scholarly journals 4G Model of Fractional Charge Strong-Weak Super Symmetry

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Boson Mass ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Fractional Charge ◽  
Charge Conservation ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Super Symmetry ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Stellar Masses

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; and 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge (es) in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. We noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. It can be considered as the zygote of all elementary particles and galactic dark matter. Proceeding further, with a characteristic fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be classified into quark fermions and quark bosons. Considering strong charge conservation and electromagnetic charge conservation, fractional charge quark fermions and quark bosons can be understood. Quark fermions that generate observable massive baryons can be called as Fluons. Quark bosons that generate observable mesons can be called as Bluons. By considering a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV, rest masses of fluons and bluons can be estimated and there by baryon masses and meson masses can be estimated.

scholarly journals 4G Model of Final Unification - A Very Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Strong Interaction ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Massive Fermion ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Hadron Masses ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Stellar Masses

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant; and 3) Considering a fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be split into quark fermions and quark bosons. Further, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV and hadron masses seem to be generated by a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. With further study, a workable model of final unification can be developed.

scholarly journals 4G Model of Final Unification - A Very Brief Report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. V. S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Interaction Range ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Hadron Masses ◽  
Elementary Charge ◽  
Stellar Masses

With our long experience in the field of unification of gravity and quantum mechanics, we understood that, when mass of any elementary is extremely small/negligible compared to macroscopic bodies, highly curved microscopic space-time can be addressed with large gravitational constants and magnitude of elementary gravitational constant seems to increase with decreasing mass and increasing interaction range. In our earlier publications, we proposed that, 1) There exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions; 2) There exists a strong interaction elementary charge in such a way that, it's squared ratio with normal elementary charge is close to inverse of the strong coupling constant; and 3) Considering a fermion-boson mass ratio of 2.27, quarks can be split into quark fermions and quark bosons. Further, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 584.725 GeV and hadron masses seem to be generated by a new hadronic fermion of rest energy 103.4 GeV. In this context, starting from lepton rest masses to stellar masses, we have developed many interesting and workable relations. With further study, a workable model of final unification can be developed.

SUPER SYMMETRY IN STRONG AND WEAK INTERACTIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
U. V. S. SESHAVATHARAM ◽  
S. LAKSHMINARAYANA
Keyword(s):  
Ground State ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Weak Interactions ◽  
Light Quark ◽  
Fermion Mass ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Mass Generation ◽  
Super Symmetry ◽  
Charged Boson ◽  
Charged Mesons

For strong interaction two new fermion mass units 105.32 MeV and 11450 MeV are assumed. Existence of "Integral charge quark bosons", "Integral charge effective quark fermions", "Integral charge (effective) quark fermi-gluons" and "Integral charge quark boso-gluons" are assumed and their masses are estimated. It is noticed that, characteristic nuclear charged fermion is Xs · 105.32 = 938.8 MeV and corresponding charged boson is Xs(105.32/x) = 415.0 where Xs = 8.914 is the inverse of the strong coupling constant and x = 2.26234 is a new number by using which "super symmetry" can be seen in "strong and weak" interactions. 11450 MeV fermion and its boson of mass = 11450/x = 5060 MeV plays a crucial role in "sub quark physics" and "weak interaction". 938.8 MeV strong fermion seems to be the proton. 415 MeV strong boson seems to be the mother of the presently believed 493,496 and 547 MeV etc, strange mesons. With 11450 MeV fermion "effective quark-fermi-gluons" and with 5060 MeV boson "quark boso-gluon masses" are estimated. "Effective quark fermi-gluons" plays a crucial role in ground state charged baryons mass generation. Light quark bosons couple with these charged baryons to form doublets and triplets. "Quark boso-gluons" plays a crucial role in ground state neutral and charged mesons mass generation. Fine and super-fine rotational levels can be given by [I or (I/2)] power(1/4) and [I or (I/2)] power(1/12) respectively. Here, I = n(n+1) and n = 1, 2, 3, ….

NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF GUTs PREDICTIONS IN THE LIGHT OF RECENT RESULTS FROM LEP

1992 ◽  
Vol 07 (35) ◽  
pp. 3319-3330
Author(s):  
DARIUSZ GRECH
Keyword(s):  
Z Boson ◽  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Boson Mass ◽  
Threshold Effects ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Central Values ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
Proton Lifetime ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Best Fit

We find numerical best fit for sin 2 Θw(MZ), unifying mass MX and the proton lifetime τp as the outcome of analysis where experimental values of Z boson mass MZ, strong coupling constant αs(MZ) and electromagnetic coupling α0(MZ) are taken as the only input parameters. It is found that simple nonsupersymmetric models are unlikely to be realistic ones. On the other hand, we find the best numerical fit: sin 2Θw(MZ = 0.2330 ± 0.0007 (theor.) ± 0.0027 (exp.) , [Formula: see text] yr for supersymmetric unified theories with three generations. The central values require, however, that the supersymmetric mass Λs≲300 GeV . Possibilities of increasing this limit as well as cases with four generations and threshold effects are also discussed. Compact formulas for theoretical and experimental uncertainties involved in the analysis are also produced.

scholarly journals Is Reduced Planck’s Constant- An Outcome of Electroweak Gravity?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
U.V.S. Seshavatharam ◽  
S. Lakshminarayana
Keyword(s):  
Rest Mass ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Rest Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Cosmic Evolution ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Nano Science ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

To understand the mystery of final unification, in our earlier publications, we proposed that there exist three atomic gravitational constants associated with electroweak, strong and electromagnetic interactions. During cosmic evolution, if one is willing to give equal importance to Higgs boson and Planck mass in understanding the massive origin of elementary particles, then it seems quite logical to expect a common relation in between Planck scale and Electroweak scale. Based on these two points, we noticed that, electroweak field seems to be operated by a primordial massive fermion of rest energy 585 GeV. It can be considered as the zygote of all elementary particles and galactic dark matter. H-bar seems to be a characteristic outcome of unified electroweak gravity. Electron rest mass seems to be a characteristic outcome of electroweak and strong gravity. Proton rest mass seems to be a characteristic outcome of electroweak, strong and electromagnetic gravity. Recently observed 3.5 keV photon seems to be an outcome of annihilation of charged baby lepton of rest energy 1.75 keV. Interesting point to be noted is that, Schwarzschild radius of electron is 0.48 nanometer and it needs further investigation with respect to emerging nano-science and technology. Proceeding further, by considering electromagnetic and weak gravitational constants, neutron life time can be understood.

scholarly journals A systematic metallicity study of DustPedia galaxies reveals evolution in the dust-to-metal ratios

2019 ◽  
Vol 623 ◽  
pp. A5 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Vis ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
S. Viaene ◽  
V. Casasola ◽  
C. J. R. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Metal Ratio ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Dust Grain ◽  
Dust Grain Growth ◽  
Metal Ratios

Observations of evolution in the dust-to-metal ratio allow us to constrain the dominant dust processing mechanisms. In this work, we present a study of the dust-to-metal and dust-to-gas ratios in a sub-sample of ~500 DustPedia galaxies. Using literature and MUSE emission line fluxes, we derived gas-phase metallicities (oxygen abundances) for over 10 000 individual regions and determine characteristic metallicities for each galaxy. We study how the relative dust, gas, and metal contents of galaxies evolve by using metallicity and gas fraction as proxies for evolutionary state. The global oxygen abundance and nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio are found to increase monotonically as galaxies evolve. Additionally, unevolved galaxies (gas fraction >60%, metallicity 12 + log(O∕H) < 8.2) have dust-to-metal ratios that are about a factor of 2.1 lower (a factor of six lower for galaxies with gas fraction >80%) than the typical dust-to-metal ratio (Md∕MZ ~ 0.214) for more evolved sources. However, for high gas fractions, the scatter is larger due to larger observational uncertainties as well as a potential dependence of the dust grain growth timescale and supernova dust yield on local conditions and star formation histories. We find chemical evolution models with a strong contribution from dust grain growth describe these observations reasonably well. The dust-to-metal ratio is also found to be lower for low stellar masses and high specific star formation rates (with the exception of some sources undergoing a starburst). Finally, the metallicity gradient correlates weakly with the HI-to-stellar mass ratio, the effective radius and the dust-to-stellar mass ratio, but not with stellar mass.

Perturbations Observed in The Orbital Elements of the Spectroscopic Binary 57 Cygni

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. McLaughlin ◽  
Janak Panthi
Keyword(s):  
Apsidal Motion ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Orbital Elements ◽  
Third Body ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Doppler Shifts ◽  
Spectroscopic Binary ◽  
Type Assignment ◽  
Helium Line ◽  
Stellar Masses

We present spectroscopy that confirms periodic Doppler-shifts along with photometry that reinforces a lack of eclipsing in the double-lined spectroscopic binary 57 Cygni. Our spectroscopy concentrates on a range encompassing H-alpha and the helium 667.8 nm line, where we find Doppler-shifts of both stars resolved in the helium line but less so in the broader H-alpha profile. Although we find the radial velocities derived from both lines reasonably consistent, we retained only the helium-line derived velocities for sinusoidal curve-fits to the orbital dependence. The fit-amplitudes specify the ratio of the stellar masses as 1.03 ± 0.05, in agreement with previous assessments. We find an eccentricity of 0.028 ± 0.024 and a longitude of periastron of 163.5 ± 2.5°. The former is significantly lower than that previously reported, while the latter is in agreement but calls into question the apsidal motion predicted four decades ago. Our modeling suggests the presence of an external third body implicit in this previous apsidal motion, as well as the dominant mechanism for our reported change in eccentricity. Based upon the spectral type assignment, the near-circular orbit, and the well-established mass ratio, we can place restrictions on the orbital inclination from 51.5-to-53.0°, in reasonable agreement with previous estimates.

scholarly journals Final unification with three gravitational constants associated with nuclear, electromagnetic and gravitational interactions

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Satya Seshavatharam UV ◽  
Lakshminarayana S
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Strong Coupling ◽  
Weak Coupling ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Strong Coupling Constant ◽  
Newtonian Gravity ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Electromagnetic Interactions ◽  
Newtonian Gravitational Constant

By introducing two large pseudo gravitational constants assumed to be associated with strong and electromagnetic interactions, we make an attempt to combine the old Abdus Salam’s ‘strong gravity’ concept with ‘Newtonian gravity’ and try to understand the constructional features of nuclei, atoms and neutron stars in a unified approach. From the known elementary atomic and nuclear physical constants, estimated magnitude of the Newtonian gravitational constant is (6.66 to 6.70) x10-11 m3/kg/sec2. Finally, by eliminating the proposed two pseudo gravitational constants, we inter-related the Newtonian gravitational constant, Fermi’s weak coupling constant and Strong coupling constant, in a generalized approach.

scholarly journals New criteria for the selection of galaxy close pairs from cosmological simulations: evolution of the major and minor merger fraction in MUSE deep fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 631 ◽  
pp. A87 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ventou ◽  
T. Contini ◽  
N. Bouché ◽  
B. Epinat ◽  
J. Brinchmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Time ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Stellar Mass ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Major Merger ◽  
Mass Assembly ◽  
Deep Fields ◽  
Stellar Masses ◽  
Close Pairs

It remains a challenge to assess the merger fraction of galaxies at different cosmic epochs in order to probe the evolution of their mass assembly. Using the ILLUSTRIS cosmological simulation project, we investigate the relation between the separation of galaxies in a pair, both in velocity and projected spatial separation space, and the probability that these interacting galaxies will merge in the future. From this analysis, we propose a new set of criteria to select close pairs of galaxies along with a new corrective term to be applied to the computation of the galaxy merger fraction. We then probe the evolution of the major and minor merger fraction using the latest Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) deep observations over the Hubble Ultra Deep Field, Hubble Deep Field South, COSMOS-Gr30, and Abell 2744 regions. From a parent sample of 2483 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, we identify 366 close pairs spread over a large range of redshifts (0.2 <  z <  6) and stellar masses (107 − 1011M⊙). Using the stellar mass ratio between the secondary and primary galaxy as a proxy to split the sample into major, minor, and very minor mergers, we found a total of 183 major, 142 minor, and 47 very minor close pairs corresponding to a mass ratio range of 1:1–1:6, 1:6–1:100, and lower than 1:100, respectively. Due to completeness issues, we do not consider the very minor pairs in the analysis. Overall, the major merger fraction increases up to z ≈ 2−3 reaching 25% for pairs where the most massive galaxy has a stellar mass M⋆ ≥ 109.5 M⊙. Beyond this redshift, the fraction decreases down to ∼5% at z ≈ 6. The major merger fraction for lower-mass primary galaxies with M⋆ ≤ 109.5 M⊙ seems to follow a more constant evolutionary trend with redshift. Thanks to the addition of new MUSE fields and new selection criteria, the increased statistics of the pair samples allow us to significantly shorten the error bars compared to our previous analysis. The evolution of the minor merger fraction is roughly constant with cosmic time, with a fraction of 20% at z <  3 and a slow decrease to 8−13% in the redshift range 3 ≤ z ≤ 6.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document