scholarly journals Particulate Matter in Swine Barns: A Comprehensive Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufei Yang ◽  
Noor Haleem ◽  
Augustina Osabutey ◽  
Zhisheng Cen ◽  
Karlee Albert
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Swine Barns

Particulate matter (PM) represents an air quality management challenge for confined swine production systems. Because of the limited space and ventilation rate, PM can reach relatively high concentrations in swine barns. PM in swine barns possesses different physical, chemical, and biological characteristics than that in the atmosphere and other indoor environments. As a result, it exerts different environmental and health effects and creates some unique challenges regarding PM measurement and mitigation. Numerous research efforts have been made, generating massive data and information. However, relevant review reports are sporadic. This study aims to provide an updated comprehensive review of swine barn PM, focusing on publications since 1990. It covers various topics, including PM characteristics, sources, measurement methods, and in-barn mitigation technologies. Since PM in swine barns is of primarily biological origins, bioaerosols are reviewed in great detail. Relevant topics include bacterial/fungal counts, viruses, microbial community composition, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, endotoxins, and (1→3)-β-D-glucans. For each topic, existing knowledge is summarized and discussed and knowledge gaps are identified. Overall, PM in swine barns is complicated in chemical and biological composition and highly variable in mass concentrations, size, and microbial abundance. Feed, feces, and skins constitute the major PM sources. Regarding in-barn PM mitigation, four technologies (oil/water sprinkling, ionization, alternation of feed and feeders, and recirculating air filtration) are dominant. However, none of them have been widely used in commercial barns. A collective discussion of major knowledge gaps and future research needs is offered at the end of the report.

Management Sustainability - past present and future trends

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Core Content ◽  
Management Literature ◽  
Scopus Database

Research related to sustainable management is rapidly increasing in quantity and is found in divergent literature and disciplines. Now is the time to offer a comprehensive review that identifies, synthesizes, and integrates previous research and highlights knowledge gaps and the way forward. This methodical literature search helped systematize 86 articles in the Scopus database published by 2018. Using a systematic and in-depth content analysis using bibliometric techniques, the authors reviewed the articles and identified the main theories used and the methodological orientations in these. articles. This review helps to identify significant knowledge gaps in terms of theoretical orientation and core content. The main contributions of this paper are: to outline and summarize a multilevel analysis of emerging sustainable management literature; integrate and extract potential theoretical contributions in this field; and indicate directions for future research.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquaculture sector: global reports and research gaps.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin O.G. Kemp ◽  
Jessica J. Taylor ◽  
Lisa A. Kelly ◽  
Renée Larocque ◽  
Armando Heriazon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Systematic Map ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes

Aquaculture has been one of the fastest-growing food production systems over the last decade and increased intensification of production has created conditions that favour disease outbreaks. Antibiotics are commonly applied in the animal food sector to fight against antibacterial infections, however their inappropriate use contributes to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Investment in research and capacity-strengthening, in parallel to enforcing existing regulations around antimicrobial use, are potentially powerful tools in tackling the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emanating from animal producing systems such as aquaculture. However, directing investment effectively is challenging due to the limited data available that hinders the identification of risk areas for current and future AMR emergence. Here, we aim to partially fulfill this gap by analyzing the current peer-reviewed literature reporting AMR genes in aquaculture food production systems and combining the data in a systematic map. Systematic searches of three bibliographic databases, a search engine, and 120 reviews returned 10 699 articles which were screened at title and abstract and then by full text (n = 1100). 218 articles, spanning 39 countries and 6 continents, met all inclusion criteria and were coded to retrieve bibliographic, methodology and study outcome data. AMR gene detections were associated with 44 families of fish and crustaceans and 75 genera of bacteria, with most studies employing primer-based methods to detect ARGs. A narrative synthesis explores implications for future research and policy as well as limitations of the systematic mapping methodology.

scholarly journals Mobility of β-lactam resistance under ampicillin treatment in gut microbiota suffering from pre-disturbance

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Laskey ◽  
John Devenish ◽  
Mingsong Kang ◽  
Mirjana Savic ◽  
John Chmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ingestion of food- or waterborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria may lead to dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota often suffers from various disturbances. It is not clear whether and how disturbed microbiota may affect ARG mobility under antibiotic treatments. For proof of concept, in the presence or absence of streptomycin pre-treatment, mice were inoculated orally with a β-lactam-susceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg clinical isolate (recipient) and a β-lactam resistant Escherichia coli O80:H26 isolate (donor) carrying a blaCMY-2 gene on an IncI2 plasmid. Immediately following inoculation, mice were treated with or without ampicillin in drinking water for 7 days. Faeces were sampled, donor, recipient and transconjugant were enumerated, blaCMY-2 abundance was determined by quantitative PCR, faecal microbial community composition was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and cecal samples were observed histologically for evidence of inflammation. In faeces of mice that received streptomycin pre-treatment, the donor abundance remained high, and the abundance of S. Heidelberg transconjugant and the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae increased significantly during the ampicillin treatment. Co-blooming of the donor, transconjugant and commensal Enterobacteriaceae in the inflamed intestine promoted significantly (P<0.05) higher and possibly wider dissemination of the blaCMY-2 gene in the gut microbiota of mice that received the combination of streptomycin pre-treatment and ampicillin treatment (Str–Amp) compared to the other mice. Following cessation of the ampicillin treatment, faecal shedding of S. Heidelberg transconjugant persisted much longer from mice in the Str–Amp group compared to the other mice. In addition, only mice in the Str–Amp group shed a commensal E. coli O2:H6 transconjugant, which carries three copies of the blaCMY-2 gene, one on the IncI2 plasmid and two on the chromosome. The findings highlight the significance of pre-existing gut microbiota for ARG dissemination and persistence during and following antibiotic treatments of infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Knowledge Gaps and Recommendations for Future Research of Indoor Particulate Matter in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 3043-3062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kuskowska ◽  
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska ◽  
Kamila Widziewicz ◽  
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Indoor Particulate Matter

Roles of externalisation activities in the design process

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Maral Babapour Chafi
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Design Processes ◽  
Digital Modelling

Designers engage in various activities, dealing with different materials and media to externalise and represent their form ideas. This paper presents a review of design research literature regarding externalisation activities in design process: sketching, building physical models and digital modelling. The aim has been to review research on the roles of media and representations in design processes, and highlight knowledge gaps and questions for future research.

Amruthapala (Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter): A Comprehensive Review on Diversity, Therapeutic Uses, and Valorization of Bioactive Constituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonali Mishra ◽  
Nupur Srivastava ◽  
Velusamy Sundaresan ◽  
Karuna Shanker
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Uses ◽  
Decalepis Arayalpathra

Background: Decalepis arayalpathra (J. Joseph and V. Chandras.) Venter is used primarily for nutrition besides its therapeutic values. Traditional preparations/formulations from its tuber are used as a vitalizer and blood purifier drink. The folklore medicinal uses cover inflammation, cough, wound healing, antipyretic, and digestive system management. A comprehensive review of the current understanding of the plant is required due to emerging concerns over its safety and efficacy. Objective: The systematic collection of the authentic information from different sources with the critical discussion is summarised in order to address various issues related to botanical identity, therapeutic medicine, nutritional usage, phytochemical, and pharmacological potentials of the D. arayalpathra. Current use of traditional systems of medicine can be used to expand future research opportunities. Materials and Methods: Available scripted information was collected manually, from peered review research papers and international databases viz. Science Direct, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Scopus, etc. The unpublished resources which were not available in database were collected through the classical books of ‘Ayurveda’ and ‘Siddha’ published in regional languages. The information from books, Ph.D. and MSc dissertations, conference papers and government reports were also collected. We thoroughly screened the scripted information of classical books, titles, abstracts, reports, and full-texts of the journals to establish the reliability of the content. Results: Tuber bearing vanilla like signature flavor is due to the presence of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (HMB). Among five other species, Decalepis arayalpathra (DA) has come under the ‘critically endangered’ category, due to over-exploitation for traditional, therapeutic and cool drink use. The experimental studies proved that it possesses gastro-protective, anti-tumor, and antiinflammatory activities. Some efforts were also made to develop better therapeutics by logical modifications in 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, which is a major secondary metabolite of D. arayalpathra. ‘Amruthapala’ offers the enormous opportunity to develop herbal drink with health benefits like gastro-protective, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Results: The plant has the potential to generate the investigational new lead (IND) based on its major secondary metabolite i.e. 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde. The present mini-review summarizes the current knowledge on Decalepis arayalpathra, covering its phytochemical diversity, biological potentials, strategies for its conservation, and intellectual property rights (IPR) status. Chemical Compounds: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 69600), α-amyrin acetate (Pubchem CID: 293754), Magnificol (Pubchem CID: 44575983), β-sitosterol (Pubchem CID: 222284), 3-hydroxy-p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127), Naringenin (Pubchem CID: 932), Kaempferol (Pubchem CID: 5280863), Aromadendrin (Pubchem CID: 122850), 3-methoxy-1,2-cyclopentanedione (Pubchem CID: 61209), p-anisaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 31244), Menthyl acetate (Pubchem CID: 27867), Benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 240), p-cymene (Pubchem CID: 7463), Salicylaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 6998), 10-epi-γ-eudesmol (Pubchem CID: 6430754), α -amyrin (Pubchem CID: 225688), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy benzaldehyde (Pubchem CID: 12127).

International Archival Auditing and Assurance Research: Trends, Methodological Issues, and Opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Simnett ◽  
Elizabeth Carson ◽  
Ann Vanstraelen
Keyword(s):  
Audit Quality ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Support Evidence

SUMMARY We present a comprehensive review of the 130 international archival auditing and assurance research articles that were published in eight leading accounting and auditing journals for 1995–2014. In order to support evidence-based international standard setting and regulation, and to identify what has been learned to date, we map this research to the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board's (IAASB) Framework for Audit Quality. For the areas that have been well researched, we provide a summary of the findings and outline how they can inform standard setters and regulators. We also observe a significant evolution in international archival research over the 20 years of our study, as evidenced by the measures of audit quality, data sources used, and approaches used to address endogeneity concerns. Finally, we identify some challenges in undertaking international archival auditing and assurance research and identify opportunities for future research. Our review is of interest to researchers, practitioners, and standard setters/regulators involved in international auditing and assurance activities.

scholarly journals Report of the first AKI Round Table meeting: an initiative of the ESICM AKI Section

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ostermann ◽  
A. Schneider ◽  
T. Rimmele ◽  
I. Bobek ◽  
M. van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Critically Ill Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Blood Pressure Targets

Abstract Purpose Critical Care Nephrology is an emerging sub-specialty of Critical Care. Despite increasing awareness about the serious impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal replacement therapy (RRT), important knowledge gaps persist. This report represents a summary of a 1-day meeting of the AKI section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) identifying priorities for future AKI research. Methods International Members of the AKI section of the ESICM were selected and allocated to one of three subgroups: “AKI diagnosis and evaluation”, “Medical management of AKI” and “Renal Replacement Therapy for AKI.” Using a modified Delphi methodology, each group identified knowledge gaps and developed potential proposals for future collaborative research. Results The following key research projects were developed: Systematic reviews: (a) epidemiology of AKI with stratification by patient cohorts and diagnostic criteria; (b) role of higher blood pressure targets in patients with hypertension admitted to the Intensive Care Unit, and (c) specific clearance characteristics of different modalities of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Observational studies: (a) epidemiology of critically ill patients according to AKI duration, and (b) current clinical practice of CRRT. Intervention studies:( a) Comparison of different blood pressure targets in critically ill patients with hypertension, and (b) comparison of clearance of solutes with various molecular weights between different CRRT modalities. Conclusion Consensus was reached on a future research agenda for the AKI section of the ESICM.

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