Assessment of Biostimulation Methods based on Chemical Communication in Female Doe Reproduction

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula R. Villamayor ◽  
Julián Gullón ◽  
Uxía Yáñez ◽  
María Sánchez ◽  
Pablo Sánchez-Quinteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Image ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male Urine ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Female Urine ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

Biostimulation is an animal management practice that helps improve reproductive parameters by modulating animal sensory systems. Chemical signals, mostly known as pheromones, have a great potential in this regard. This study was conducted to determine the influence of short-term female rabbit exposure to different conditions, mainly pheromone-mediated, on reproductive parameters of inseminated does. Groups of 60 females/each were exposed to 1) female urine, 2) male urine, 3) seminal plasma and 4) female-female interaction, just before artificial insemination, and compared to isolated females controls (female-female separated). The following reproductive parameters were analyzed for each group: receptivity (vulvar color), fertility (calving rate), prolificacy and number of born alive and dead kits ⁄ litter. Our results showed that the biostimulation methods employed in this experiment did not significantly improve any of the analyzed parameters. However, female doe exposure to urine, especially to male urine, slightly increased fertility levels when compared to the rest of the experimental conditions. Female-female interaction before artificial insemination, which is a common practice in rabbit farms, did not have any effect, which suggests its removal to avoid unnecessary animal management and time cost. On the other hand, fertility ranges were lower for animals with pale vulvar color whereas no differences were noticed among the other three colours which measure receptivity (pink, red, purple), thus suggesting that these three colours could be grouped together. Additionally, equine chorionic gonadotropin injection could be replaced with various biostimulation methods, therefore reducing or replacing current hormonal treatments, and contributing to animal welfare and to a natural image of animal production.

Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on pregnancy rates of Nellore cows resynchronized with the use of new DIB and third use, and inseminated at fixed-time

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-362
Author(s):  
Josemara Silva Santos ◽  
Tania Cavalcante ◽  
Francisca Elda Ferreira Dias ◽  
Domenica Palomaris Mariano de Souza ◽  
Alencariano J.S. Falcão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effects of recombinant bovine somatropin (rbST), and the reuse of the progesterone (P4) releasing devices in resynchronization, on the pregnancy rates of Nellore cows submitted to fixed-time artificial insemination. A group of 123 multiparae Nellore cows, was submitted to a resynchronization protocol: on day 0 a Bovine Intravaginal Device (DIB® ) with 1,0g of P4 was implanted, associated with intramuscular administration of 2,0mg of estradiol benzoate (IM); on day 8 DIB was removed; and 1,0mg of estradiol cypionate, 0,15mg of prostaglandin F2? and 300 UI of equine chorionic gonadotropin were administered; on day 10, fixed-time artificial insemination was conducted (FTAI). The cows were randomized into G1 (n=12) – without rbST / with used Bovine Intravaginal Device, G2 (n=50) – without rbST / with new DIB, G3 (n=11) - with rbST / with used DIB and G4 (n=50) – with rbST/ with new DIB. rbST was introduced on the eighth day of the protocol. Sixty days after TAI, pregnancy diagnoses were conducted, via rectal palpation. Blood samples were taken on day 0, 8 and 10 of the protocol, in order to assess P4 plasma concentrations. Pregnancy rates were statistically evaluated through Generalized Linear Models Theory and their significance was tested with Analysis of Deviance. Pregnancy rates were 58%, 40%, 81% and 48% for G1, G2, G3 and G4, respectively, with significant statistical difference for G3. Plasma concentrations of P4 were not statistically different among groups, or collections. In view of the results obtained, we concluded that the administration of rbST in association with P4 DIB, used for the third time, improves pregnancy rates. Estrus resynchronization and re-insemination positively impacted pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals Effects on Synchronization and Reproductive Efficiency of Delaying the Removal of the Intravaginal Progesterone Device by 24 h in the 5d Co-synch Protocol in Heifers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 849
Author(s):  
Aitor Fernandez-Novo ◽  
Sergio Santos-Lopez ◽  
Jose Luis Pesantez-Pacheco ◽  
Natividad Pérez-Villalobos ◽  
Ana Heras-Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Farm Economics

In beef herds, increasing animal welfare, improving reproductive performance and easing animal management are key goals in farm economics. We explored whether delaying the removal of the intravaginal progesterone device by 24 h in heifers synchronized with a 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol could improve reproductive efficiency of fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In experiment 1, we examined the total synchronization rate (TSR) in cycling Holstein heifers. Heifers (13.4 ± 0.69 mo.) were randomly assigned to the standard 5d Co-synch 56-h protocol (5dCo56; n = 10), 5d Co-synch 72-h (5dCo72; n = 17), or the modified 5d Co-synch 72-h protocol, in which removal of the progesterone device was delayed by 24 h (6dCo48; n = 19). In experiment 2, 309 cycling beef heifers on 18 commercial farms were subjected to the 5d Co-synch 72-h or 6-d Co-synch 48-h protocol and conception rate (CR) studied. In experiment 1, the three protocols led no differences on TSRs of 80.0% (5dCo56), 88.2% (5dCo72), and 89.5% (6dCo48). In experiment 2, the CR from the beef heifers, observed during two consecutive reproductive seasons did not differ: 59.7% for 5dCo72 and 62.0% for 6dCo48 (p = 0.907). Therefore, delaying removal by 24 h provides satisfactory results without reducing reproductive efficiency of heifers.

scholarly journals Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽  
Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽  
Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽  
Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Detection Coverage ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

Intercalation Processes in Cobalt Substituted Nickel Oxyhydroxides

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hydrolysis Reaction ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Layered Oxides ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cobalt Ions

AbstractChimie douce reactions (hydrolysis and reduction) from layered oxides : NaNiO2, NaxCoO2 and NaNil-xCoxO2 lead to numerous oxyhydroxides and hydroxides which differ by the composition of the intersheet space.According to the experimental conditions of the hydrolysis reaction, the oxyhydroxides can be unhydrated or intercalated with one or two layers of water molecules. From the most hydrated phases, the other ones can be obtained by chemical, thermal and even mechanical treatment.The reduction of Co-substituted nickel oxyhydroxides leads to hydroxides in which nickel and cobalt ions are respectively divalent and trivalent. In order to compensate the excess of positive charge in the (Ni, Co)O2 sheet, anions (OH-, CO32-, SO42-, NO3-) are inserted in the Van der Waals gap.For the highest anion amounts, well ordered α*-type materials are obtained. Water molecules are simultaneously inserted in the interslab space. Their structure is strongly related to the hydrotalcite one. When the amouit of anions in the intersheet space is not sufficient, interstratified materials are obtained. In this case the (Ni,Co)(OH)2 slabs are separated by a layer of CO32- anions and water molecules (α*-type) or by an empty Van der Waals gap (β(II)-type). The amount of α*-type planes in the structure increases with the cobalt amount. All these materials have been characterized by IR spectroscopy which allows to detect the existence of two types of O-H bonds (free in α*-type plane or hydrogen bonded in ²(II)-type plane).

scholarly journals Emotions, Planning and Co-production: Distrust, Anger and Fear at Participatory Boundaries in Bengaluru

Urbanisation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-157
Author(s):  
Jayaraj Sundaresan ◽  
Benjamin John
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planning Theory ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
Emotional Geographies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Critical Policy

Emotions relationally and performatively constitute the very boundaries that distinguish the subject from the other(s). The urban human in India is affectively constituted by many intense emotional experiences of everyday life. Adopting a participation view of planning and drawing from Sarah Ahmed (2014, The cultural politics of emotion. Edinburgh University Press), we examine ‘what emotions do’ in the planning and participatory atmospheres (Buser, 2014, Planning Theory, vol. 13, pp. 227–243) in Bangalore. Tracing emotional content embedded in participations and non-participations, we demonstrate how distrust, anger and fear co-produced the process and outcomes of the 2031 Master Plan of Bangalore. We join the few emerging scholars that call attention to the emotional geographies of planning, particularly to be able to transform the continuing colonial urban management practice in the postcolonial world to that of planning. Planning, we argue, has to involve participation, in which emotions, we demonstrate, are the connective tissue (Newman, 2012, Critical Policy Studies, vol. 6, pp. 465–479).

In Vitro Binding of Zearalenone to Different Adsorbents

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 613-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE J. BUENO ◽  
LILIANA DI MARCO ◽  
GUILLERMO OLIVER ◽  
ALICIA BARDÓN
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vitro Binding ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Vitro Binding ◽  
Dose Levels

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a potent estrogenic metabolite produced by some Fusarium species. No treatment has been successfully employed to get rid of the ZEA contained in foods. This study was conducted to evaluate the ability (adsorptive power) of five adsorbents—activated carbon, bentonite, talc, sandstone, and calcium sulfate—to trap ZEA in vitro. Activated carbon was the best adsorbent, binding 100% ZEA (pH 3 and 7.3) at 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1% dose levels. Bentonite, talc, and calcium sulfate were less efficient than activated carbon but still could bind ZEA to some extent. On the other hand, sandstone was inactive in the experimental conditions employed. Our results indicate that activated carbon could be a good candidate for detoxification of ZEA present in foods.

Efficiency of mating, artificial insemination or resynchronisation at different times after first timed artificial insemination in postpartum Nellore cows to produce crossbred calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walvonvitis Baes Rodrigues ◽  
Jean do Prado Jara ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges ◽  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Pinto Gomes de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this trial was to evaluate different post-timed artificial insemination (TAI) reproductive managements in postpartum beef cows to produce crossbred calves from artificial insemination (AI). Nellore cows (n = 607), with 45 days postpartum, were inseminated at a fixed time, using a protocol that included an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device along with oestradiol benzoate, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotropin, and oestradiol cypionate, followed TAI 48 h post-device removal. Four post-TAI treatments were evaluated: in CONTROL (T1, n = 161), cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). In OBSERVATION (T2, n = 132), heat detection was performed for 15–25 days post-TAI, followed by AI. In RESYNC22 (T3, n = 157) and RESYNC30 (T4, n = 157), resynchronisation started after 22 or 30 days, following second TAI at Day 32 or 40 days after first TAI. In T2, T3 and T4, after the second AI, cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). The pregnancy rate (PR) for the first TAI did not differ (54.6%, 53.0%, 59.2%, and 51.6% for CONTROL, OBSERVATION, RESYNC 22, and RESYNC 30, respectively; P = 0.66), and no difference was observed for the second TAI (RESYNC 22 = 45.31% and RESYNC30 = 46.05%; P = 0.137), in the PR at the end of the breeding season (86.33%, 86.36%, 78.98%, and 81.52%, P = 0.43), or embryonic losses (4.54%, 2.85%, 6.45% and 7.40%, respectively; P = 0.61), but the percentage of crossbred pregnancy was higher in groups with resynchronisation (RESYNC22 and RESYNC30) than CONTROL and OBSERVATION (98.38%, 90.62%, 63.30%, 78.95%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, resynchronisation programs of 22 or 30 days are more efficient to produce AI products, and the final pregnancy rate is similar among the treatments, differing only in the amount of calves produced by AI.

The Effects of Adverse Environmental Conditions on Workload

1975 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-304
Author(s):  
Ann E. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Random Numbers ◽  
Performance Decrement ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Continuous Noise ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Intermittent Noise

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of environmental conditions on visual workload. The environmental variables used were temperature, studied at levels of 45°F., WBGT, and 95°F., WBGT; and noise, studied at 83 dBA intermittent noise and 93 dBA continuous noise. Workload was defined as the amount of attention demanded from an operator as measured by performance decrement on a secondary task while performing a primary and secondary task simultaneously. The secondary task was reading random numbers, and the primary task was reading word lists. Significant differences (p<.05) were found between the control condition and all experimental conditions. The low temperature and high temperature-continuous noise conditions were significantly different from the other conditions. Noise and temperature were found to significantly increase workload (p<05).

scholarly journals Efecto de la alternación de fuentes sanguíneas sobre la fecundidad y la fertilidad de Rhodnius prolixus Stal (Heteroptera: Reduviidae).

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elis José Aldana ◽  
David Jácome ◽  
Eliézer Lizano
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Rhodnius Prolixus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Blood Source

En este trabajo se evidencia que si el éxito reproductivo de Rhodnius prolixus Stal está relacionado a la fuente alimentaria, entonces las necesidades biológicas del insecto son satisfechas en modos diferentes según el tipo de alternancia entre dichas fuentes de alimentación; tales diferencias son reveladas mediante los cambios en fertilidad y fecundidad del insecto. Se realizaron nueve alternancias, en cada una se suministraron dos alimentaciones, en unas se alternó la fuente de alimentación y en los controles se suministraron dos alimentaciones con la misma fuente. Las fuentes alimentarias fueron paloma, gallina y humano, esta última mediante un aparato de alimentación artificial; estas fuentes se escogieron en el supuesto que son fuentes alimentarias encontradas en los ecotopos silvestre, peri-domicilio y domicilio respectivamente. En todos los tipos de alternancia se encontró una relación lineal entre la fecundidad y el tiempo de oviposición, que la relación entre cantidad de sangre ingerida y la fecundidad varían, que la tasa de fecundidad aumenta en la segunda alimentación respecto a la primera y que la fertilidad fue superior al 95 %.   Effects of alternating blood sources on fecundity and fertility of Rhodnius prolixus Stal (Heteroptera: Reduviidae) In this work it is argued that if the reproductive parameters of Rhodnius prolixus Stal are related to the blood source upon which it feeds, then the insects biological needs must be satisfied in different ways by the alternation between blood sources, reveled through changes in the fecundity and fertility of individuals of this insect species. Nine experiments were conducted, each one consisting of two feedings, in which the blood source were either alternated or remained the same. The meal sources used were pigeon, hen and human blood, selected according to the resources found in the sylvatic, peri-domestic and domestic ecotopes respectively. It was found that the quantity of blood ingested and the fecundity were differents according to alternation of blood sources offered in each meal. A linear relation was found between the fecundity and the time of oviposition in every alternation of meal sources. On the other hand there was a slope increase in the second feeding of every experiment. The fertility was above 95% in each experiment.   Efeito da alternação de fontes sanguíneas sobre fecundidade e fertilidade de Rhodnius prolixus Stal (Heteroptera Reduviidae) Neste trabalho evidencia-se que o sucesso reprodutivo de Rhodnius prolixus Stal esta relacionado à fonte alimentícia, então as necessidades biológicas do inseto são satisfeitas em modos diferentes segundo o tipo de alternância entre ditas fontes de alimentação; tais diferenças são reveladas mediante mudanças em fertilidade e fecundidade do inseto. Realizaram-se nove testes, em cada um foram subministradas duas alimentações, sendo que em alguns foi alternada a fonte de alimentação e nos controles foram subministradas duas alimentações com a mesma fonte. As fontes alimentícias foram pomba, galinha e humano, esta ultima mediante um aparelho de alimentação artificial; estas fontes foram escolhidas no suposto que são fontes alimentícias encontradas nos ecótopos silvestres, peridomicilio e domicilio respectivamente. Em todos os tipos de alternância foi encontrada uma relação lineal entre a fecundidade e o tempo de oviposição, que a relação entre quantidade de sangue ingerida e a fecundidade variam, que a taxa de fecundidade aumenta na segunda alimentação respeito à primeira e que a fertilidade foi superior ao 95%.

scholarly journals The Effect of A PRID®Delta-Based Estrus Synchronization Protocol On Pregnancy Rates In Cows With No Estrus Symptoms

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Can Demir ◽  
Cihan Kaçar ◽  
Umut Çağın Arı ◽  
Semra Kaya ◽  
Oğuz Merhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the effects of progesterone-based gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) injections on progesterone profiles and pregnancy rates in cows with no estrus symptoms within 60 days after parturition. A total of 80 cows were included in the study. All animals had the progesterone-releasing device PRID®Delta placed intravaginally for nine days with an injection of GnRH. On the eighth day, PGF2α was injected, and PRID®Delta was removed from the vagina on day nine. Artificial insemination was carried out 60 hours after PRID®Delta removal. In half of the animals (n = 40), 600 IU of eCG was injected when PRID®Delta was removed on the ninth day before artificial insemination 60 hours later. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein on days 0 and 8 to determine progesterone levels. The pregnancy rate in the group that received eCG was 37.5%, while it was 27.5% in those that did not (P = 0.4). While the dominant follicle diameter was 15.5 mm in cows injected with eCG during timed artificial insemination, the follicle diameter was 12.4 mm in cows with no eCG injection (P <0.001). There were no differences in serum progesterone values in blood samples taken until the time of artificial insemination. However, progesterone values in the blood taken during artificial insemination were 0.94 ng/ml in the eCG- group and 0.72 ng/ml in the eCG+ group (P <0.05). As a result, it was determined that eCG injections, in addition to progesterone-based GnRH and PGF2α applications, increased the pregnancy rates in cows without symptoms of estrus. The dominant follicle diameter was larger in cows treated with eCG during artificial insemination; however, follicle size did not increase the pregnancy rate.

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