scholarly journals EARLY GROWTH OF JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq) IN A DRAINED PEATLAND OF PELALAWAN, RIAU

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Ahmad Junaedi ◽  
Nina Mindawati ◽  
Yanto Rochmayanto
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba

The desirability to explore other tree species that can be used to substitute Acacia crassicarpa in forest plantation has increased. One of the early insights that must be known is the growth performances of tree species candidates, especially in planting conditions (site and silviculture) similar to A. crassicarpa plantation. This study evaluated the growth performance of jabon (A. cadamba Miq.) and its relationship with soil properties in a drained peatland. The research was conducted by establishing experimental plots of jabon in a drained peatland (DP) using a randomised complete block design with three spacing (2 m x 3 m, 2.5 m x 3 m, 3 m x 3 m) as treatment and three blocks as replications. The study observed survival, growth and soil chemical properties. At 24 months after planting (MaP), since the toxicity of soil micronutrients was excessive as one of the main factors; the mortality rate of jabon was high (62%), while its growth was poor (height = 259 cm and DBH = 3.74 cm) in drained peatland. However, the study observed that 7% of jabon had good growth, with a range of height growth at 24 MaP of 401–660 cm. These results indicated that though overall jabon did not show good growth in DP, however, it was found that 7% of jabon had promising growth; therefore, it was suggested that through tree improvement program and certain treatments to overcome micronutrient toxicity and weed suppression, the possibility of jabon was able to be developed in a DP for forest plantation is still.

scholarly journals GROWTH PERFORMANCES AND THEIR IMPACT ON CORN YIELD OF BABY CORN AS AFFECTED BY VARIETIES AND DIFFERENT SOURCES OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Md. Humaun Kabir ◽  
Md. Delwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Harun Or Rashid ◽  
Md. Shahriar Kobir ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Different Sources

Baby corn is an exhaustive cereal in terms of nutrients absorbance from soil and thus soil become easily loss it’s beneficial physical and chemical properties. To maintain soil health during cereal production like baby corn both chemical and organic sources of fertilizers can be used, thus a study was executed at the agronomy field of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh in the year of 2017-2018 to find out the growth performances and their impact on corn yield of baby corn as affected by varieties and different sources of nitrogen fertilizer. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design with three replications with two factors where two varieties viz., BARI Sweet corn-1 (V1) and Baby star (V2) acted as Factor A and five sources of nitrogen fertilizer viz.,100% recommended N from urea (N1), 75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung (N2), 50% N from urea + 50% N from cowdung (N3), 75% N from urea + 25% N from poultry manure (N4), 50% N from urea + 50% N from poultry manure (N5) acted as Factor B. The highest plant height (153.0 cm), number of leaves per plant (7.33), leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value 38.68), (TDM) (40.60 g plant-1), corn yield (3520 kg ha-1) were recorded in the interaction between Baby star when fertilized with N2 (75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung). All the growth parameters showed strong positive correlation with corn yield. The highest harvest index (0.075) was observed when BARI Sweet corn-1 was cultivated with N2 (75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung). Therefore, it may be concluded that for better growth performance and for better corn yield Baby star is the promising baby corn variety when cultivated with (75% N from urea + 25% N from cowdung) for better growth performances and maximization of baby corn yield.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

Effect of Sunflower Residues and Herbicide on Weed Suppression, Grain Yield and Economics of Transplanted Aman Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
SS Tanu ◽  
P Biswas ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
SC Samanta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Environmentally Sound

A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Field Laboratory, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali from July 2018 to November 2018 to evaluate the effect of sunflower residues and herbicides on the yield and economic performance of transplanted Aman rice. Weed control methods tested were T1 = weedy check (Unweeded control), T2 = Weed-free check by hand weeding twice, T3 = Pendimethalin, T4 = Pretilachlor, T5 = Butachlor, T6 = Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T7 = Bensulfuron methyl + Acetachlor, T8 = Bispyriback sodium, T9 = 2,4-D amine, T10 = MCPA, T11 = Sunflower residues, T12 = Sunflower residues + 100% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T13 = Sunflower residues + 75% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl, T14 = Sunflower residues + 50% Pyrazosulfuron ethyl. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with fourteen treatments replicated thrice. Weedy check registered significantly the highest total weed density (354.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter (51.81 g-2) while weed-free treatment by hand weeding twice recorded significantly the lowest total weed density (6.67 m-2) and total weed dry matter 0.49 g-2) . Weedy check produced the highest weed index (34.24%) and hand weeding produced the lowest. Among different herbicides applied alone, butachlor had the lowest total weed density (15 m-2) and total weed dry matter (6.43 g-2) after hand weeding. Hand weeding recorded the highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1) which was statistically similar to pendimethalin, pretilachlor, butachlor, bensulfuron methyl + acetachlor and sunflower residues + 100% pyrazosulfuron ethyl. Higher grain yield was attributed to a higher number of panicle m-2, number of filled grains panicle-1 and 1000-grain weight. The highest gross margin (22955 Tk. ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.32) were obtained from butachlor. Integration of sunflower residues with pyrazosulfuron ethyl produced effective weed suppression and satisfactory yield comparable to butachlor. Although the integration is less profitable than butachlor the farmers can use this technology as a feasible and environmentally sound approach in transplanted Aman rice field. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 47-58

scholarly journals Fertilization and Shading Trials to Promote Pinus nigra Seedlings’ Nursery Growth under the Climate Change Demands

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3563
Author(s):  
Marianthi Tsakaldimi ◽  
Panagiota Giannaki ◽  
Vladan Ivetić ◽  
Nikoleta Kapsali ◽  
Petros Ganatsas
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
High Fertilization

Pinus nigra is one of the most widely used tree species for reforestation within its geographical distribution, as well as being a potential substitute for other tree species in Central Europe under future climate scenarios. P. nigra is transplanted into the field as two-year or three-year old seedlings because of its relatively low growth rate in the nursery. This study investigated the effects of fertilization programs and shading on P. nigra seedlings, aiming to accelerate early growth, and thus to reduce the nursery rearing time. The experiment (a completely randomized block design) was conducted in an open-air nursery by sowing seeds from Grevena, Northern Greece, in Quick pots filled with peat and perlite in a 2:1 ratio. The seedlings were subjected to two levels of fertilization—5 and 10 g L−1 NPK (30-10-10)—and two shading levels: 50% and 70%. At the ends of the first and second nursery growing season, we recorded the seedlings’ above- and below-ground morphology and biomass data. The results show that the application of all of the treatments produced seedlings which met the targeted quality standards for outplanting. However, the combination of a high fertilization rate and low shading level resulted in seedlings of a higher morphological quality, which is often considered to be an indicator for a successful seedling establishment in the field.

scholarly journals Spring-planted cover crops for weed control in soybean

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Katja Koehler-Cole ◽  
Christopher A. Proctor ◽  
Roger W. Elmore ◽  
David A. Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Small Grains

Abstract Replacing tillage with cover crops (CC) for weed management in corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems with mechanical weed control has many soil health benefits but in the western Corn Belt, CC establishment after harvest is hampered by cold temperatures, limited labor and few compatible CC species. Spring-planted CC may be an alternative, but information is lacking on suitable CC species. Our objective was to evaluate four spring-planted CC with respect to biomass production and weed suppression, concurrent with CC growth and post-termination. Cover crop species tested were oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), brown mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] and yellow mustard (Brassica hirta Moench). They were compared to no-CC treatments that were either tilled pre- and post-planting of soybean (no-CC tilled) or not tilled at all (no-CC weedy). CC were planted in late March to early April, terminated 52–59 days later using an undercutter, and soybean was planted within a week. The experiment had a randomized complete block design with four replications and was repeated for 3 years. Mustards and small grains produced similar amounts of biomass (1.54 Mg ha−1) but mustard biomass production was more consistent (0.85–2.72 Mg ha−1) than that of the small grains (0.35–3.81 Mg ha−1). Relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, mustards suppressed concurrent weed biomass in two out of 3 years, by 31–97%, and small grains suppressed concurrent weed biomass in only 1 year, by 98%. Six weeks after soybean planting, small grains suppressed weed biomass in one out of 3 years, by 79% relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, but mustards did not provide significant weed suppression. The no-CC tilled treatment suppressed weeds each year relative to the no-CC weedy treatment, on average 87%. The ineffective weed control by CC reduced soybean biomass by about 50% six weeks after planting. While spring-planted CC have the potential for pre-plant weed control, they do not provide adequate early season weed suppression for soybean.

Combined application of ammonium nitrate and goat manure: Effects on soil nutrients availability, Okra performance and sustainable food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 021-028
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Iderawumi ABDULRAHEEM ◽  
Sulaimon Abidemi LAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Urea Fertilizer ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Land Preparation ◽  
Goat Manure

Many see organic agriculture as the most sustainable form of farming and as the paradigm for global food production in the future. One of the solutions to food insecurity and malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa is to promote local crops, encourage the use of locally source materials as amendment, improve their traditional system of production, and so diversify subsistence crop. The major reasons are the lack of knowledge and skill in land preparation and agronomic practices, weather uncertainties, pest outbreak and above all the use of fertilizer. Hence, this research will be carried out to investigate the effects of integrated application of Urea fertilizer and Goat Manure on soil Nutrient Availability and Okra performance. Field trials were conducted with four treatments replicated three times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The treatments were Control (no Urea, no goat manure), 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer; 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 175kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer and 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 150kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer. Treatments were applied three weeks after planting by ring method with Urea and goat manure mixed. Soil physical and chemical properties, growth and yield parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range. 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer gave the highest plant height, leaf area as well as number of leaves than other treatment. However, the fruits weight, days of 50% flowering, number of fruit, fruits diameter and fruits length were significantly increased at 8t/ha-1 goat manure + 200kg/ha-1 urea fertilizer.

scholarly journals GROWTH OF DIFFERENT FRUIT TREE SPECIES IN SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS DURING THE ESTABLISHMENT PHASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1040-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINA DELLA GIUSTINA ◽  
ROBERTA APARECIDA CARNEVALLI ◽  
MARCELO RIBEIRO ROMANO ◽  
DIEGO BARBOSA ALVES ANTONIO ◽  
CAMILA ECKSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Silvopastoral Systems ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Plant Accumulation ◽  
Establishment Phase

ABSTRACT The benefits of integrating agricultural components into silvopastoral systems are widely known, but the limited knowledge about ecological processes in the establishment phase impedes the use of this technology. The objective of this study was to evaluate interactions between fruit tree species and the sward layer under canopies of trees in the establishment phase of silvopastoral systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil. The experiment was implemented in October 2013, with an evaluation period from January to July 2015. The systems were composed of eight fruit trees intercropped with Tifton 85 grass. A completely randomized block design was adopted, with two replications per area per treatment. We evaluated the agronomic performance of the fruit trees, the categories of the light environment, and the plant accumulation under the canopies. The acerola fruit trees of the variety Roxinha had higher Leaf area index (LAI) and Light interception (LI) values, showing a denser canopy with small porosity and the lowest light quality available to the plants beneath the canopy (lower red/far-red ratio), thereby decreasing plant accumulation under trees. The guava fruit trees showed higher growth rates than the other fruit trees, but lower LAI and LI values and a higher red/far-red ratio, allowing higher plant growth under the canopy. Cajá trees showed a similar behavior; however, this species is deciduous, which limits its potential use in integrated systems. Banana and coconut trees were highly dependent on irrigation during the dry season. The remaining species showed an adequate growth and potential to control plant species growth under their canopies.

scholarly journals Effect of Varieties on Growth and Yield of Yard Long Bean under Songhkla Conditions, Southern Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (13) ◽  
pp. 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karistsapol Nooprom ◽  
Quanchit Santipracha
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Southern Thailand ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Pod Length

Yard long bean (<em>Vigna sesquipedalis</em> L. Fruw) is one of the most popular vegetables in many countries of Southeast Asia. Especially in Thailand, it has given high productivities for export in both fresh and frozen types. Yard long bean is considered as relatively low pod yield productivity and stability because it is quite sensitive to unfavorably environmental conditions, particularly for humid tropical regions with turmoil weather. The effect of varieties on growth and yield of yard long bean was conducted at Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai campus, Thailand to test for yield and other horticultural characteristics of seven varieties of yard long bean. All varieties of yard long bean were well grown under Songkhla’s conditions. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with four replications. The experiment was taken from February to April, 2014. The results showed that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties exhibited good growth and high yield. The Mae Ping variety gave the highest marketable yield of 12.25 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup> not significantly different (p≤0.05) from the Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties which gave the marketable yield of 15.16, 14.13, 13.51, and 13.34 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Negro and Taiwan varieties were the second high yielding varieties which gave the marketable yield of 11.90 and 11.92 t<sup>.</sup>ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The Euro, Kheow Dok, Saifa, and Taiwan were interesting varieties because they had pod length longer than 60 cm to meet the needs of the consumers in Songkhla province and around this area. It is concluded that the Mae Ping, Euro, Green Arrow, Kheow Dok, and Saifa varieties were the most suitable for growing under Songkhla conditions, southern Thailand due to its high growth and yield.

scholarly journals Adaptability and stability of white oat cultivars in relation to chemical composition of the caryopsis

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth ◽  
Fernando Irajá Félix de Carvalho ◽  
Antonio Costa de Oliveira ◽  
José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽  
Luiz Carlos Gutkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Oat Cultivars

The objective of this work was to characterize the chemical properties of white oat (Avena sativa) caryopsis and to determine the adaptability and stability of cultivars recommended for cultivation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The trials were carried out in the 2007, 2008 and 2009 crop seasons, in three municipalities: Augusto Pestana, Capão do Leão, and Passo Fundo. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in a randomized block design, with four replicates. The contents of protein, lipid, and nitrogen-free extract were evaluated in the caryopsis. Cultivar performances for the measured characters varied according to location and year of cultivation. The cultivar URS Guapa showed high content of nitrogen-free extract and low contents of protein and lipid in the caryopsis. 'FAPA Louise' showed high content of lipid, whereas 'Albasul', 'UPF 15', and 'UPF 18' showed high content of protein and low content of nitrogen-free extract. There is no evidence of an ideal biotype for the evaluated characters, which could simultaneously show high average performance, adaptability to favorable and unfavorable environments, and stability.

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