scholarly journals Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase is not the primary acceptor for near infrared light—it is mitochondrial bound water: the principles of low-level light therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S13-S13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei P. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Bound Water ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Low Level Light Therapy ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Primary Acceptor

Photobiomodulation: The Clinical Applications of Low-Level Light Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Ewan Glass
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Body Contouring ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Skin Rejuvenation ◽  
Near Infrared Light ◽  
Low Level Light Therapy ◽  
Low Level

Abstract Background Low level light therapy is a recent aaddition to the pantheon of light-based therapeutic interventions. Termed “photobiomodulation”, the absorption of red/near infrared light energy induces enhancement of mitochondrial ATP production, cell signaling and growth factor synthesis and attenuates oxidative stress. Photobiomodulation is highly commercialized with devices marketed directly to the consumer. In the grey area between the commercial and therapeutic sectors, harnessing the clinical potential in reproducible and scientifically measurable ways remains challenging. Objectives This article presents a summary of the clinical evidence for photobiomodulation and discusses the regulatory framework for low level light therapy Methods A review of the clinical literature pertaining to the use of low level light therapy for skin rejuvenation (facial rhytids and dyschromias), acne vulgaris, wound healing, body contouring and androgenic alopecia was performed. Results A reasonable body of clinical trial evidence exists in support of the role of low energy red/near infrared light as a safe and effective method of skin rejuvenation, treatment of acne vulgaris, alopecia and, especially, body contouring. Methodological flaws, small patient cohorts and industry funding mean there is ample scope to improve the quality of evidence. It remains unclear if LED-based light sources induces physiologic effects of the nature and magnitude of laser-based systems which were used in most of the higher quality studies. Conclusions Low level light therapy is here to stay. However, its ubiquity and commercial success has outpaced the empirical approach on which solid clinical evidence is established. Thus, the challenge is to prove its therapeutic utility in retrospect. Well-designed, adequately powered, independent clinical trials will help us answer some of the unresolved questions and enable the potential of this therapy to be realized.

scholarly journals Use of Vibrational Optical Coherence Tomography to Characterize Skin Lesions and a Congenital Nevus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
H Silver Frederick ◽  
◽  
G Shah Ruchit ◽  
Kelkar Nikita ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Nevus ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Congenital Nevus

We have used vibrational optical coherence tomography (VOCT) to image and measure the mechanical properties of normal skin and skin lesions. It is observed that in a congenital nevus and normal skin, the cellular epidermis is qualitatively not as bright as in skin lesions including basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratosis and a melanocytic nevus. Melanin and cytochrome c oxidase are reported to attenuate the reflection of near-infrared light at a wavelength of 810 nm and therefore may explain the reduced reflection of light in a congenital nevus and normal skin under conditions where cytochrome c oxidase levels would be expected to be high. Our results suggest that the melanin and cytochrome c oxidase levels found in congenital nevus and skin lesions may influence the observed pixel density observed in OCT images. For this reason, a correction for the content of these components in the skin must be considered before quantitative pixel measurements can be correctly interpreted. Additional measurements of pixel density along with the moduli of cellular and collagenous components in skin and skin lesions are needed to further interpret the significance of “virtual biopsies” made using VOCT.

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