scholarly journals Reference Services in the Libraries of the Republic of Cameroon: Current State, Problems and Prospects

Bibliosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
J. Zemengue

The reference services in Cameroonian libraries are lagging in the exercise of their activities. Thus, this study raises the problem of the organization and functioning of reference services in the libraries of Cameroon. The purpose of the research is to provide an updated view of research issues in reference services in the libraries of the Republic of Cameroon. It outlines the definition of the notion «reference service»; opens his essence, characteristics, and content; reveals the current state of reference services for Cameroonian libraries and the main factors influencing the activities of reference services in libraries of Cameroon. The research defines the attributes of a reference librarian and proposes and defines several ways and trends for the future improvement of reference services in the libraries of Cameroon. As part of the research conducted, the following methods were used: observation and interviews carried out in Cameroon libraries. The results of this study would, no doubt, be of great benefit to all libraries in Cameroon and should ideally be completed by the Cameroonian reference services.

2017 ◽  
Vol 925 (7) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Bezrukov

A quantitative evaluation of the provision of the Baikal transboundary region, its districts and aimags with the surface sources of centralized water supply is given on the ground of a special method of mapping and definition of sustainable streamflow. The minimum streamflow data in a limiting winter season has been accepted as the values of sustainable streamflow, thus considering the six different zones of water availability. The values of the sustainable streamflow and water situation of the population were obtained for the 86 municipal regions of Russia (33 districts of the Irkutsk region, 31 – Zabaykalsky Krai, 21 – the Republic of Buryatia, 1 – the Republic of Tyva) and 12 aimags of Mongolia. The problem of low water availability in Zabaykalsky Krai and, especially, Mongolia, which has a great difficulty with the water supply. The main factors which have determined the sharp unevenness of the territorial distribution of the sustainable streamflow and the sources of the centralized water supply.


2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Lotta Haglund ◽  
David Herron

A Review of: Burke, L. “Models of Reference Services in Australian Academic Libraries.” Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 40.4 (2008): 269-86. Objective – To investigate the current organizational models for reference work in Australian academic libraries, and how these reference services are staffed. Design – Mixed methods. Setting – Academic universities in Australia. Subjects – Forty Council of Australian University Librarians (CAUL) member libraries. Methods – A literature study was undertaken to (1) find a definition of reference services and (2) explore the development of reference service models over time. Statistics from the CAUL member libraries were studied for trends in student population and number of academic and library staff. A web-based survey, with questions based on the findings in the literature study, was then distributed to the 40 Australian university libraries in 2006. Respondents were asked when the library commenced different reference services in five areas: formats in which the library received and responded to reference queries, information literacy, subject specialization, liaison activities, and collection development. Respondents also answered questions about the organization of the reference department, including: whether they had a separate or integrated model; the size of the reference collections; if they had a librarian dedicated to supporting students studying in remote or distant mode; if the interlibrary loans department was part of the suite of reference services; and if they had a mission or statement of purpose for their reference services department. Main Results – Based on the literature study, the working definition of reference services (1) for the project was “all activities which assist in providing relevant and appropriate information services to patrons” (270), including: • All interactions with patrons to assist them in their searches for information in all media types. • All training by librarians of patrons to be able to access information for themselves. • Activities to help the library stay informed of relevant developments, such as establishing and maintaining relationships with patrons. The literature study also revealed (2) a shift from the traditional reference service model, focused on the reference desk and the services delivered from that location, to new models involving “consolidation of reference service points, establishment of tiered reference, reference by appointment, reorganization of reference departments, and limiting services to primary users” (271). The core aspects of reference services have changed little over time, including face-to-face reference work, print collection development, bibliographic instruction, and attending meetings. In some aspects, however, there has been a shift in emphasis, e.g., in bibliographic instruction from the teaching of tools to the teaching of information literacy. In addition, reference work has come to include “going out to users,” or academic liaison work, as well as research consultation as a general way to assist undergraduate student in getting started on assignments and projects. The Web-based survey (n=40, response rate 87.5%) showed that 32.4% of libraries have an integrated inquiry point which incorporates information queries and other queries that are not necessarily related to traditional library reference services (272, Table 1). This survey result supports the findings of the literature study in showing a trend of library services moving away from the traditional reference desk. A majority of the responding libraries still retained a separate reference department, but a significant number of libraries have developed departments incorporating reference services with other library services. Those that retained the separate department varied in how they described services to patrons, the most common name being Information Services, a more user-friendly and descriptive name. In staffing the reference service, the respondents were asked to indicate the classification level of their staff using the Higher Education Worker (HEW) scale (an Australian salary scale, based on competencies, minimum 1 / maximum 10). Staff spans a variety of levels (4-10), the most common level being HEW6, a level where all libraries had staff. This indicates that a large part of reference staff in Australian academic libraries are highly qualified. The shift in higher education, resulting in greater numbers of students and fewer staff (including librarians), has in many libraries resulted in a more flexible organization of reference services, and the utilization of staff from other sections of the library for manning the reference service point. There is also evidence of how the changing student population leads to changing demands for library facilities and services, e.g. a decrease in the traditional complex reference questions, as well as in over the counter loan transactions, and an increase in more general queries. Conclusion – Reference services in Australian academic libraries are becoming more flexible and integrated (although the definition for integrated is still unclear), in part as the result of client demand, and in part due to decreased funding. The author sees an emerging role for reference librarians in helping patrons to navigate the increasingly complex information environment, and to assist in developing the skills to critically evaluate the information they access for authoritativeness and appropriateness.


Author(s):  
Mladen Petrović ◽  
Vedran Tomić ◽  
Robert Radišić ◽  
Nikola Ljiljanić

The subject of this paper is the analysis of agricultural insurance in the Republic of Serbia, which includes the types of agricultural insurance that exist in Serbian insurance market, the subjects that could be insured, as well as the insurance companies that are active in agricultural insurance at national level. The main goal of paper is to define the basic terms in agricultural insurance and to show the products and procedures in agricultural insurance offered by the insurance companies. Additional goal is to show the level of development and coverage of agricultural insurance in Serbia, as well as to point out the importance of insurance for agricultural development. In paper are used descriptive and deduction method, as well as desk research and descriptive statistics methods. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that the current state in agricultural insurance in Serbia is quite low, while the main factors influencing this situation are underdeveloped agriculture and the fact that agricultural insurance is not mandatory. Insurance is significantly more represented in the crop than in livestock production.


2021 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Lesia Voliak

The article considers the current state of sunflower production in Ukraine. The main indicators of the industry, the dynamics of changes in the area of sunflower crops, yield and profitability are analyzed. The main factors influencing the production of sunflower using index analysis have been studied. The regional structure of sunflower production is considered with the separation of groups of enterprises by organizational form. Ukrainian enterprises are provided with proposals to increase the level of industry development and production.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Rhoni Rodin ◽  
Dewi Clarita

Introduction. Reference services occupy a very important position in the library. This article aims to review the existence of reference services in libraries. Research methods. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data were collected using literatures regarding reference services in the library. Data analysis. The data that has been collected are then categorized and given their analysis and interpretation. Results and Discussion. Where in this article, this article discusses the definition of the reference service itself, the function of reference services in the library, the types of collections provided by the reference service, and the types of reference services themselves. Conclusions and suggestions. Reference services are unique services and require special skills or expertise from the officers.


2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Landysh Sitdikova ◽  
Wim Heijman ◽  
Johan Van Ophem

This paper analyses the main factors influencing the regional competitiveness of rural areas in the Tatarstan Republic. Firstly, 19 variables related to the socio-economic situation in the Tatarstan Republic were analysed, these having been taken from the Statistics Committee of the Tatarstan Republic. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to determine the weights of 10 indicators that have an effect on the level of regional competitiveness. Factor weights are used as weights in the summation of the standardised scores of variables that have an impact on competitiveness. The major factors influencing the level of regional competitiveness are the level of economically active population, investment in housing and the level of education. The following results were obtained: one of the 44 regions is very highly competitive and two are highly competitive; two of 44 regions have a medium level of competitiveness and 39 regions have a low level of competitiveness.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (525) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
O. S. Brahina ◽  
◽  
S. I. Buhenko ◽  
M. H. Pavlus ◽  
◽  
...  

The object of research of the article is the profit of enterprise and ways to increase it. The scholars’ opinions on the definition of «enterprise profit» were analyzed and the main approaches to its understanding are formed. According to the specified approaches, profit can be figured as follows: a monetary expression of part of the value of an additional product; net income of the entrepreneur from the invested capital; the difference between total income and total expenses; positive financial result of enterprise. According to the study, the definition of the concept of «profit» is formed and the essence of its meaning together with main functions is disclosed. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of increasing the profitability of enterprise, examines the factors of influence. Among the main factors influencing profits can be identified two groups: factors that do not depend on the activities of the enterprise (external); factors within the competence of enterprises (internal). The enterprise’s strategies related to profit are analyzed. The profitability of enterprise is an indicator that directly determines the final result of the activity of any enterprise. Increasing the profitability is one of the main goals of the management of any enterprise. There are many methods of increasing profitability, each enterprise chooses the most advantageous and convenient for itself, some of the methods are discussed in this article. The methodological and informational basis for the study of profitability of enterprise and ways to increase it are special and methodical literature by foreign and domestic authors, statistics of the Ministry of Statistics of Ukraine, periodic and reference literature; accounting, statistical, and operational reporting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10872
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Mejía-Escobar ◽  
Juan David González-Ruiz ◽  
Giovanni Franco-Sepúlveda

The green bonds market has had a growth in recent years within its different sectors and regions. Specifically, up to 2020, the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region has issued USD 26 billion. Some authors have studied the factors influencing financing through green bonds. However, a research gap is identified in the analysis of the regions that contribute to the issuance of this type of bond, specifically for LAC. This is the first study to examine the variables such as issue amount, number and type of issuers, currency, and maturity data in the region using a dataset of issuing performed between 2014–2020. We find the typical sizes of the issues, the search for a premium in the issue, the perception of complexity, the issuance of guides, and tax incentives as the main factors affecting this market. Finally, the study presents the potential for further research.


Author(s):  
S. Nurgaliyeva ◽  
S. Kaidarova ◽  
А. Mukhamejanova ◽  
С.Ж. Нургалиева ◽  
С.Е. Кайдарова ◽  
...  

The article examines the system of state regulation of agriculture in the Republic of Kazakhstan, state regulation of agricultural relations is carried out, first of all, through the publication of laws and other normative acts that determine the legal status of agricultural producers, their rights and obligations in land, property tax, labor, financial and credit and other ways. The article assesses the current state of the structure of budgetary funds allocated for the development of agriculture over a number of years, an analysis of financial support for agriculture in the Pavlodar region, which showed that in Kazakhstan, mainly monetary and financial support instruments dominate. Conclusions and recommendations for financial support of agriculture are formulated. The authors of the article proposed strategic goals for the development of agricultural production in Pavlodar region, the achievement of which is inextricably linked with the definition of priorities for the development of agricultural production in the region, taking into account the peculiarities of the natural and climatic zones of the Pavlodar region. Improving the system of state support for agricultural production also requires improving non-financial methods to stimulate the development of agricultural production. In order to increase the efficiency of state support, the authors propose to improve the subsidy system. В статье рассмотрена система государственного регулирования сельского хозяйства в РК, государственное регулирование аграрных отношений осуществляется, прежде всего, путем издания законов и других нормативных актов, определяющих правовой статус сельскохозяйственных товаропроизводителей, их права и обязанности в земельных, трудовых, финансово-кредитных и других отношениях. В статье проведена оценка современного состояния структурыбюджетных средств, выделяемых на развитие сельского хозяйства за ряд лет, анализ финансовой поддержки сельского хозяйства в Павлодарской области, который показал, что в Казахстане доминируют в основном денежные и финансовые инструменты поддержки. Сформулированы выводы и рекомендации для финансовой поддержки сельского хозяйства. Авторами статьи предложены стратегические цели развития сельскохозяйственного производства Павлодарской области, достижение которых, неразрывно связано с определением приоритетов развития сельскохозяйственного производства области с учетом особенностей природно-климатических зон Павлодарской области. Совершенствование системы государственной поддержки сельскохозяйственного производства также требует совершенствования нефинансовых методов стимулирования развития сельскохозяйственного производства. С целью повышения эффективности государственной поддержки авторы предлагают совершенствовать систему субсидирования.


Author(s):  
I. Kychko ◽  
A. Kholodnytska

Within the article, methodological approaches to the definition of the creativity and the creative potential of Ukraine are investigated. The main factors, influencing them, are determined. The methodology on the evaluation of the creative potential of the society by the indicators is generalized, namely: technologies, talent, tolerance and the Ukrainian methodology on the assessment of the creative potential. The Human Development Index of Ukraine is analyzed. Rating position of Ukraine by the main indicators of the social progress is estimated. Measures on increasing the efficient use of the creative resources of Ukraine are proposed.


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