Influence of Probable Precipitation Futures on Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa): Results from a Simulated Rainfall Experiment

It is well established that the interacting effects of temperature and precipitation will alter agroecological systems on a global scale. These shifts will influence the fitness of specialty crops, specifically strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa), an important crop in the Northeastern United States. In this study, four precipitation scenarios were developed that are representative of current and probable-future growing season precipitation patterns. Using a precipitation simulator, we tested these scenarios on potted day neutral strawberries. This study generated four primary results: (1) though treatments received different amounts of precipitation, little difference was observed in soil volumetric water content or temperature. However, treatments designed to simulate future conditions were more likely those designed to simulate current conditions to have higher nitrate-in-leachate (N-leachate) concentrations; (2) neither total precipitation nor seasonable distribution were associated with foliar or root disease pressure; (3) while there was a slightly higher chance that photosynthetic potential and capacity would be higher in drier conditions, little difference was observed in the effects on chlorophyll concentration, and no water stress was detected in any treatment; and (4) leaf biomass was likely more affected by total rather than seasonal distribution of precipitation, but interaction between changing rainfall distribution and seasonal totals is likely to be an important driver of root biomass development in the future.

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Growth variations of Dahurian larch plantations across northeast China: Understanding the effects of temperature and precipitation

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 292 ◽

pp. 112739

Author(s):

Bingrui Jia ◽

Hongru Sun ◽

Herman Henry Shugart ◽

Zhenzhu Xu ◽

Peng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Dahurian Larch ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Dahurian Larch Plantations

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Changes in Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Superparameterized CAM in Response to Warmer SSTs

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-17-0214.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (24) ◽

pp. 9827-9845 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Xin Zhou ◽

Marat F. Khairoutdinov

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Rain Rate ◽

Precipitable Water ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Global Scale ◽

Precipitation Extremes ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Hourly Data ◽

Cloud Resolving Model ◽

Cold Extremes

Subdaily temperature and precipitation extremes in response to warmer SSTs are investigated on a global scale using the superparameterized (SP) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), in which a cloud-resolving model is embedded in each CAM grid column to simulate convection explicitly. Two 10-yr simulations have been performed using present climatological sea surface temperature (SST) and perturbed SST climatology derived from the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Compared with the conventional CAM, SP-CAM simulates colder temperatures and more realistic intensity distribution of precipitation, especially for heavy precipitation. The temperature and precipitation extremes have been defined by the 99th percentile of the 3-hourly data. For temperature, the changes in the warm and cold extremes are generally consistent between CAM and SP-CAM, with larger changes in warm extremes at low latitudes and larger changes in cold extremes at mid-to-high latitudes. For precipitation, CAM predicts a uniform increase of frequency of precipitation extremes regardless of the rain rate, while SP-CAM predicts a monotonic increase of frequency with increasing rain rate and larger change of intensity for heavier precipitation. The changes in 3-hourly and daily temperature extremes are found to be similar; however, the 3-hourly precipitation extremes have a significantly larger change than daily extremes. The Clausius–Clapeyron scaling is found to be a relatively good predictor of zonally averaged changes in precipitation extremes over midlatitudes but not as good over the tropics and subtropics. The changes in precipitable water and large-scale vertical velocity are equally important to explain the changes in precipitation extremes.

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Assessing the Skills of a Seasonal Forecast of Chlorophyll in the Global Pelagic Oceans

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13061051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1051

Author(s):

Cecile S. Rousseaux ◽

Watson W. Gregg ◽

Lesley Ott

Keyword(s):

Ocean Circulation ◽

North Atlantic ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Global Scale ◽

Seasonal Forecasts ◽

Mean Square Errors ◽

Satellite Chlorophyll

While forecasts of atmospheric variables, and to a lesser degree ocean circulation, are relatively common, the forecast of biogeochemical conditions is still in its infancy. Using a dynamical ocean biogeochemical forecast forced by seasonal forecasts of atmospheric and physical ocean variables, we produce seasonal predictions of chlorophyll concentration at the global scale. Results show significant Anomaly Correlation Coefficients (ACCs) for the majority of regions (11 out of the 12 regions for the 1-month lead forecast). Root mean square errors are smaller (<0.05 µg chlorophyll (chl) L−1) in the Equatorial regions compared to the higher latitudes (range from 0.05 up to 0.13 µg chl L−1). The forecast for all regions except three (North Atlantic, South Pacific and North Indian) are within the Semi-Interquartile Range of the satellite chlorophyll concentration (Suomi-National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP), 27.9%). This suggests the potential for skillful global biogeochemical forecasts on seasonal timescales of chlorophyll, primary production and harmful algal blooms that could support fisheries management and other applications.

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Specimen-based analysis of morphology and the environment in ecologically dominant grasses: the power of the herbarium

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2017.0403 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 374 (1763) ◽

pp. 20170403 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Christine A. McAllister ◽

Michael R. McKain ◽

Mao Li ◽

Bess Bookout ◽

Elizabeth A. Kellogg

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Climate Variables ◽

Theme Issue ◽

Analysis Techniques ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Sessile Spikelet ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

The Relationship ◽

Image Analysis Techniques

Herbaria contain a cumulative sample of the world's flora, assembled by thousands of people over centuries. To capitalize on this resource, we conducted a specimen-based analysis of a major clade in the grass tribe Andropogoneae, including the dominant species of the world's grasslands in the genera Andropogon , Schizachyrium , Hyparrhenia and several others. We imaged 186 of the 250 named species of the clade, georeferenced the specimens and extracted climatic variables for each. Using semi- and fully automated image analysis techniques, we extracted spikelet morphological characters and correlated these with environmental variables. We generated chloroplast genome sequences to correct for phylogenetic covariance and here present a new phylogeny for 81 of the species. We confirm and extend earlier studies to show that Andropogon and Schizachyrium are not monophyletic. In addition, we find all morphological and ecological characters are homoplasious but variable among clades. For example, sessile spikelet length is positively correlated with awn length when all accessions are considered, but when separated by clade, the relationship is positive for three sub-clades and negative for three others. Climate variables showed no correlation with morphological variation in the spikelet pair; only very weak effects of temperature and precipitation were detected on macrohair density. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene'.

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Applying Geospatial Semantic Array Programming for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in Europe

10.1101/009589 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Giovanni Caudullo

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Formulation ◽

Open Data ◽

Global Scale ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

European Continent ◽

Bioclimatic Indices ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Fuzzy Similarity ◽

Terrain Elevation

Bioclimate-driven regression analysis is a widely used approach for modelling ecological niches and zonation. Although the bioclimatic complexity of the European continent is high, a particular combination of 12 climatic and topographic covariates was recently found able to reliably reproduce the ecological zoning of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for forest resources assessment at pan-European scale, generating the first fuzzy similarity map of FAO ecozones in Europe. The reproducible procedure followed to derive this collection of bioclimatic indices is now presented. It required an integration of data-transformation modules (D-TM) using geospatial tools such as Geographic Information System (GIS) software, and array-based mathematical implementation such as semantic array programming (SemAP). Base variables, intermediate and final covariates are described and semantically defined by providing the workflow of D-TMs and the mathematical formulation following the SemAP notation. Source layers to derive base variables were extracted by exclusively relying on global-scale public open geodata in order for the same set of bioclimatic covariates to be reproducible in any region worldwide. In particular, two freely available datasets were exploited for temperature and precipitation (WorldClim) and elevation (Global Multi-resolution Terrain Elevation Data). The working extent covers the European continent to the Urals with a resolution of 30 arc-second. The proposed set of bioclimatic covariates will be made available as open data in the European Forest Data Centre (EFDAC). The forthcoming complete set of D-TM codelets will enable the 12 covariates to be easily reproduced and expanded through free software. .......................................................................................................................This.manuscript.has.been.accepted.for.publication.in IEEE Earthzine 2014 Vol. 7 Issue 2, 2ndquarter theme: Geospatial Semantic Array Programming. The definitive version has been published at: http://www.earthzine.org/?p=877975......................................................................................................................Please,.cite.the.definitive.version.of.the.article.as: Caudullo, G., 2014.Applying Geospatial Semantic Array Programming for a Reproducible Set of Bioclimatic Indices in Europe.IEEE Earthzine 7(2), 877975+. URL http://www.earthzine.org/?p=877975 bioRxiv pre-print doi: 10.1101/009589

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