into a group by being known under one mode. The objects themselves are the definienda of the definition. The first set of properties through which the definienda are collected together to form a group is called ‘the limiting properties of being the definienda of the definition’. The defining mark, that is, the definition, is not an essential property of the definienda, but is only a property (or set of properties) common to all of them and only them.

Hegelianism, Russian

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Walicki
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Speculative Philosophy ◽  
Authoritarian Government ◽  
Russian Intellectual History ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Hegelian Philosophy

In Russian intellectual history the so-called ‘remarkable decade’ of 1838–48 (P.V. Annenkov’s expression) could be characterized as a truly ‘philosophical epoch’. Speculative philosophy was seen by then as directly relevant to all important questions of national existence. A similar situation obtained then, in exactly the same years, in the lands of partitioned Poland. In both countries all philosophical discussions revolved around Hegel, whose system was perceived as the culminating point in the development of Western philosophy. In Russia the fascination with Hegelianism was widespread and profound, reaching distant provincial centres and leaving its mark on literature. ‘Philosophical notions’, wrote Ivan Kireevskii in 1845, ’have become quite commonplace here now. There is scarcely a person who does not use philosophical terminology, nor any young man who is not steeped in reflections on Hegel’. Herzen provides an identical testimony. Hegel’s works, he wrote, were discussed incessantly; there was not a paragraph in the three parts of the Logic, in the two of the Aesthetics, the Encyclopaedia and so on, which had not been the subject of desperate disputes for several nights together. People who loved each other avoided each other for weeks at a time because they disagreed about the definition of ‘all-embracing spirit’, or had taken as a personal insult an opinion on the ’absolute personality and its existence in itself’. (Herzen [1853] 1968: 398) This vivid reception of Hegelianism was a socially important phenomenon, meeting several deep-seated psychological demands of the young Russian intelligentsia. First, as in Germany, speculative idealism provided the intelligentsia with a sort of compensation for the paralysis of public life under authoritarian government. Second, Hegelian philosophy was welcomed as an antidote to introspective day-dreaming and attitudes of Romantic revolt; in this context Hegelianism was largely interpreted as a philosophy of ’reconciliation with reality’. Somewhat later this conservative interpretation of Hegelianism was replaced by a Left-Hegelian philosophy of rational and conscious action; at this stage Hegelianism came to be a powerful instrument in the struggle against Slavophile conservative Romanticism. Both as a philosophy of reconciliation and as a philosophy of action Russian Hegelianism was above all a philosophy of reintegration; a philosophy which helped young intellectuals in overcoming their feeling of alienation and in building bridges between their ideals and reality.

Inbreeding and Outbreeding

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas M. Waser ◽  
Charles F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Selfish Genes ◽  
Gene Copies ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Diploid Individual ◽  
Definition Of

Contemplate the descent of a piece of DNA (or RNA in organisms using this as their genetic material). The DNA is copied, and copies are passed to descendants. If the copies were error-free we could rightly think of them as perfect clones that pass down indefinitely through the eons. This logic led Richard Dawkins to speak of immortal coils in his book on selfish genes; here, it instead brings up issues of the common ancestry of genes and of individuals, and of the definition and consequences of inbreeding and outbreeding, the subjects of this chapter. When two individuals share one or more ancestor, they are relatives, both in common parlance and by technical definition in biology. The consequence of their mating is inbreeding, that is, the production of offspring receiving copies of a given gene through both mother and father that can be traced to the common ancestor(s). These gene copies are identical by descent (IBD; not to be confused with an acronym for inbreeding depression, see below), a shorthand for “identical by the fact of descending as copies of the same original piece of DNA”. The probability that two gene copies are IBD in a diploid individual, or its inbreeding coefficient, symbolized by f, is a simple function of the genetic relatedness of its parents and the segregation of genes during meiosis and gametogenesis. Because the probability is one-half that two gametes from the same individual carry identical gene copies, fertilization by self produces f of one-half, a brother-sister mating or parent-offspring mating produces f of one-quarter, a first-cousin mating produces f of one-sixteenth, and so on (see “Measurement of Inbreeding and Outbreeding,” below). In these examples, we assume that neither common ancestor(s) nor parents themselves are inbred; such inbreeding reflects additional common ancestry and so inflates f. From all of this, a definition of outbreeding as “mating of nonrelatives” follows automatically. As just defined, inbreeding and outbreeding rely on an absolute measure of relatedness. An alternative definition that may be of more value in real, finite populations (as opposed to ideal, infinite ones) is that inbreeding is mating with relatives more often than expected by chance, and outbreeding the opposite.

scholarly journals Editorial: Conciliar Trinitarianism

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Beau Branson ◽  
Joseph Jedwab ◽  
Scott Williams
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Analytic Philosophy ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Mutual Engagement ◽  
Apparent Inconsistency ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Trinity

Much recent work in analytic theology concerned with Trinitarian doctrine has been limited both by: (1) a narrow focus on the apparent inconsistency of the doctrine and (2) little regard for the historical context in which the doctrine developed. This special issue represents an effort to overcome these limitations in two ways. First, following Timothy Pawl’s definition of “Conciliar Christology,” we define “Conciliar Trinitarianism” as the conjunction of claims about the Trinity in the first seven Ecumenical Councils. Rather than speculative attempts at reconciling, say, sentences taken from the Athanasian Creed, or the common parlance of contemporary, Western Christians, the papers in this issue all address specifically Conciliar Trinitarianism. Second, the special issue brings together both analytic philosophers and patristics scholars in a format in which, in several cases, a scholar from one field responds to a scholar from another. We hope that this will help to jump-start some further conversations between scholars in analytic philosophy and in patristics, as we believe both fields can benefit from a deeper mutual engagement in the study of Conciliar Trinitarianism.

scholarly journals URGENSI FILSAFAT ISLAM DALAM KURIKULUM PTAI

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-132
Author(s):  
M. Sukamdani
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
Ibn Rushd ◽  
Abbasid Caliphate

This paper discusses the urgency of Islamic philosophy in the curriculum ofIslamic colleges in Indonesia. The critical description of this paper is the positivistparadigm. This then makes humans eliminate bases of theological philosophicalthought (especially Islam). Islamic education in Indonesia, in this case PTAI,instead of using the philosophy of Islam, chose to use western philosophy asa center of excellence. Islamic philosophy itself arises from the translationof philosophical works on a large scale during the Abbasid Caliphate. In itsdevelopment, Islamic philosophy has gone up and down. The most phenomenal intidal Islamic philosophy is the attack of al-Ghazali and Ibn Rushd counterattack.The philosophy of Islam in Indonesia is still quite young. However, the reasonsare not necessarily used as an argument that Islamic philosophy is not goodenough to be the basis of scientific colleges. Research, development, publication ofIslamic philosophy are continuously done to enrich the discourse. In the contextof higher education, there is now an offer to integrate and connect “common”secular philosophy (Islam) and al-Qur’an traditions. Thus, the dichotomy ofwestern-Islam, secularity knowledge and neglect of religion and philosophy canbe resolved.Kata kunci: Islamic philosophy, curriculum, PTAI

scholarly journals Problems of Lexicographic Description of Dialect and Common Parlance Vocabulary (On the Example of the Word Chyo)

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Maria V. Bobrova ◽  
◽  
Elena V. Kolos’ko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Modern Theory ◽  
Dictionary Entry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
Theory Of Discourse ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
Illustrative Material

The problems of describing dialect and common parlance lexemes in a dialect dictionary are raised in the article. These problems are illustrated by the example of the word chyo. The aim of the study was to reflect the issues caused by the use of such words (and the word chyo too) in dialect speech in content, formal and functionalcommunicative aspects, in connection with general issues of lexicographic theory. The material for the study was the card file for the Dictionary of Russian Folk Dialects, data from regional dictionaries. The identified problems form two main groups: 1) related to general methodological guidelines (justification for including the dialect and common parlance words in a dialect dictionary) and 2) related to the principles of describing such lexemes in a dictionary entry. Within the first group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) about the correctness of including dialect and common parlance words in a differential dialect dictionary due to their functional and stylistic attribution, 2) about the differentiation of speech variants of dialect and common parlance words. Within the second group, particular questions are highlighted: 1) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the spelling of header words, b) on the spelling of dialect and common parlance words in illustrative material, 2) on the lexico-grammatical attribution of dialect and common parlance words, 3) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words: a) on the definition of semantics of dialect and common parlance words in a specific context, b) on the definition of semantics of polysemantic dialect and common parlance words, 4) on the determination of the status and description of the combinations of dialect and common parlance words with other words, 5) on the reflection of the functional and communicative status of dialect and common parlance words in a dictionary. It is concluded that the raised problems determine approaches to the lexicographic description of dialect and common parlance vocabulary in dialect dictionaries. Dialect lexicographers should work taking into account active processes in live spoken speech and language, and rely on the modern theory of discourse. The problems lexicographers face require special training in virtually all areas of modern linguistic and lexicographic theory. Lexicographers have a high responsibility in making a decision that can lead to the overcoming of problems that have arisen when writing a dictionary entry, as well as to the emergence of new ones.

Islamic philosophy, modern

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parviz Morewedge ◽  
Oliver Leaman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Active Area ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Islamic Philosophy ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Mulla Sadra ◽  
Conceptual Problems ◽  
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini

There are a number of major trends in modern Islamic philosophy. First, there is the challenge of the West to traditional Islamic philosophical and cultural principles and the desire to establish a form of thought which is distinctive. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards, Islamic philosophers have attempted to redefine Islamic philosophy; some, such as Hasan Hanafi and Ali Mazrui, have sought to give modern Islamic philosophy a global significance and provide an agenda for world unity. Second, there is a continuing tradition of interest in illuminationist and mystical thought, especially in Iran where the influence of Mulla Sadra and al-Suhrawardi has remained strong. The influence of the latter can be seen in the works of Henry Corbin and Seyyed Hossein Nasr; Mulla Sadra has exercised an influence over figures such as Mahdi Ha’iri Yazdi and the members of Qom School, notably Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. The philosopher Abdul Soroush has introduced a number of concepts from Western philosophy into Iran. Finally, there have been many thinkers who have adapted and employed philosophical ideas which are originally non-Islamic as part of the normal philosophical process of seeking to understand conceptual problems. This is a particularly active area, with a number of philosophers from many parts of the Islamic world investigating the relevance to Islam of concepts such as Hegelianism and existentialism. At the same time, mystical philosophy continues to exercise an important influence. Modern Islamic philosophy is thus quite diverse, employing a wide variety of techniques and approaches to its subject.

scholarly journals The Eastern heart and Galen's ventricle: a historical review of the purpose of the brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza N. Baig ◽  
Faheem Chishty ◽  
Phillip Immesoete ◽  
Chris S. Karas
Keyword(s):  
Historical Review ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Brain

✓The seat of consciousness has not always been thought to reside in the brain. Its “source” is as varied as the cultures of those who have sought it. At present, although most may agree that the central nervous system is held to be the root of individualism in much of Western philosophy, this has not always been the case, and this viewpoint is certainly not unanimously accepted across all cultures today. In this paper the authors undertook a literary review of ancient texts of both Eastern and Western societies as well as modern writings on the organic counterpart to the soul. The authors have studied both ancient Greek and Roman material as well as Islamic and Eastern philosophy. Several specific aspects of the human body have often been proposed as the seat of consciousness, not only in medical texts, but also within historical documents, poetry, legal proceedings, and religious literature. Among the most prominently proposed have been the heart and breath, favoring a cardiopulmonary seat of individualism. This understanding was by no means stagnant, but evolved over time, as did the role of the brain in the definition of what it means to be human. Even in the 21st century, no clear consensus exists between or within communities, scientific or otherwise, on the brain's capacity for making us who we are. Perhaps, by its nature, our consciousness—and our awareness of our surroundings and ourselves—is a function of what surrounds us, and must therefore change as the world changes and as we change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document