scholarly journals Towards Sustainable and Smart Cities: Replicable and KPI-Driven Evaluation Framework

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Quijano ◽  
Jose L. Hernández ◽  
Pierre Nouaille ◽  
Mikko Virtanen ◽  
Beatriz Sánchez-Sarachu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Lessons Learnt ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Transformation Strategy

Sustainability is pivotal in the urban transformation strategy in order to reach more resource-efficient, resilient and smarter cities. The goal of being a sustainable city should drive the decisions for city interventions. Nonetheless, impacts need to be quantified, lacking of standard and/or common methodologies that could be replicable across multiple cities. There exist many initiatives aiming at defining indicators and assessment procedures, but without convergence in the definition of terms and application methodologies, making complex its real implementation. Within mySMARTLife project (GA#731297), a KPI-driven evaluation framework is defined with the aim of covering the multiple pillars of a city (i.e. energy, mobility, citizens, economy) in a holistic way. This methodology also defines the concepts and terms to guide urban planners and/or experts at time of implementing the framework in a specific city. The evaluation framework has been deployed in the three cities of Nantes, Hamburg and Helsinki and some lessons learnt have been extracted, such as the necessity of providing a definition of measurement boundary to avoid interpretations. Thanks to a co-creation strategy, the main difficulties and issues from the cities have been taken into consideration for increasing the replicability.

scholarly journals Sustainable Smart City—Opening a Black Box

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 769
Author(s):  
Mona Treude
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Evolutionary Economics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Smart Services ◽  
Underlying Processes

Cities are becoming digital and are aiming to be sustainable. How they are combining the two is not always apparent from the outside. What we need is a look from inside. In recent years, cities have increasingly called themselves Smart City. This can mean different things, but generally includes a look towards new digital technologies and claim that a Smart City has various advantages for its citizens, roughly in line with the demands of sustainable development. A city can be seen as smart in a narrow sense, technology wise, sustainable or smart and sustainable. Current city rankings, which often evaluate and classify cities in terms of the target dimensions “smart” and “sustainable”, certify that some cities are both. In its most established academic definitions, the Smart City also serves both to improve the quality of life of its citizens and to promote sustainable development. Some cities have obviously managed to combine the two. The question that arises is as follows: What are the underlying processes towards a sustainable Smart City and are cities really using smart tools to make themselves sustainable in the sense of the 2015 United Nations Sustainability Goal 11? This question is to be answered by a method that has not yet been applied in research on cities and smart cities: the innovation biography. Based on evolutionary economics, the innovation biography approaches the process towards a Smart City as an innovation process. It will highlight which actors are involved, how knowledge is shared among them, what form citizen participation processes take and whether the use of digital and smart services within a Smart City leads to a more sustainable city. Such a process-oriented method should show, among other things, to what extent and when sustainability-relevant motives play a role and which actors and citizens are involved in the process at all.

scholarly journals Exposing Emerging Trends in Smart Sustainable City Research Using Deep Autoencoders-Based Fuzzy C-Means

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2876
Author(s):  
Anne Parlina ◽  
Kalamullah Ramli ◽  
Hendri Murfi
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Non Negative Matrix Factorization

The literature discussing the concepts, technologies, and ICT-based urban innovation approaches of smart cities has been growing, along with initiatives from cities all over the world that are competing to improve their services and become smart and sustainable. However, current studies that provide a comprehensive understanding and reveal smart and sustainable city research trends and characteristics are still lacking. Meanwhile, policymakers and practitioners alike need to pursue progressive development. In response to this shortcoming, this research offers content analysis studies based on topic modeling approaches to capture the evolution and characteristics of topics in the scientific literature on smart and sustainable city research. More importantly, a novel topic-detecting algorithm based on the deep learning and clustering techniques, namely deep autoencoders-based fuzzy C-means (DFCM), is introduced for analyzing the research topic trend. The topics generated by this proposed algorithm have relatively higher coherence values than those generated by previously used topic detection methods, namely non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), and eigenspace-based fuzzy C-means (EFCM). The 30 main topics that appeared in topic modeling with the DFCM algorithm were classified into six groups (technology, energy, environment, transportation, e-governance, and human capital and welfare) that characterize the six dimensions of smart, sustainable city research.

The Multi-Relationship Evaluation Design Framework: Designing Testing Plans to Comprehensively Assess Advanced and Intelligent Technologies

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Weiss ◽  
Linda C. Schmidt ◽  
Harry A. Scott ◽  
Craig I. Schlenoff
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Evaluation Design ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Summative Assessments ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

As new technologies develop and mature, it becomes critical to provide both formative and summative assessments on their performance. Performance assessment events range in form from a few simple tests of key elements of the technology to highly complex and extensive evaluation exercises targeting specific levels and capabilities of the system under scrutiny. Typically the more advanced the system, the more often performance evaluations are warranted, and the more complex the evaluation planning becomes. Numerous evaluation frameworks have been developed to generate evaluation designs intent on characterizing the performance of intelligent systems. Many of these frameworks enable the design of extensive evaluations, but each has its own focused objectives within an inherent set of known boundaries. This paper introduces the Multi-Relationship Evaluation Design (MRED) framework whose ultimate goal is to automatically generate an evaluation design based upon multiple inputs. The MRED framework takes input goal data and outputs an evaluation blueprint complete with specific evaluation elements including level of technology to be tested, metric type, user type, and, evaluation environment. Some of MRED’s unique features are that it characterizes these relationships and manages their uncertainties along with those associated with evaluation input. The authors will introduce MRED by first presenting relationships between four main evaluation design elements. These evaluation elements are defined and the relationships between them are established including the connections between evaluation personnel (not just the users), their level of knowledge, and decision-making authority. This will be further supported through the definition of key terms. An example will be presented in which these terms and relationships are applied to the evaluation design of an automobile technology. An initial validation step follows where MRED is applied to the speech translation technology whose evaluation design was inspired by the successful use of a pre-existing evaluation framework. It is important to note that MRED is still in its early stages of development where this paper presents numerous MRED outputs. Future publications will present the remaining outputs, the uncertain inputs, and MRED’s implementation steps that produce the detailed evaluation blueprints.

scholarly journals Extraction of Naturalistic Driving Patterns with Geographic Information Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Balsa-Barreiro ◽  
Pedro M. Valero-Mora ◽  
Mónica Menéndez ◽  
Rashid Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Driving Patterns ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
Naturalistic Driving ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A better understanding of Driving Patterns and their relationship with geographical driving areas could bring great benefits for smart cities, including the identification of good driving practices for saving fuel and reducing carbon emissions and accidents. The process of extracting driving patterns can be challenging due to issues such as the collection of valid data, clustering of population groups, and definition of similar behaviors. Naturalistic Driving methods provide a solution by allowing the collection of exhaustive datasets in quantitative and qualitative terms. However, exploiting and analyzing these datasets is complex and resource-intensive. Moreover, most of the previous studies, have constrained the great potential of naturalistic driving datasets to very specific situations, events, and/or road sections. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology for extracting driving patterns from naturalistic driving data, even from small population samples. We use Geographic Information Systems (GIS), so we can evaluate drivers’ behavior and reactions to certain events or road sections, and compare across situations using different spatial scales. To that end, we analyze some kinematic parameters such as speeds, acceleration, braking, and other forces that define a driving attitude. Our method favors an adequate mapping of complete datasets enabling us to achieve a comprehensive perspective of driving performance.

scholarly journals Definition of an Ontology Matching Algorithm for Context Integration in Smart Cities

Sensors ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 23581-23619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Otero-Cerdeira ◽  
Francisco Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Alma Gómez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Smart Cities ◽  
Ontology Matching ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Context Integration ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Smart City as A Tools to Achieve Sustainability City

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Helen Dian Fridayani ◽  
Rifaid Rifaid
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Smart Environment ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Smart Government

Sustainable city is a city that designed by considering the impact on the environment, inhabited by population with a number and behavior that requires minimal support for energy, water and food from the outside, and produces less CO2, gas, air and water pollution. Moreover the national government envisions Indonesia2030which shallimplement the smart city towards sustainable development.Especially in Sleman Regency, the government is committed to make Sleman Regency as a Smart Regency in 2021. It could be shown in the vision of Sleman Regency which is The realization of a more prosperous Sleman community, Independent, Cultured and Integratede-governmentsystem to the Smart Regency in 2021”. This paper would like to analyze how the Sleman Regency implement the Smart city concept, and does the smart city concept can achive the sustainability city. The research uses the qualitative approach with in-deepth interview in examining the data, also the literature review. The result in this study reveals the following: firstly, from 2016-2019 Sleman regency has several applications to support the smart city implementation such as One Data of UMKM, Home Creative Sleman, Lapor Sleman app, Sleman Smart app, online tax app, e-patient, sleman emergency service, and Sleman smart room. Second, there are many elements in smart cities that are very important for smart government, smart life, smart economy, smart society, and smart environment. However, in supporting to support the realization of smart cities, not all aspects must be implemented properly to achieve a managed city, components related to smart environment cannot be implemented properly in Sleman Regency. There are still many problems regarding environmental problems such as the development of the construction of hotels and apartments that do not heed the environment, incrasing the populations, the limitations of green open space.

scholarly journals The Polish Experience in the Development of Smart Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kisała
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Polish Experience ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Universal Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Urban Population Growth ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Beneficial Approach

Abstract In recent years, Poland has seen an increased migration of people to cities, which translates into significant urban population growth. This, in turn, raises new challenges in the performance of cities’ tasks and responsibilities. Additionally, climate changes and the depletion of natural resources necessitate the modification of existing urban practices. Polish cities seek solutions which would enable social, economic and environmental demands to be reconciled so that urban spaces become friendly for the city’s inhabitants and investors. Some Polish cities have applied the smart city concept to solve their problems. Despite the fact that the concept has been the subject of scientific research for many years, no universal definition of the smart city has been agreed upon. Analyzed assumptions of the smart city concept as well as the Polish experiences in the implementation indicate that the concept is dynamic and changes over time. It should be considered as a perpetual process unrestricted by a specific timeframe. This impedes the formulation of uniform, generally accepted assumptions of the concept since its existence is inscribed in the change related to urban development. This article claims that this would be a beneficial approach for formulating the general characteristics of the smart city that could be applicable to any city, and that could be employed regardless of the present challenges cities may face.

scholarly journals A General Framework for Implicit and Explicit Debiasing of Distributional Word Vector Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 8131-8138
Author(s):  
Anne Lauscher ◽  
Goran Glavaš ◽  
Simone Paolo Ponzetto ◽  
Ivan Vulić
Keyword(s):  
General Framework ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Vector Spaces ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Embedding Methods

Distributional word vectors have recently been shown to encode many of the human biases, most notably gender and racial biases, and models for attenuating such biases have consequently been proposed. However, existing models and studies (1) operate on under-specified and mutually differing bias definitions, (2) are tailored for a particular bias (e.g., gender bias) and (3) have been evaluated inconsistently and non-rigorously. In this work, we introduce a general framework for debiasing word embeddings. We operationalize the definition of a bias by discerning two types of bias specification: explicit and implicit. We then propose three debiasing models that operate on explicit or implicit bias specifications and that can be composed towards more robust debiasing. Finally, we devise a full-fledged evaluation framework in which we couple existing bias metrics with newly proposed ones. Experimental findings across three embedding methods suggest that the proposed debiasing models are robust and widely applicable: they often completely remove the bias both implicitly and explicitly without degradation of semantic information encoded in any of the input distributional spaces. Moreover, we successfully transfer debiasing models, by means of cross-lingual embedding spaces, and remove or attenuate biases in distributional word vector spaces of languages that lack readily available bias specifications.

scholarly journals Setting up the stage for smart sustainable city: international and ukrainian context. The role of smart solutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Anna Pozdniakova ◽  
Iryna Velska
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Human Component

The paper analyzes the key steps taken by different cities worldwide and gathered into a clear step-by-step roadmap that can be useful for emerging smart cities. The Roadmap covers three main stages as we see them during the process of development: preparation, formation and spreading stages. We reveal how this is incorporated in the Ukrainian context. Our analysis of smart city solutions from all over the world (based on the BeeSmartCity database) showed that the tech component on its own is not enough to overcome urban challenges within different domains (environment, economy, government etc.), as we see each of the solutions has a human component involved in a form of knowledge generation and sharing, different forms of co-creation and partnership etc. Thus, ICTs are a required but not a sufficient element of building successful citizen-friendly and resilient cities.

In Search of Indicators for Assessing Smart and Sustainable Cities and Communities' Performance

2019 ◽  
pp. 265-295
Author(s):  
Anastasia Stratigea ◽  
Akrivi Leka ◽  
Maria Panagiotopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
City Development ◽  
Sustainable City ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Support Policy ◽  
Indicator Sets

The goal of the paper is to elaborate on sustainability aspects of smart sustainable urban environments. More specifically, at a first step the paper aims at critically reviewing globally initiated state-of-the-art approaches for assessing smart cities' performance as to sustainability objectives. The scope of this effort is to identify sets of indicators used in different approaches as well as convergence/divergence among them. Secondly, an attempt to integrate different indicator sets into a more enriched and coherent indicator system is carried out which, by effectively embedding smart and sustainable city development into sustainability indicators' sets, can be used by various types of cities' examples. Finally, the rationale of the indicators' selection process is depicted, in order to support policy makers and planners' guidance towards choosing an appropriate, city-specific set of sustainability indicators for carrying out relevant assessments.

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