ASPECTOS DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO ESTADO DO TOCANTINS: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA. ASPECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE STATE OF TOCANTINS: A LITERATURE REVIEW.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
Wanessa Abreu de Resende ◽  
Julia Lima Baia ◽  
Maria Angela De Mattos Saboia Peixoto Franco ◽  
Murilo Labre Tavares ◽  
Ronaldo Luís Oliveira Delgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Movement ◽  
The State ◽  
Central China ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
First Case ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
The City ◽  
Control Management

RESUMO Introdução: O novo coronavírus surgiu na cidade de Wuhan, na China central, através da comercialização de animais selvagens. Ele pode ser disseminado entre os indivíduos não só pelas vias respiratórias, mas também por exposição direta ou indireta com as mucosas ocular, bucal e nasal. No estado do Tocantins, em virtude da baixa adesão ao isolamento social e insuficiência de leitos hospitalares, associados à posição geográfica que promove interações entre regiões, lugares, cidades e pessoas, facilitando a propagação da Covid-19, ocorreu em Palmas a primeira notificação, em 18 de março de 2020. Já no interior do estado, a primeira ocorreu em 27 de março de 2020 em Araguaína, que exerce a segunda principal centralidade urbana no estado. Objetivos: Avaliar a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos e demográficos no controle, manejo e resolução dos casos de Covid-19 do Estado do Tocantins. Metodologia: Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico na base de dados eletrônicos do Google Scholar, utilizando-se os descritores “Covid-19”, “epidemiologia”, “pandemia” e “Tocantins”. Resultados:  Notou-se que os casos se concentram principalmente em polos regionais, onde rodovias e o movimento de pessoas contribuem de forma significativa para haver disseminação do coronavírus, sobretudo no Médio Norte do Araguaia, sendo Araguaína a cidade com a maior porcentagem de óbitos, a maioria do sexo masculino. Importante lembrar que os diferentes níveis socioeconômicos entre as populações do Tocantins exemplificados pela dificuldade de acesso à informação têm contribuído para o aumento do número de casos. Além disso, destaca-se a questão da subnotificação de casos assintomáticos e a insuficiência da distribuição de testes para todos. Conclusão: A circulação interestadual e internacional implicou na entrada e na disseminação da pandemia de Covid-19 no Tocantins, seguindo curvas ascendentes sobretudo em municípios sem nenhuma condição para o atendimento médico-hospitalar de casos graves, implicando, portanto, em maior demora para a flexibilização das atividades econômicas. Palavras-chave: COVID-19; Epidemiologia; Pandemia; Tocantins.   ABSTRACT Introduction: The new coronavirus first appeared in the city of Wuhan, in Central China, through the commercialization of wild animals. It can be disseminated not only through the airways, but also through direct or indirect exposure to the ocular, oral and nasal mucosa. In the state of Tocantins, due to low acceptence to social isolation and insufficient number of hospital beds, associated with the geographical position which promotes interactions between regions, places, cities and people, facilitating the spread of Covid-19, the first notification occurred in the capital Palmas, on March 18, 2020. In the other parts of the state, the first case was on March 27, 2020 in Araguaína, which represents the second main urban centrality in the state. Objectives: to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic and demographic aspects in the control, management and resolution of Covid-19 cases in the State of Tocantins. Methodology: A bibliographic survey was carried out on Google Scholar electronic database, using the descriptors "Covid-19", "epidemiology", "pandemic" and "Tocantins". Results: It was noted that the cases are mainly concentrated in regional centers, where highways and the mass movement of people contribute to spread the coronavirus, especially in the Middle North of Araguaia, with Araguaína being the city with the highest percentage of deaths, most male. It is important to remember that the different socioeconomic levels among the populations of Tocantins, exemplified by the difficulty in accessing information, have contributed to increase the number of cases. Moreover, the underreporting of asymptomatic cases and the insufficient distribution of tests to everyone are highlighted. Conclusion: The interstate and international circulation resulted in the entrance and dissemination of the Covid-19 pandemic in Tocantins, following upward curves, especially in municipalities without any condition for medical and hospital care of serious cases, thus implying a delay in flexibilization of the economic activities. Keywords: COVID-19; Epidemiology; Pandemic; Tocantins.

Tianguis as a Possibility of Autogestion: Street Vendors Claim Rights to the City in Cancún, Mexico

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Global South ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
The City ◽  
Rights To The City

During the past 20 years, street vendors in various cities in the Global South have resisted aggressive state sanctioned removals and relocation strategies by organizing for vendors’ rights, protesting, and creating street vending member organizations with flexible relationships to the local state. Through these means, street vendors claim “rights in the city,” even as the bodies they inhabit and the spaces they produce are devalued by state legitimizing systems. In this article, I present a case study of the Union de Tianguistas y Comerciantes Ambulantes del Estado de Quintana Roo, a “bottom-up” driven, flexible street vending membership organization not formalized by the state in Cancún. I argue that the Union becomes a platform for street vendors to claim rights to the city, and exemplifies vending systems that combine economic activities with leisure spaces in marginalized urban areas, and circumvent strict vending regulations without being absorbed into or directly monitored by the state. Highlighting the Union’s sustainable practices of spatial transformation, and vision of self-managed spaces of socioeconomic urban life in Cancún, illuminates how the members of the Union claim rights to the city as an example of a process of awakening toward imagining possibilities for urban futures that moves away from the state and capitalists systems, and akin to what Lefebvre termed autogestion toward resisting neoliberal ideologies that currently dominate urban planning projects in the Global South.

scholarly journals Imperatriz do Maranhão: proposição para a compreensão do processo de ocupação e consolidação da cidade

GeoTextos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Lima Santos ◽  
Fabrizia Gioppo Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Central Objective ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
History Of Formation

Este trabalho ressalta aspectos importantes do processo formativo da cidade de Imperatriz, considerada a segunda maior cidade do estado do Maranhão, situada na região nordeste brasileira. Como objetivo central elege-se a discussão e a análise do processo de ocupação da cidade, na elaboração de um modelo teórico que permita aglutinar esse entendimento. Assim, propõe-se que tal processo seja entendido mediante a abordagem das frentes de ocupação, dos estágios evolutivos e da sucessão das atividades econômicas. Como resultado, a abordagem permitiu identificar que, no histórico de formação da cidade, houve três estágios importantes e distintos, respectivamente pelas características: “exploratória”, “desenvolvimentista” e, atualmente, a “consolidação”, todos compostos por atividades comerciais distintas, configuradoras dos estágios econômicos. Abstract IMPERATRIZ DO MARANHÃO: PROPOSITION FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCESS OF OCCUPATION AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE CITY This work highlights important aspects of the formative process of the city of Imperatriz, considered the second largest city in the state of Maranhão, located in the northeast region of Brazil. A central objective is the discussion and analysis of the process of occupation of the city, in the elaboration of a theoretical model that allows to agglutinate this understanding. Thus, it is proposed that this process be understood through the approach of occupation fronts, evolutionary stages and succession of economic activities. As a result, the approach allowed to identify that in the history of formation of the city, there were three important stages and distinguished, respectively by the characteristics: “exploratory”, “developmental” and now “consolidation”, all composed by distinct commercial activities, economic conditions.

Assessment of the state of statutory regulation of departmental control

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1401
Author(s):  
Sergei V. GOLOVIN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
Control Direction ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Statutory Regulation ◽  
Control Management

Subject. This article studies the current norms and rules enshrined in legislative acts and regulatory legal acts of executive authorities of various levels regulating departmental control in relation to State (municipal) institutions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the state of the regulatory framework in the field of organization and implementation of departmental control of financial and economic activities of State (municipal) institutions. It also aims to identify topical issues of statutory regulation of departmental control and outline possible directions for its development. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of analysis, grouping, comparison, and generalization. Results. Based on the study of legal acts regulating the models of financial control, management functions and powers of executive bodies in relation to subordinate State (municipal) institutions, the article identifies certain powers of the founder that require regulatory consolidation, and proposes a structure for the concept of departmental control. Conclusions. The article confirms the hypothesis of insufficient statutory regulation of departmental control of financial and economic activity of State (municipal) institutions and the need to develop a legislative document conceptually defining the control direction of the activities of executive authorities.

Privilege was given to Kamiаnets City by Princes Yuri (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374: Lists and Interpretations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 181-198
Author(s):  
Dmytro Vashchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
First Case ◽  
To Come ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The privilege which was given to Kamianets city in Podillia by Princes Yuriy (George) and Alexander Koriatovych in 1374 is quite famous in the scientific community. It is believed that due to this privilege Kamianets received Magdeburg Law. Up to now it only has been preserved in a few lists which were studied in detail by Yu. Sitsinskyi in his work "Podillia under the Rule of Lithuania". According to him two lists were kept in Kamianets Historical and Archaeological Museum: one in the diploma of King August III dated June 17, 1735, the second one in the diploma of King Stanislaw Augustus dated May 29, 1765. Besides in the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast we managed to come across several lists of this document. We are talking about the fund no. 120 "Podillia Chief Court" which has 4043 units of storage for the period 1796–1831 years. Until 2003 it was stored in Kamianets-Podilskyі City Archive. After the fire which occurred in April 2003 all materials were transported to the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Oblast and restored. The texts of this privilege are contained in the following cases: 1) Inventory 1, case 3352: The case of lands belonging to the city of Kamianets. Volume 1. It was begun in 1537. It was completed in 1730. It had 240 sheets; 2) Inventory 1, case 1631: concerning the boundaries of Kamianets-Podilskyi city with adjacent possessions and state settlements. Volume 1: It was begun on November, 24 1799. It was completed on June, 11 1800. It had 130 sheets. In the first case we have only one version of the privilege in Polish (no. 1). The document was restored, glued of two parts with an offset of one line. The privilege is dated November 7, 1374. We do not know anything about this list at the moment. In the second case four lists were preserved. Polish versions are on sheets of 20–20 versus (no. 2) and 56–57 versus (no. 3) which had been dated November 7, 1374 and two translations into Russian are on sheets 6–6 versus. (no. 4) 21–22 versus (no. 5) with similar dating. Exactly this case is very interesting since this document had been used in the lawsuit concerning land demarcation in Kamianets-Podilskyi after the capture of Podillia by the Russian Empire in 1793. At the end of the article an academic version of the text privilege in Polish as well as a Russian translation of these archival cases are published.

scholarly journals First outbreak and subsequent cases of Trypanosoma vivax in the state of Goiás, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Souza Azeredo Bastos ◽  
Adriana Marques Faria ◽  
Darling Mélany de Carvalho Madrid ◽  
Luciana Cardoso de Bessa ◽  
Guido Fontgalland Coelho Linhares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
The State ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
First Case ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Iatrogenic Transmission ◽  
The City

Abstract Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax has increased the reports in Brazil in the last decade. An outbreak is herein first reported in the state of Goiás, from May 2016 to January 2017. The outbreak start occurred in the city of Ipameri (Goiás) after the introduction of 18 auctioned cows from the state of Minas Gerais. Direct parasitological test (blood smears) and polymerase chain reactions targeting the catL genes diagnosed T. vivax infection. Fifty six cows from a herd of 161 were infected; 12 died during the outbreak and 44 animals persistently positive (by blood smears) even after chemical treatment were discarded. After this first case, five other cases were detected in state of Goiás. The spread of this disease can be linked to the commercialization of animals carrying T. vivax, allied to the iatrogenic transmission practice, using a single needle and syringe for all cows, during oxytocin administration before each milking.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN GEOECOLOGICAL PROCESSES ON THE COAST OF THE TAGANROG BAY OF THE AZOV SEA (WITHIN THE BOUNDARIES OF THE CITY OF TAGANROG, ROSTOV REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 196-200
Author(s):  
A.G. Shmidko ◽  
◽  
G.A. Shmidko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Azov Sea ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The City ◽  
Taganrog Bay

The study of the geoecological problems of the coastal zone of the Taganrog Bay is still not given due attention by the administrative authorities. Although it is the deterioration of the geoecological situation that deserves special attention. In this regard, the assessment of the development of modern ecological and geological processes is an urgent task. The coast of the Taganrog Bay has an exceptionally advantageous geographical position, and has a significant natural resource potential, which contributes to the development of various types of economic activities and causes a deep transformation of the natural complex of the coastal zone

scholarly journals THE URBAN POOR in DHAKA: PERSPECTIVES ON THE RIGHT TO THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul AREFIN ◽  
Tamanna RASHID
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
The State ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Negotiation Strategies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City

The urban poor experience serious discontents, harassment, eviction, police repression and local goons threatening when using urban space for living and livelihood purposes. This study pursues to understand the poor people’s negotiation strategies with different powerful agents who occupy money, muscleman and political affiliation. Following a mixed method approach, this study investigates the two biggest slums in Dhaka as case studies. Findings show that urban poor have to build different social-contract relations with various local agents as survival mechanisms while economic activities using urban space are considered to be illegal in Bangladesh. The role of the state is somewhat ambiguous in this regard. On the one hand, the state is not evicting the poor permanently from the city but it is repatriating them on other grounds and, on the other hand, it permits hundreds of informal intermediary agents to work for sustaining informal urban settlements for the poor people. We argue that these distinctive socio-structural arrangements in Dhaka city is hindering poor people from getting united and claiming their rights to the city while also not providing them proper opportunities to fully appropriate the urban space. These socio-economic relations need to be considered in order to make a just city for all, from the RTC perspective.

scholarly journals HE PROCESS OF INTERNAL MIGRATION OF THE ADJARIAN HIGHLANDS TO THE MODERN STAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Natela Tsiklashvili ◽  
Ketevan Chanidze ◽  
Zeinab Surmanidze
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
First Case ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Internal migration is an important demographic process that negatively affects a country›s demographic balance. It can be both voluntary and forced. In the first case, the migration of people from the village to the city is due to socio- economic reasons. In the second case, people are forced to leave their homes and move during natural disasters and conflicts (eco-migrants and displaced persons). The problem can be considered in a regional context and highlight a number of trends that are relevant for the Autonomous Republic of Adjara. The reduction of the population of regions is importance for ensuring demographic security, both for using the potential of economic development and for the population in the regions adjacent to the state border. Since the internal migration flows are large, this can lead to an increase in labor flows from the regions. In addition, in the case of vulnerable groups, such as displaced persons and eco-migrants who live in different municipalities, additional problems arise in terms of integration resettlement. According to experts, the control of internal migration processes was practically destroyed in the post- Soviet period. The movement of the population within the country is no longer controlled; accordingly, the issue is less studied in the scientific direction. Management of internal population flows caused by armed conflict, socio-economic and environmental problems requires more attention from the state. It is especially important to develop and implement policies that encourage the use of accumulated human and financial resources for sustainable development, which will allow local residents to stay in their places of residence. This will affect not only urbanization / emigration trends, but also general macroeconomic indicators, income levels and living standards.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF TELUK ANSON TOWN IN THE STATE OF PERAK, MALAYSIA, 1882 - 1957

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-353
Author(s):  
Dr.Khairi Ariffin ◽  
Dr.Ganesan Shanmugavelu ◽  
Dr.Mohd.Hairy Ibrahim ◽  
Dr.Ishak Saat ◽  
Mohd.Kamal Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
National Archives ◽  
History Of ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
The City

The writing of this study is about the town of Teluk Anson in the state of Perak, Malaysia, during the British colonial era. The opening of the Teluk Anson town has been a factor in the development of economic activities in Teluk Anson especially with the existence of the Teluk Anson port which is the focus of merchant ships from within and outside Perak. The availability of road and rail links has made Teluk Anson the focus of the arrival of various communities to contribute to the economic boom in Teluk Anson. This study uses a qualitative method that emphasizes on the analysis of primary and secondary documents obtained from the National Archives of Malaysia and public universities in Malaysia. The findings of the study indicate that the rapid progress and development of the Teluk Anson town under the British colonial administration has driven the Teluk Anson urbanization process by providing various infrastructure facilities for the Teluk Anson community. The construction of a medium of communication through roads, railways, and the opening of a port made Teluk Anson an important economic destination for European investors and local traders. In conclusion, the city of Teluk Anson is a very important city in developing economic activities and one of the centers of British colonial administration in the state of Perak. KEYWORDS : Teluk Anson, Municipilaty, British Colonial, Port, Infrastructure

scholarly journals The prediction of floods in Venice: methods, models and uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Umgiesser ◽  
Marco Bajo ◽  
Christian Ferrarin ◽  
Andrea Cucco ◽  
Piero Lionello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storm Surge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Northern Adriatic Sea ◽  
Northern Adriatic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The City ◽  
Storm Surge Forecasting

Abstract. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in storm surge forecasting and its particular application in the northern Adriatic Sea. The city of Venice relies crucially on a good flood forecasting system in order to protect the extensive cultural heritage, their population, and their economic activities. Storm surge forecasting systems are in place to warn the population of imminent flood threats. In the future, it will be of paramount importance to increase the reliability of these forecasting systems, especially with the new MOSE mobile barriers that will be completed by 2021, and will depend on accurate storm surge forecasting to control their operation. In this paper, the physics behind the flooding of Venice is discussed, and the state of the art of European storm surge forecasting is reviewed. The challenges that lie ahead for Venice and its forecasting systems are analyzed, especially in view of uncertainty. Some extreme events that happened in the past and were particularly difficult to forecast are also described.

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