scholarly journals Hantavirus Diseases: a Review of Epidemiological Situation and Epidemiological Risks in the Regions of the World

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
N. V. Popov ◽  
I. G. Karnaukhov ◽  
E. A. Chumachkova
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Clear Increase ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The purpose of this review is to characterize the current epidemiological and epizootiological situation in natural foci of hantavirus diseases in different regions of the world, and to analyze the literature data available. Currently, hantavirus diseases are a very urgent threat to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population around the world, which can cause serious complications of the epidemiological situation. About 200 thousand cases of the disease are registered every year around the world, while the intensity and dynamics of the incidence varies significantly in different regions of the world. While in China – the country with the largest annual number of cases worldwide – the overall dynamics of the incidence has a downward trend, which is apparently due to the widespread use of specific disease prevention tools; the number of cases in European countries, on the contrary, shows a clear increase. In the Russian Federation, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is currently the most common natural-focal disease of viral etiology. Data on the prevalence of hantavirus infection in the regions of South-East Asia and the African continent require further investigation, but it is quite obvious that hantavirus infection is a very underestimated public health issue in these regions, and its scale, due to the wide spread of carriers, may be much more considerable than is currently known.

scholarly journals Review of the Current Epidemiological Situation on the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the World and Forecast of the Incidence for the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Average Level ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Autonomous Regions ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in the Russian Federation over the period of 2009–2018. 5855 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were registered in Russia in 2018 (3.99 per one hundred thousand of the population). Downward trend is observed as compared to 2017 (by 29.6 %). Cases of cluster infection were not reported. It is established that the highest level of morbidity, exceeding the average level across Russia 3.9 times, was noted in the Volga Federal District, where 77.5% of the total cases occurred. The territory of the Russian Federation was differentiated by the HFRS incidence rates. The areas with high levels of morbidity included the entities of the Russian Federation with intensive index range between 9.08 and 41.39 per one hundred thousand of the population, among them Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Tatarstan, and Mordovia, Udmurt and Chuvashi Republics, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, and Jewish Autonomous Regions. The forecast for preservation of tense epidemiological situation on HFRS incidence in the territory of the Volga Federal District was substantiated.

Industrial economics in the context of globalization: scientific, practical foundations and development priorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
I. Krasovskaya ◽  
◽  
T. Malysheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Industrial Economics ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the publication topic is argued by the need for an in-depth study of the globalization process, which is global financial, political and cultural integration, unification, the global division of labour, the planetary migration of capital, human and productive resources, standardization of legislation, and interference of cultures of the world community. The theoretical and practical goals of the publication are to study causal algorithms for the formation of a negative scientific and production balance of the Russian Federation and an increase in disproportions between the import and export of high-tech products, as well as a comparative description of global development as a symbiosis of contradictory trends in the subordination of the world economy to the interests of transnational capital. The theoretical and methodological basis of the publication was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists studying the globalization of the industrial economy due to the intensification of international scientific and technological competition and the expansion of the innovation market, deepening of specialization and division of labour, and the increase in the risks of producing high-tech products at the national and world levels. Scientific novelty lies in the authors’ interpretation of such socio-economic advantages of globalization as economies of scale, stimulation of labour productivity, rationalization of production at the interstate level and the spread of innovative technologies, cost reduction, price regression, achieving sustainable growth in the well-being of society, on the basis of which the development is confirmed global industrial economy on a research basis characterized by such attributes interdependence, asymmetry, regionalization and diversification, regression efficiency, inclusiveness, resource and raw material demarcation, a high degree of uncertainty and of the economic risk. The practical significance of the results obtained is determined by an in-depth analysis of the American (based on differentiation of labor and specialization of personnel, demarcation of labor duties, concentration of scientific and production efforts on a purely economic result) and Eurasian (characterized by mobility and compactness of production processes, saving transaction costs, adaptability to market conditions and availability of labour-tolerant staff) strategies for innovative development of industrial economics. Based on a critical rethinking of the American and Eurasian strategies, proposals and recommendations are formulated on the formation of the scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation

scholarly journals LICENSED ANTHRAX VACCINES AND EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATIONS AT THE STAGE OF CLINICAL TRIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
N. I. Mikshis ◽  
P. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. P. Semakova ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

High pathogenicity of anthrax agent combined with unique insensitivity of its spore forms to environmental stresses class it among extremely dangerous biological agents. Registered and effectively used anthrax vaccines made invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation around the world. Nevertheless, neglect of non-specific prophylaxis may result in dramatic scenarios and require large-scale measures on rectification of the consequences. Efforts on the development of next-generation vaccines are aimed at safety build-up, decrease in frequency of administration, and enhancement of manufacturing technologies. The review contains the key information on licensed anthrax vaccines designed for medical use, both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Among multiple experimental developments emphasized have been preparations manufactured by various biopharmaceutical companies in compliance with GMP standards, at different phases of clinical trials in 2016.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Situation on Vector-Borne Natural-Focal Infections in the Territory of Caucasian Mineral Waters

2014 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
N. F. Vasilenko ◽  
A. V. Ermakov ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Constituent Element ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Stavropol Region ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Represented is the analysis of epidemiological situation on vector-borne natural-focal infections in the specially protected eco-resort territory of Russia - Caucasian Mineral Waters of the Stavropol Region. Climactic peculiarities of Caucasian Mineral Waters with their landscape diversity, high abundance rates of ticks and mosquitoes, and anthropogenic impact on ecosystems create favorable conditions for natural foci formation. Crucial epidemiological significance in the regional infectious pathology is attributed to tick-borne borreliosis. Registration of Crimean hemorrhagic fever cases, as well as West Nile (retrospectively) fever and tularemia cases, and identification of specific antibodies to etiological agents of these infections in blood sera of donors testify to volatile epidemiological situation on vector-borne natural-focal infections in the region, which means that there is a need for further ecological, epidemiological and epizootiological monitoring as a constituent element of epidemiological surveillance aimed at provision of sanitary-epidemiological welfare of the population.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2016, AND PROGNOSIS FOR 2017

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
A. S. Volynkina ◽  
E. S. Kotenev ◽  
Ya. V. Lisitskaya ◽  
O. V. Maletskaya ◽  
L. I. Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Evaluation of the effectiveness of mechanisms for eliminating flooding of urbanized areas with surface runoff

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
С.Н. Волков ◽  
А.И. Житенев ◽  
О.Н. Рублевская ◽  
Ю.А. Курганов ◽  
И.Г. Костенко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Urbanized Areas ◽  
Average Annual Number ◽  
Heavy Rains

Подтопления урбанизированных территорий, когда вода в периоды ливневых дождей поднимается на поверхность, затапливая улицы и подвалы, наблюдаются достаточно часто. Происходят они по разным причинам или их совокупности. Перечень мероприятий для сокращения количества таких подтоплений в мировой практике отработан. К ним можно отнести мероприятия, направленные на уменьшение коэффициента стока водосборных площадей, а также на увеличение свободных регулирующих объемов сетей и коллекторов и т. п. Однако оценка их эффективности в Российской Федерации затруднена в связи с тем, что нормативный метод гидравлического расчета предусматривает учет значений периодов однократного превышения расчетных интенсивностей дождей p, который указывает, с какой периодичностью переполняются сети. Но этот метод не отвечает на вопрос, с какой периодичностью pp происходят затопления территорий в результате выхода воды на поверхность. На примере Санкт-Петербурга приведен расчетный метод для определения среднегодового числа затоплений, а также результаты оценки эффективности мероприятий, направленных на их сокращение. Flooding of urbanized areas happens quite often, while, during periods of heavy rains, water rises to the surface flooding streets and basements. Flooding occurs for different reasons or due to their combination. The list of measures to reduce the flooding rate has been worked out in the world practice. These include measures aimed at reducing the runoff coefficient of drainage areas, as well as increasing the spare regulating capacities of the networks and sewers, etc. However, evaluating their effectiveness in the Russian Federation is complicated by the fact that the standard method of hydraulic calculation provides for taking into account the values ​​of the periods of one-time excess of the calculated rainfall rates p that indicates the overflow rate in the networks. However, this method does not determine the rate pp of area flooding that results from the water spills. Through the example of St. Petersburg, a calculation method is presented for determining the average annual number of floods, as well as the results of evaluating the effectiveness of measures aimed at reducing them.

scholarly journals Features of the Epidemiological Situation on Siberian Tick Typhus and other Tick-Borne Ricketsioses in the Russian Federation, Prognosis for 2019

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
S. N. Shpynov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
N. D. Pakskina ◽  
D. A. Savel’ev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Laboratory Diagnostics ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review presents an analysis of the epidemic situation on infections of rickettsial etiology, the causative agents of which are transmitted by Ixodidae ticks in the territory of the Russian Federation. The data obtained through molecular-biological verification allow to unite under the name of “tick-borne ricketsioses” a group of infections caused by R. sibirica subsp. sibirica, R. conorii, R. heilongjiangensis and other species of rickettsiae circulating in natural foci of various regions of Russia. Cases of tick-borne rickettsioses in Siberia and the Far East, caused by various species of rickettsiae, are registered under the name of “Siberian tick-borne typhus” due to the lack of available methods of differential laboratory diagnostics. The paper presents the assessment of the incidence of Siberian tick-borne typhus, indicating not only the varying degrees of epidemic hazard of endemic regions, but also changes in the distribution of risk areas, including the identification of new, epidemically significant foci. In accordance with the risk-oriented approach to prophylaxis, forecasting of epidemic situation on tick-borne rickettsioses was given and differentiation of the endemic territories of the Russian Federation as regards Siberian tick-borne typhus was carried out with distinguishing of epidemiological zones of low, medium, above average, high and very high risk of population infection.

scholarly journals Review of the Epidemiological Situation on Ixodic Tick-Borne Borreliosis in the Russian Federation in 2010–2020 and Prognosis for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
S. A. Rudakova ◽  
N. A. Pen’evskaya ◽  
A. I. Blokh ◽  
N. V. Rudakov ◽  
D. V. Trankvilevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Objective was to analyze the epidemiological situation on Ixodidae tick-borne borreliosis (ITBB) in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the dynamics over the period of 2010–2020, taking into account the features of the year 2020, associated with the spread of COVID-19, and to forecast the development of the epidemic process for 2021. In 2020, 4180 cases of ITBB were registered in the Russian Federation, which is 1.93 times less than in 2019 and 1.73 times less than the long-term average annual figure for the previous 10 years. A significant decrease was noted in all federal districts (FD), with the exception of the Central FD, where more than half of all cases occurred. Compared to 2019, 75 out of 78 subjects experienced a decrease in the incidence rate in 2020, while in 56 entities that decrease was statistically significant. The multiplicity of the decrease in the incidence of ITBB in 2020 for all FD was significantly greater than the multiplicity of the decrease in the frequency of contacts of the population with ticks. Infection of Ixodidae ticks of various species with borrelia in natural foci in 2020 was statistically significantly higher than in 2019. Probably, the decrease in the registered incidence of ITBB against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic is due not only to a decrease in the intensity of contacts of the population with natural foci, but also to a sharp redistribution of the volume of inpatient and outpatient medical care in favor of COVID-19 patients. Given the high degree of significance of the identified trends in the dynamics of the epidemic ITBB process during 2010–2020, there is reason to expect an increase in the incidence in the Bryansk, Voronezh, Ryazan, Tula and Saratov regions in 2021, which requires special attention in terms of strengthening preventive measures and monitoring of the activity and structure of natural foci. In the rest of the entities of the Russian Federation, provided that the volumes of preventive measures are maintained on the same level and in the absence of abnormal natural and climatic phenomena, preservation or a slight reduction in the incidence of ITBB is likely to occur in the short term. At the same time, despite the tense situation regarding the new coronavirus infection, there is an obvious need to draw close attention to the problems of diagnosis and prevention of natural focal infections.

scholarly journals Review of Hantavirus Infections in the World, Epidemiological Situation on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the Russian Federation in 2020 and a Forecast for 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
A. V. Ivanova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
E. Kabve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Far East ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Federal District ◽  
European Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The review used the data from operational monitoring carried out by the Reference Center for Monitoring over HFRS – “Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Rospotrebnadzor”, based on official data provided by the Rospotrebnadzor institutions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Statistical processing was conducted using conventional methods of variation statistics applying the Excel program. Over the past decades, hantavirus diseases have become very relevant and spread throughout the world. In the territory of the Russian Federation, natural foci of HFRS are located in the European part of the country, Western Siberia and Far East. The most epidemically active foci are situated in the European part of Russia. Over the past decade, the intensive incidence rate of HFRS in the Russian Federation stayed within the range of 3.0–9.5 per 100 thousand of the population, the long-term average annual indicator – 5.2 per 100 thousand of the population. In 2020, 3845 cases of HFRS were registered (2.62 per 100,000 of the population). There was a decrease in the incidence of HFRS by 3.6 times, compared with the indicators of 2019. A factor that may have influenced the decrease in the incidence of HFRS was the depression of the epizootic process among small mammals, the main carriers of HFRS pathogens, due to natural and climatic factors. The nature of the distribution of HFRS incidence across the territory of the Russian Federation in 2020 was heterogeneous. Statistical processing of the data made it possible to identify 5 groups of territories that differ in the level of HFRS incidence. Almost all constituent entities of the Volga Federal District and the Kostroma Region belonging to the Central Federal District were classified as groups of territories with high and very high incidence rates. In 2021, the deterioration of the epidemiological situation is predicted in the summer-autumn period of the year in the Volga Federal District and four entities of the Central Federal District. 

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