scholarly journals Assessing the Wall-To-Wall Spatial and Qualitative Dynamics of the Brazilian Pasturelands, between 2010 and 2018, Based on the Analysis of the Landsat Data Archive

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudinei Oliveira-Santos ◽  
Vinicius Vieira Mesquita ◽  
Leandro Leal Parente ◽  
Alexandre de Siqueira Pinto ◽  
Laerte Guimaraes Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
The North ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Degraded Pastures

The Brazilian livestock is predominantly extensive, with approximately 90% of the production being sustained on pasture, which occupies around 20% of the territory. In the current climate change scenario and where cropland is becoming a limited resource, there is a growing need for a more efficient land use and occupation. It is estimated that more than half of the Brazilian pastures have some level of degradation; however there is still no mapping of the quality of pastures on a national scale. In this study, we mapped and evaluated the spatio-temporal dynamics of pasture quality in Brazil, between 2010 and 2018, considering three classes of degradation: Absent (D0), Intermediate (D1), and Severe (D2). There was no variation in the total area occupied by pastures in the evaluated period, in spite of the accentuated spatial dynamics, with a retraction in the center-south and expansion to the north, over areas of ​​native vegetation. The percentage of non-degraded pastures increased ~12%, due to the recovery of degraded areas and the emergence of new pasture areas as a result of the prevailing spatial dynamics. However, about 44 Mha of the pasture area is currently severely degraded. The dynamics in pasture quality were not homogeneous in property size classes. We observed that in the approximately 2.68 million properties with livestock activity, the proportion with quality gains was twice as low in small properties compared to large ones, and the proportion with losses was three times greater, showing an increase in inequality between properties with more and less resources (large and small, respectively). The areas occupied by pastures in Brazil present an unique opportunity to increase livestock production and make available areas for agriculture, without the need for new deforestation in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Evaluation and analysis on suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256502
Author(s):  
Zhou Jiaxing ◽  
Liu Lin ◽  
Li Hang ◽  
Pei Dongmei
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

Human settlement environment is space places closely related to human production and life, and also surface spaces inseparable from human activities. As a coastal city in the east of China, Qingdao has a relatively high level of urbanization. However, it also along with many urban problems at the same time, among which the problem of human settlement environment has attracted more and more general attention from people. According to the characteristics of human settlement environment in Qingdao, the research constructs an index system with 10 index factors from natural factors and humanity factors, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluate and grade suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao, explore the spatial aggregation and differentiation of the quality of human settlement environment, and reveal the internal connection of spatial evolution. The results indicate that the overall livability of Qingdao is relatively good, showing a multi-center and radial driving development. The distribution of livability is uneven, showing a decreasing spatial distribution law from the coast to the inland, and the quality of human settlement environment in Jiaozhou Bay and the coastal areas is relatively high. Qingdao is mainly based on natural livability, supplemented by humanity livability, compared with natural suitability, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of humanity livability have experienced three stages: rising-contradictory rising-harmonious rising. The quality of human settlement environment has obvious spatial correlation and is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration, and the agglomeration of blocks with a higher quality of human settlement environment is higher than that of blocks with a lower level. The rule of human settlement environment changing over time is that areas with high quality of human settlement environment begin to shift from the city center to the north and the south, transforming into multi-point development, and overall environmental suitability has been improved. According to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, combined with its local development status and policies, the research puts forward developmental suggestions for the construction of human settlement environment in Qingdao, and provides decision-making basis for relevant departments to solve the problem of deterioration of human settlement environment.

scholarly journals Modeling Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Chromatin Marks

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petko Fiziev ◽  
Jason Ernst
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Signal Density ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTTo model spatial changes of chromatin mark peaks over time we developed and applied ChromTime, a computational method that predicts regions for which peaks either expand or contract significantly or hold steady between time points. Predicted expanding and contracting peaks can mark regulatory regions associated with transcription factor binding and gene expression changes. Spatial dynamics of peaks provided information about gene expression changes beyond localized signal density changes. ChromTime detected asymmetric expansions and contractions, which for some marks associated with the direction of transcription. ChromTime facilitates the analysis of time course chromatin data in a range of biological systems.

Long-term spatio-temporal dynamics of the mosquito Aedes aegypti in temperate Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fischer ◽  
M.S. De Majo ◽  
L. Quiroga ◽  
M. Paez ◽  
N. Schweigmann
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Southern Limit ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Lower Temperature

AbstractBuenos Aires city is located near the southern limit of the distribution of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). This study aimed to assess long-term variations in the abundance of Ae. aegypti in Buenos Aires in relation to changes in climatic conditions. Ae. aegypti weekly oviposition activity was analyzed and compared through nine warm seasons from 1998 to 2014, with 200 ovitraps placed across the whole extension of the city. The temporal and spatial dynamics of abundances were compared among seasons, and their relation with climatic variables were analyzed. Results showed a trend to higher peak abundances, a higher number of infested sites, and longer duration of the oviposition season through subsequent years, consistent with a long-term colonization process. In contrast, thermal favorability and rainfall pattern did not show a consistent trend of changes. The long-term increase in abundance, and the recently documented expansion of Ae. aegypti to colder areas of Buenos Aires province suggest that local populations might be adapting to lower temperature conditions. The steadily increasing abundances may have implications on the risk of dengue transmission.

scholarly journals Методика пространственно-временного анализа электрической активности головного мозга

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
А.Е. Руннова ◽  
М.О. Журавлев ◽  
А.Р. Киселёв ◽  
А.О. Сельский
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Continuous Wavelet Transform ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Wavelet ◽  
Brain Electrical Activity ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In the framework of this work a new method based on continuous wavelet transform was proposed for analyzing the spatio-temporal dynamics of brain activity patterns. We described the example of this method application for the analysis of brain electrical activity signals. It is shown that this method has the ability to visually detect the occurrence and spatial dynamics of frequency patterns.

scholarly journals Adaptation of sperm whales to open-boat whalers: rapid social learning on a large scale?

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hal Whitehead ◽  
Tim D. Smith ◽  
Luke Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
North Pacific ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Sperm Whales ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Social Units ◽  
The North Pacific

Animals can mitigate human threats, but how do they do this, and how fast can they adapt? Hunting sperm whales was a major nineteenth century industry. Analysis of data from digitized logbooks of American whalers in the North Pacific found that the rate at which whalers succeeded in harpooning (‘striking’) sighted whales fell by about 58% over the first few years of exploitation in a region. This decline cannot be explained by the earliest whalers being more competent, as their strike rates outside the North Pacific, where whaling had a longer history, were not elevated. The initial killing of particularly vulnerable individuals would not have produced the observed rapid decline in strike rate. It appears that whales swiftly learned effective defensive behaviour. Sperm whales live in kin-based social units. Our models show that social learning, in which naive social units, when confronted by whalers, learned defensive measures from grouped social units with experience, could lead to the documented rapid decline in strike rate. This rapid, large-scale adoption of new behaviour enlarges our concept of the spatio-temporal dynamics of non-human culture.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal dynamics of zooplankton communities (Rotifers, Cladocerans, Copepods) and water quality of Lake Léré (TCHAD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-823
Author(s):  
Safia Mahamat Tahir ◽  
Brahim Boy Otchoum ◽  
Mikail Abakar Ibrahim ◽  
Tchakonte Siméon ◽  
Enah Dickson Achuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

scholarly journals Ensemble Spatio-Temporal Distance Net for Skeleton Based Action Recognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Author(s):  
M Naveenkumar ◽  
S Domnic
Keyword(s):  
Action Recognition ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Temporal Distance ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Entire Sequence ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The performance of an efficient and accurate action recognition system heavily depends on distinctive representations for a different class of action sequences. To address this issue, we propose an ensemble network in this paper. We design two multilayer Long Short Term Memory networks to capture spatial and temporal dynamics of the entire sequence, referred to as Spatial-distance Net (SdNet) and Temporal-distance Net (TdNet) respectively. More specifically, SdNet captures the spatial dynamics of joints within a frame and TdNet explores the temporal dynamics of joints between frames along the sequence. Finally, two nets are fused as one Ensemble network, referred to as Spatio -Temporal distance Net (STdNet) to explore both spatial and temporal dynamics. The efficacy of the proposed method is evaluated on two widely used datasets, UTD MHAD and NTU RGB+D, and the proposed STdNet achieved 91.16% and 80.03% accuracies respectively.

The Groundwater Quality of the Area Tailings Mining Ponds in the North of Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695-1699
Author(s):  
Adriana Cuciureanu ◽  
Lidia Kim ◽  
Carol Blaziu Lehr ◽  
Corina Ene
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
The North ◽  
Ore Processing ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Tailings Ponds

Mining activities are recognized as generating adverse effects on the environmental quality. The waste resulted from ore processing activities settled on the ponds was established as a significant pollution source of the soil and groundwater in the site areas. The paper presents the spatio-temporal variation of the characteristics of groundwater in the area of a waterproofed pond, located near two other tailings ponds, unenriched, of an age of over 30 years. Groundwater quality is highlighted in an area situated in the north of the country in terms of metals content determined in several seasonal campaigns.

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