Sustainable Production of Bioactive Compounds From Persea indica

Author(s):  
Azucena Gonzalez-Coloma ◽  
Maria Fe Andres ◽  
Rodrigo Contreras ◽  
Gustavo E. Zúñiga ◽  
Carmen E. Díaz

In this work we have investigated the accumulation of ryanoids in different plant parts (leaves, stems roots) of aeroponically grown Persea indica cloned trees (one year old cloned individuals) and a selected mature wild tree. We have tested the insect antifeedant (against Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae and Rhopalosiphum padi) and nematicidal (against Meloidogyne javanica) effects of ethanolic extracts from these different plant parts. The HPLC-MS analysis of P. indica extracts showed that the mature tree (wild) leaves had 2 times more chemical diversity than the stems. The aeroponic plants showed lower differences in chemical diversity between leaves and stems, with the lowest diversity found in the roots. The ryanodane epiryanodol (1) was present in all the plant parts, with the mature stems (wild) having the highest amount. The aeroponic stems also accumulated ryanoids including 1, cinnzeylanol 2 and cinnzeylanone 4. The insect Spodoptera littoralis was strongly affected by the stem extracts while the leaf ones were moderately active. Based on the predicted vs. the real antifeedant values we conclude that the ryanoid content (1 or a combination of 2, 4 and 1) explained the antifeedant effects of the stem extracts while addition-al components contributed to the activity of the leaf ones. Therefore, careful individual selection of P. indica seedlings should be carried out prior to proceed with its aeroponic cultivation in or-der to obtain ryanodane-rich stem or leaf extracts with strong antifeedant effects on S. littoralis.

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sainz ◽  
Andrés ◽  
Martínez-Díaz ◽  
Bailén ◽  
Navarro-Rocha ◽  
...  

Given the importance of the genus Artemisia as a source of valuable natural products, the rare plant Artemisia pedemontana subspecies assoana, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, has been experimentally cultivated in the greenhouse and aeroponically, to produce biomass for essential oil (EO) extraction. The chemical composition of the EOs was analyzed, and their plant protection (insects: Spodoptera littoralis, Rhopalosiphum padi, and Myzus persicae; plants: Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne; fungi: Aspergillus niger; and nematode: Meloidogyne javanica) and antiparasitic (Trypanosoma cruzi, Phytomonas davidi, and antiplasmodial by the ferriprotoporphyrin biocrystallization inhibition test) properties were studied, in addition to the hydrolate by-product. The EOs showed a 1,8-cineole and camphor profile, with quantitative and qualitative chemical differences between the cultivation methods. These oils had moderate insect antifeedant, antifungal, and phytotoxic effects; were trypanocidel; and exhibited moderate phytomonacidal effects, while the hydrolate showed a strong nematicidal activity. Both EOs were similarly antifeedant; the EO from the greenhouse plants (flowering stage) was more biocidal (antifungal, nematicidal, and phytotoxic) than the EO from the aeroponic plants (growing stage), which was more antiparasitic. The major components of the oils (1,8-cineole and camphor), or their 1:1 combination, did not explain any of these effects. We can conclude that these EOs have potential applications as insect antifeedants, and as antifungal or antiparasitic agents, depending on the cultivation method, and that the hydrolate byproduct is a potent nematicidal.


2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Petra Sternberg ◽  
Daniel K. Struve

Abstract A major goal in the production of tree whips is to produce appropriately sized, well-branched liners with a crown form similar to that of a mature tree. Pruning is used to induce lateral branching. This can result in poor tree quality, reduced growth and the practice is labor intensive. An alternative to mechanical pruning, foliar Cyclanilide® (CYC) sprays at 0, 56, 1 12 and 223 ppm were applied to container grown whips to determine its effect on branching of Amelanchier; Cercis, Malus and Tilia whips. Most species responded to CYC sprays with increased lateral branching if treated during active shoot elongation. Cyclanilide® sprays of 1 12 ppm produced the greatest number of branches. Sprays at 56 ppm resulted in reduced branching (relative to 112 ppm), while sprays of 223 ppm did not increase the number of branches, relative to sprays of 112 ppm, but reduced growth. Cyclanilide® sprays reduced height growth, relative to untreated whips, but did not alter height diameter growth. Cyclanilide® foliar applications to container -grown whips during periods of active shoot elongation increased branching in one-year-old whips that normally do not branch until the second year of production. Further, the origin of lateral branching can be controlled by timing of CYC application. The results indicate that CYC foliar sprays can be an important tool in the production of one-year-old branched whips.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Adams ◽  
Lorna E. Wilkinson-White ◽  
Menachem J. Gunzburg ◽  
Stephen J. Headey ◽  
Martin J. Scanlon ◽  
...  

The development of low-affinity fragment hits into higher affinity leads is a major hurdle in fragment-based drug design. Here we demonstrate an approach for the Rapid Elaboration of Fragments into Leads (REFiL) applying an integrated workflow that provides a systematic approach to generate higher-affinity binders without the need for structural information. The workflow involves the selection of commercial analogues of fragment hits to generate preliminary structure-activity relationships. This is followed by parallel microscale chemistry using chemoinformatically designed reagent libraries to rapidly explore chemical diversity. Upon completion of a fragment screen against Bromodomain-3 extra terminal (BRD3-ET) domain we applied the REFiL workflow, which allowed us to develop a series of tetrahydrocarbazole ligands that bind to the peptide binding site of BRD3-ET. With REFiL we were able to rapidly improve binding affinity >30-fold. The REFiL workflow can be applied readily to a broad range of protein targets without the need of a structure, allowing the efficient evolution of low-affinity fragments into higher affinity leads and chemical probes.<br>


2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. e62-e68
Author(s):  
Jeeta Sarkar ◽  
Nirmalya Banerjee

AbstractSteroid alkaloid solasodine is a nitrogen analogue of diosgenin and has great importance in the production of steroidal medicines. Solanum erianthum D. Don (Solanaceae) is a good source of solasodine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cytokinins on the production of secondary metabolites, especially solasodine in the in vitro culture of S. erianthum. For solasodine estimation, field-grown plant parts and in vitro tissues were extracted thrice and subjected to high-performance liquid Chromatography. Quantitative analysis of different secondary metabolites showed that the amount was higher in the in vitro regenerated plantlets compared to callus and field-grown plants. The present study critically evaluates the effect of the type of cytokinin used in the culture medium on solasodine accumulation in regenerated plants. The highest solasodine content (46.78±3.23 mg g-1) was recorded in leaf extracts of the in vitro grown plantlets in the presence of 6-γ,γ-dimethylallylamino purine in the culture medium and the content was 3.8-fold higher compared to the mother plant.


2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek

Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots ofVitis viniferacultivars and interspecific hybrids in PolandFollowing the winter of 2009/2010, an assessment of frost damage was carried out on the vines of 40 wine cultivars and 32 table grape cultivars grown in central Poland (Skierniewice, latitude 51° 57' N, longitude 20° 08' E). The minimum winter temperature of -28.1°C was recorded on 26 January 2010. Cultivars were assigned to five classes of different frost tolerance, according to information on the percentage of frozen buds: very resistant (below 1.9%), resistant (2 - 24.9%), medium susceptible (25 - 74.9%), susceptible (75 - 95.9%) and very susceptible (above 96%). The numbers of wine and table cultivars in each class were as follows: very resistant - 5 (wine) and 3 (table), resistant - 2 and 5, medium susceptible - 15 and 10, susceptible - 13 and 9 and very susceptible - 5 and 5. The most tolerant were the ‘Alwood’, ‘Delaware’, ‘Fredonia’ and ‘Zilga’ interspecific hybrids of theVitis labruscanagroup; the ‘Aurore’, ‘Marechal Foch’ and ‘Leon Millot’ hybrids originating fromV. vinifera, V. rupestris, V. ripariaandV. lincecumiiand ‘Sibera’ originating fromV. viniferaandV. amurensis.More than 96% of buds froze on the vines of some interspecific hybrids (‘Arkadia’, ‘Fanny’, ‘Kodrianka’ and ‘Lilla’). ‘Ortega’, ‘Nektar’, ‘Cserszegi Fueszeres’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Chasselas Dore’ from theV. viniferacultivars showed the best tolerance to frost damage (42.5-62% of frozen buds). The buds of theV. viniferacultivars ‘Acolon’, ‘Dakapo’ and ‘Favorit’ all froze. Plant parts covered with soil and snow were not exposed to significant damage, even in the case of susceptible cultivars.


2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Parikh ◽  
NK Motiramani ◽  
NK Rastogi ◽  
B Sharma

The present studies were carried out to characterize seventy-one aromatic rice germplasm from IGKV, Raipur. These germplasm were characterized and grouped on the basis of anthocyanin pigmentation, plant habit, and awning character. On the basis of pigmentation distribution in 10 plant parts, a total of twelve groups were formed with group one having no pigmentation and group twelve with pigmentation in 9 plant parts. On the basis of plant habit and awning character, three groups of each were formed. The genetic parameters for the ten agronomic traits indicated that the selection of genotypes may be done for fertile spikelets per panicle, spikelet density, spikelet sterility percentage, and hundred seed weight. Thus, on the basis of above characters, the genotypes Tulsi Mala, Baanspati, Ganga Balu, Samund Chini, Tulsi Amrit, Dudh Dhan, Kari Gilas, Shankar Jeera, and Jata Shankar may be selected for future study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11168 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 1-8, March 2012


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KHALIQ ◽  
F ASLAM ◽  
A MATLOOB ◽  
A JAVAID ◽  
A TANVEER ◽  
...  

Phytotoxic effects of invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus were studied by using whole plant, leaf and root aqueous extracts at 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10% (w/v) concentrations against germination and early seedling growth of wheat and canola. Studies were carried out both in Petri plates with filter paper as substratum placed in controlled conditions and soil-filled plastic pots placed in open environments. Pronounced variation was noted for phytotoxic activity of different plant parts of parthenium, aqueous extract concentrations, test species, and bioassay techniques. Aqueous parthenium extracts either inhibited or delayed the germination and suppressed seedling growth of test species over control. For both test species, all the germination attributes were suppressed to a greater extent in Petri plates than in plastic pots. Leaf extracts were more suppressive to germination of test species than whole plant and root extracts. Increasing extract concentration beyond 2.5% caused significant reduction in seedling dry biomass of both test species. Aqueous parthenium extract diminished chlorophyll contents of wheat and canola by 32-63% and 29 69%, respectively. Nevertheless, an increase of 9-172% and 22-60% in phenolic contents of wheat and canola was recorded. Canola appeared to be more susceptible than wheat at all extract concentrations. Present study concluded that bioassays conducted under controlled condition using filter paper as substratum may be misleading due to over estimation of allelopathic response and variation in potential of receiver and donor species. Furthermore, it implies that threshold concentrations of allelochemicals for test species in Petri plates are rarely reached under field conditions.


2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea A. Comanescu ◽  
Cyril Muehlethaler ◽  
John R. Lombardi ◽  
Marco Leona ◽  
Thomas A. Kubic

This research presents a study in surface-enhanced Raman quantitation of dyes present in mixtures of alizarin and purpurin using standard calibration curves and Langmuir isotherm calibration models. Investigations of the nature of competitive adsorption onto silver nanoparticles by centrifugation indicates that both dyes in the mixture interact with the nanoparticles simultaneously, but only the stronger adsorbing one is seen to dominate the spectral characteristics. Calibration can be carried out by careful selection of peaks characteristic to each dye in the mixture. Comparisons of peak height and peak area calibrations reveal that peak heights, when selected by the maximum value and accounting for peak shifts, prove the better model for quantitation. It is also shown that the microwave nanoparticle synthesis method produces stable nanoparticles with a shelf-life of at least one year that give very little variation within and between uses.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peace C. Asuzu ◽  
Alberta N.A. Aryee ◽  
Nicholas Trompeter ◽  
Yasmin Mann ◽  
Samuel A. Besong ◽  
...  

AbstractPhenolic compounds are products of secondary plant metabolism known for their biological activity including their antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, stimulant, anti- carcinogenic, and aphrodisiac properties. The main objective of this study was to assess the potency/cytotoxic effects of Prunus africana extracts on prostate cancer cells in vitro. Using different concentrations of P. africana extracts, prostate cancer C4-2 cells, a hormonally insensitive subline of LNCaP cells, were treated in a proliferation assay. A concentration dependent inhibition of cell growth in cells treated with P. africana bark and root extracts was present from days 1 through 3 of incubation, with the methanol extract of the bark showing the strongest effect. Compared to other plant parts, leaf extracts were significantly less cytotoxic at the same concentrations. As C4-2 cells are hormonally insensitive and designed to mimic advanced prostate cancer, crude extracts of P. africana are a possible treatment option, not only for hormone sensitive prostate cancer, but also advanced, hormonally insensitive prostate cancer.


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