scholarly journals Hyperuricemia: Features of the Diet

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-899
Author(s):  
O. B. Shvabskaia ◽  
O. V. Izmailova ◽  
N. S. Karamnova ◽  
O. M. Drapkina
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

The association of hyperuricemia (HU) with cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and kidney disease has been demonstrated in numerous studies. НU is the main pathogenetic factor in the development of gout and is associated with an increase in overall and cardiovascular mortality. НU is included in the list of factors determining cardiovascular risk. According to epidemiological studies, there is a high prevalence of HU in the world and its increase in recent decades. A number of factors have been identified that contribute to the increased risk of НU. Non-modifiable factors include gender, age, genetic factors, and modifiable factors include diet and lifestyle. Nutritional unbalances, increased life expectancy, increased prevalence of obesity, and increased use of drugs (especially diuretics) are seen as contributing factors to the rise in НU. The review was carried out to summarize the available information on the effect of dietary habits, individual foods and nutrients on serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the risk of developing HU. The review presents the results of scientific studies demonstrating the relationship of НU with the consumption of foods rich in purines (offal, red meat, fish, seafood, legumes), alcohol consumption, drinks sweetened with fructose, coffee, dairy products, vegetables and fruits. Diet correction is an important and necessary step in the prevention and treatment of НU. The article reviews the basic principles of dietary management in HU and provides dietary recommendations for patients. For effective prevention and treatment of НU, a mandatory correction of the diet is required.

scholarly journals Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Ljungberg ◽  
Emma Bondza ◽  
Connie Lethin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits

Background: Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, of which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing the most. Research shows that diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression (depression). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the diets impact on depression, by reviewing the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment interventions. Method: A systematic review was conducted, and narrative synthesis analysis was performed. Result: Twenty scientific articles were included in this review. The result showed that high adherence to dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake of anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium and folic acid; various fatty acids; and fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals that work to support and motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent and treat depression based on the evidence presented in the results of this study. Further research is needed to strengthen a causal relationship and define evidence-based strategies to implement in prevention and treatment by public healthcare.

Gene-diet interaction and plasma lipid responses to dietary intervention

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Ordovas
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Increased Risk

Strategies for disease prevention can have a major impact on people's health. However, major gaps exist in our knowledge with regard to nutritional adequacy, nutrient-disease interactions, nutrient-gene interactions, and effective strategies for implementation of dietary recommendations which have the potential to decrease the disease burden and to contribute to successful aging of the population. Coronary heart disease is one of the major causes of mortality in the world. We have sound evidence that high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Lipoprotein concentrations are associated with environmental variables such as diet and lifestyle, but genetics also play a significant role. We have examined polymorphisms at candidate loci to determine their usefulness as markers for dietary responses. A G/A polymorphism 75 bp upstream from the gene encoding apolipoprotein AI (APOA1) has been described in ~ 30% of the population. Our studies show that this polymorphism is associated with variability in the HDL-C response to dietary fat, specifically to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet. Carriers of the A allele respond to increases in dietary PUFA with elevations in HDL-C levels, probably due to altered interactions of transcription factors with the mutated promoter. Therefore carriers of the A allele can potentially decrease their atherogenic risk by consuming high-PUFA diets. Likewise, we have examined the interaction between other dietary habits, such as alcohol drinking, and variability at the APOE locus, and have demonstrated that the classical associations between APOE polymorphism and LDL-C levels are observed primarily in those subjects who consume alcohol. Moreover, we have found a subgroup of the population, APOE4 carriers, for whom drinking alcohol may exert detrimental effects on lipid metabolism. This knowledge will contribute towards the development of more effective personalized dietary recommendations.

scholarly journals Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S59-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Van Cauter ◽  
Kristen L Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Children

Sleep is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function and glucose metabolism in children as well as in adults. In recent years, sleep curtailment has become a hallmark of modern society with both children and adults having shorter bedtimes than a few decades ago. This trend for shorter sleep duration has developed over the same time period as the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both laboratory and epidemiological studies to indicate that chronic partial sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity and weight gain. The present article reviews laboratory evidence indicating that sleep curtailment in young adults results in a constellation of metabolic and endocrine alterations, including decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, elevated sympathovagal balance, increased evening concentrations of cortisol, increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin, and increased hunger and appetite. We also review cross-sectional epidemiological studies associating short sleep with increased body mass index and prospective epidemiological studies that have shown an increased risk of weight gain and obesity in children and young adults who are short sleepers. Altogether, the evidence points to a possible role of decreased sleep duration in the current epidemic of obesity.

scholarly journals Nutrition and healthy ageing: the key ingredients

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Kiefte-de Jong ◽  
John C. Mathers ◽  
Oscar H. Franco
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Healthy Ageing ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Healthy longevity is a tangible possibility for many individuals and populations, with nutritional and other lifestyle factors playing a key role in modulating the likelihood of healthy ageing. Nevertheless, studies of effects of nutrients or single foods on ageing often show inconsistent results and ignore the overall framework of dietary habits. Therefore, the use of dietary patterns (e.g. a Mediterranean dietary pattern) and the specific dietary recommendations (e.g. dietary approaches to stop hypertension, Polymeal and the American Healthy Eating Index) are becoming more widespread in promoting lifelong health. A posteriori defined dietary patterns are described frequently in relation to age-related diseases but their generalisability is often a challenge since these are developed specifically for the population under study. Conversely, the dietary guidelines are often developed based on prevention of disease or nutrient deficiency, but often less attention is paid to how well these dietary guidelines promote health outcomes. In the present paper, we provide an overview of the state of the art of dietary patterns and dietary recommendations in relation to life expectancy and the risk of age-related disorders (with emphasis on cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive outcomes). According to both a posteriori and a priori dietary patterns, some key ‘ingredients’ can be identified that are associated consistently with longevity and better cardiometabolic and cognitive health. These include high intake of fruit, vegetables, fish, (whole) grains and legumes/pulses and potatoes, whereas dietary patterns rich in red meat and sugar-rich foods have been associated with an increased risk of mortality and cardiometabolic outcomes.

scholarly journals Cancer prevention and diet: oppourtunities in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elio Riboli ◽  
Teresa Norat
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

AbstractOver the past 20 years, a large number of epidemiological studies, particularly case-control and cohort studies, have been conducted to investigate the role of diet and the risk of developing different types of cancer. The most consistent finding so far is the association observed between consumption of vegetables and fruit and reduced risk of cancers of the digestive and respiratory tracts. More recently, evidence has accumulated indicating that high consumption of red meat (mainly beef, lamp and pork) and of preserved meat (‘charcuterie’) is specifically associated with a modest but significant increase in colorectal cancer risk. Finally, there is epidemiological evidence supporting an association between the risk of developing gastric cancer and the intake of salt and-preserved foods.Cancer incidence and dietary habits vary substantially across Europe, and the expected benefit of dietary changes may be somewhat difference in different populations. Despite some uncertainly, it is generally agreed that an increase in the consumption of vegetables and fruits and a decrease in the intake of red meat, processed meat, alcoholic beverages, salt and salt-preserved foods should contribute to a reduction in the incidence of cancers of the digestive and respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Obesity and cancer

2008 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Pischon ◽  
Ute Nöthlings ◽  
Heiner Boeing
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cancer Site ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Obesity And Cancer

The prevalence of obesity, defined as a BMI of ≥30·0 kg/m2, has increased substantially over previous decades to about 20% in industrialized countries, and a further increase is expected in the future. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is a risk factor for: post-menopausal breast cancer; cancers of the endometrium, colon and kidney; malignant adenomas of the oesophagus. Obese subjects have an approximately 1·5–3·5-fold increased risk of developing these cancers compared with normal-weight subjects, and it has been estimated that between 15 and 45% of these cancers can be attributed to overweight (BMI 25·0–29·9 kg/m2) and obesity in Europe. More recent studies suggest that obesity may also increase the risk of other types of cancer, including pancreatic, hepatic and gallbladder cancer. The underlying mechanisms for the increased cancer risk as a result of obesity are unclear and may vary by cancer site and also depend on the distribution of body fat. Thus, abdominal obesity as defined by waist circumference or waist:hip ratio has been shown to be more strongly related to certain cancer types than obesity as defined by BMI. Possible mechanisms that relate obesity to cancer risk include insulin resistance and resultant chronic hyperinsulinaemia, increased production of insulin-like growth factors or increased bioavailability of steroid hormones. Recent research also suggests that adipose tissue-derived hormones and cytokines (adipokines), such as leptin, adiponectin and inflammatory markers, may reflect mechanisms linked to tumourigenesis.

scholarly journals Dietary recommendations: comparing dietary guidelines from Brazil and the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050-2058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Stephanie E. Chiuve ◽  
Rosângela Alves Pereira ◽  
Aline Cristine Souza Lopes ◽  
Walter C. Willett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The United States ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Fresh Foods

The Brazilian dietary guidelines are based in part on mainstream United States' recommendations, in spite of the criticisms and shortcomings of the American guidelines. In this paper, Brazilian food guidelines are summarized and discussed in comparison with the USA recommendations. American and Brazilian dietary recommendations are quite similar in many aspects, particularly those related to variety in the diet, the importance of physical activity and weight management. Different to American guidelines, those from Brazil advise people to choose fresh foods, to prefer healthier types of fat, to limit trans fat intake and to eat good sources of protein, but does not recommend the consumption of whole grains. Besides the challenges related to their implementation, indicators for the evaluation of the effectiveness of these guidelines should be established from the beginning, particularly those related to changes in dietary habits and the prevalence of obesity.

scholarly journals P705 Dietary practices and beliefs of patients with older-onset inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective UK study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S571-S571
Author(s):  
B Crooks ◽  
J McLaughlin ◽  
J K Limdi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Abstract Background In an aging population, 25–35% of those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are over 60 years old. A third of these are diagnosed at or over the age of 60 (older-onset IBD). Virtually no studies exist exploring the dietary practices and beliefs of patients with older-onset IBD. Elderly patients with IBD are at increased risk of nutritional deficiency and associated complications making it all the more important to understand the dietary habits and self-imposed restrictions of this group. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study is being conducted across NHS Trusts within the UK. Two-hundred patients with older-onset IBD will be recruited to complete a questionnaire regarding demographics and dietary practices. Here we provide an interim analysis of the data collected from the first 75 patients. Results Mean patient age is 73 years, 51% are male and 95% Caucasian. 68% have ulcerative colitis. Mean disease duration is 6 years. Thirty-six per cent of patients believe diet was an initiating factor in their IBD and this is based on their own experience (78%) or advice from a gastroenterologist (33%), dietitian (22%) or GP (22%). Fifty-six per cent of patients report a disease relapse in the last year and just under a third believe that diet could trigger a relapse. The most commonly identified triggers are spicy foods (61%), raw fruit and vegetables (57%), fatty foods (39%) and milk products (30%). Sixty-three per cent of patients avoid certain foods to prevent a relapse of IBD. The most commonly avoided foods are spicy (81%) and fatty foods (66%), carbonated drinks (60%), red meat (53%), raw fruit and vegetables (49%) and alcohol (49%). Half of patients report being able to find specific advice regarding dietary recommendations in IBD and 72% of these obtain this information from the internet. A quarter of patients avoid eating the same menu as their family at least some of the time to prevent relapse of their IBD and 36% of patients avoid eating out. One in five patients has tried a specific exclusionary diet to help manage their symptoms, most commonly a gluten free diet, in the absence of coeliac disease, in 12% of patients. Conclusion Despite a relatively low proportion of older-onset IBD patients believing diet is implicated in the initiation of their disease or its relapse, a significant number continue to restrict their diet. This, along with co-existing frailty, comorbidities and polypharmacy, may put this group of patients at increased risk of nutritional deficiency and its associated complications as well as impacting upon quality of life. Improved knowledge of the dietary habits of those with ‘older-onset’ IBD will allow healthcare professionals to identify those at risk and offer appropriate dietary interventions.

scholarly journals Nutrient Intake during Pregnancy and Adherence to Dietary Recommendations: The Mediterranean PHIME Cohort

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Federica Concina ◽  
Paola Pani ◽  
Claudia Carletti ◽  
Valentina Rosolen ◽  
Alessandra Knowles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Almost All

Few studies provide a detailed description of dietary habits during pregnancy, despite the central role of nutrition for the health of the mother and offspring. This paper describes the dietary habits, energy and nutrient intake in pregnant women from four countries belonging to the Mediterranean PHIME cohort (Croatia, Greece, Italy and Slovenia) and evaluates their adherence to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommendations. A total of 1436 women were included in the present analysis. Maternal diet was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The mean macro and micronutrient intakes were estimated and compared with the dietary reference values (DRVs). The percentage distribution of the 16 food groups in the total intake of each macronutrient was estimated. All women shared a similar diet during pregnancy; almost all the women in the four countries exceeded the DRV for sugars, and the total fat intake was above the DRV in most women in all the countries, as was the contribution of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) to the total energy intake. In all four countries, we observed an increased risk of micronutrient deficiency for iron, folate and vitamin D. Shared guidelines, implemented at both the national and European level, are essential to improve the maternal nutritional status during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Perception, Awareness about Predictors of Colorectal Cancer of Hail Region Saudi Arabia population

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Fahmida Khatoon ◽  
Madiha Rabie Mahmood ◽  
Sofian Talal Obeidat ◽  
Munirah Abdalmohsin Mohammad Alsatti ◽  
Reema Saleh Sulaiman Alanazi Alanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Incident Cases

Colorectal cancer is one of the major malignancies world-wide, accounting for approximately 20% of incident cases. The incidence and mortality have dramatically increased over the past 10th decades in Saudi Arabia. It has been argued that the change in epidemiological pattern is due to the implementation of a way of life style, characterized by use of junk foods and lack somatic exercise. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodyn amics (PD) of various drug are also under study for Colon cancer patients. It is remarkable that a lack of routine exercise or activity is supplementary evident for GIT cancer than any other cancer combined. Obesity has been reported to be associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer, and  closely associated with the level of physical activity in this study the effect of sociodemographic factor on biochemical aspects of Cancer is further analyzed. Aim of this study is to determine the awareness and perception of Colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia and to find out the dietary habits and use of fiber diet among them in order to identify the subpopulation that can be recipients of awareness and screening programs. About 317 subjects was selected after taking written consent on a detailed prescribed questionnaire. Sociodemographic data and information about dietary habits was collected along with biophysical data. All information and the obtained results were analyzed by using SPSS 23. Results: Most of the respondents (51% and 71.9%) knew what is colon and its function. About 11.7%, 62.1% and 22.1% respectively answer high, moderate and low incidence of CRC in Saudi Arabia while 66.9% knew that bowel cancer is 90% curable if detected early. 42% respondent shoed that that there is a an association between IBD and CRC and 75% know the correct time of screening for CRC. Very few respondents know the correct symptoms, risks factors, and screening modalities of Colorectal cancer. Mass media and books are most common method to know about colorectal cancer. Conclusions: Most of the respondent have enough knowledge about CRC although Screening awareness and modalities for screening of CRC need to be further acknowledged. Although they have enough awareness about CRC still most of the study population showed unhealthy life style and few of them use fiber diets and Vegetables and fruits as daily ingredient.

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