scholarly journals Identification of the Pathogen Causing Stem Blight Disease on Chili in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas, Cianjur, West Java Based on Morphological and Molecular Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Wartono Wartono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

<p>Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable commodity with high economic value which is widely cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. One of the obstacles faced in chili cultivation is stem rot disease. This study aimed to identify the pathogens that caused stem rot in chili plants obtained from one location in Sindangjaya Village, Cipanas District, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province based on morphological and molecular analyses. Pathogen identification was performed with morphological and molecular approaches. The morphological characters observed included colony shape, sporangium diameter, and mating type. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assayed by inoculating chili stems aged 40 days. Molecular identification was carried out using two pairs of primers for ITS regions and TEF-1 gene. Based on the results of morphological and molecular identification, as well as pathogenicity tests, it was confirmed that Phytophthora capsici pathogen was the causal agent of stem rot in chili plants collected from Sindangjaya Village. Further study is needed to determine the spread of the disease, damage, and yield loss caused by stem rot disease, as well as how to prevent and control the disease.</p>

scholarly journals Phylogenomics and barcoding ofPanax: toward the identification of ginseng species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Manzanilla ◽  
A. Kool ◽  
Nhat L. Nguyen ◽  
H. Nong Van ◽  
H. Le Thi Thu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Discrimination ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Plastid Genomes ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractBackgroundThe economic value of ginseng in the global medicinal plant trade is estimated to be in excess of US$2.1 billion. At the same time, the evolutionary placement of ginseng (Panax ginseng) and the complex evolutionary history of the genus is poorly understood despite several molecular phylogenetic studies. In this study, we use a full plastome phylogenomic framework to resolve relationships inPanaxand to identify molecular markers for species discrimination.ResultsWe used high-throughput sequencing of MBD2-Fc fractionatedPanaxDNA to supplement publicly available plastid genomes to create a phylogeny based on fully assembled and annotated plastid genomes from 60 accessions of 8 species. The plastome phylogeny based on a 163 kbp matrix resolves the sister relationship ofPanax ginsengwithP. quinquefolius. The closely related speciesP. vietnamensisis supported as sister ofP. japonicus. The plastome matrix also shows that the markerstrnC-rps16, trnS-trnG, andtrnE-trnMcould be used for unambiguous molecular identification of all the represented species in the genus.ConclusionsMBD2 depletion reduces the cost of plastome sequencing, which makes it a cost-effective alternative to Sanger sequencing based DNA barcoding for molecular identification. The plastome phylogeny provides a robust framework that can be used to study the evolution of morphological characters and biosynthesis pathways of ginsengosides for phylogenetic bioprospecting. Molecular identification of ginseng species is essential for authenticating ginseng in international trade and it provides an incentive for manufacturers to create authentic products with verified ingredients.

scholarly journals Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Evan Purnama Ramdan ◽  
Efi Toding Tondok ◽  
Suryo Wiyono ◽  
Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat ◽  
Widodo Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Important Disease ◽  
Penicillium Strain

Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi  in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici  was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi  inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others.  Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and  sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5%

scholarly journals Xylaria sp.; The Candle Snuff Fungus from West Java

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Rudy Hermawan ◽  
Yuyun Nisaul Khairillah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Analyses

Candle snuff fungus belongs to Xylaria group. Generally, Xylaria has a form like stick or candle or elongated fruit of shapes. Xylaria is classified into Ascomycota within Xylariaceae. This study found one species of candle-shaped mushroom in IPB Unversity. This study aimed to identified and characterized the specimen using molecular and morphological data. The specimen was collected and preservedinto FAA solution and deposited into Herbarium Bogoriense as BO 24426. Molecular analyses using Large Subunit as a region for amplification showed that the BO 24426 was classified into Xylaria sp. This species closes to Xylaria consociata. The stromata were erected, unbranched, and tapered to the apex. The texture was rigid and hard. Ascus bore 8 ascospores. The ascospores were fusiform or bean-shaped and smooth. The morphological observations supported molecular identification of BO 24426 as Xylaria sp. Other genes were needed to ensure the exact species of Xylaria

scholarly journals Study of Lentinus squarrosulus from West Java on The Basis of Molecular and Morphological Data

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Rudy Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Microscopic Observation ◽  
Its Region ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
West Java ◽  
Molecular Analyses

Lentinus is a unique genus within Polyporales, because of the lamellate basidiocarp. In Indonesia, Lentinus is commonly for a study about their potential, rarely for their taxonomy. BO 24427 specimen was found in West Java, Indonesia, sited in Landscape Arboretum of IPB University. The specimen was identified using molecular study and supported by some morphological data of fresh fruiting body. molecular identification used ITS region. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA Version X software. The morphology was based on macroscopic and microscopic observation. The result of molecular analyses showed that BO 24427 specimen was identified as Lentinus squarrosulus with 99% bootstrap value and classified into section Rigidi. The morphological data of fresh fruiting body supported the molecular identification. The important morphological data that classified into Lentinus squarrosulus were scabrous cap and size of basidiospores. This study was the first record for publish the finding of Lentinus squarrosulus in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Intensitas Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Pada Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L) Di Desa Batuah Kecamatan Loa Janan Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ni'matuljannah Akhsan ◽  
Albert Patangke
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Village ◽  
Pepper Plants

The Malonan-1 variety is a pepper plant originating from East Kalimantan which has become a national superior pepper. This pepper contains around 2,35% essential oil, oleoserin 11,23% and piperine 3,82% and tolerance to stem rot disease. Preliminary survey results in the village of Batuah, Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan, it was found that the stem rot disease in Malonan-1 pepper, therefore it is necessary to conduct research to find out how much the intensity of the stem rot disease at this time and identify fungi that cause stem rot rot disease in pepper plants. This research was conducted for 5 months starting from January to May 2019. The research location was in Batuah Village, Loa Janan Subdistrict, Kutai Kartanegara District and in the Plant Disease Pest Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University. Research includes activities in the field and in the laboratory. The activity in the field is a direct survey of eight pepper farmer groups and calculating the intensity of the disease. Also carried out samples of symptomatic stem rot disease to be brought to the laboratory. Activities in the laboratory are the preparation of tools and materials to isolate samples of pepper plants. The isolated fungal colonies were purified and then idenfied and continued with Koch's postulate. The average intensity of stem rot disease at the current Lada plant in Batuah village is 14,58% (mild), the highest intensity in the Young Lada farmer group is 26,52% and the lowest intensity in the Beringin Jaya Farmer group is 4.3%. Based on the results of isolation, the root disease of the pepper plant (Piper nigrum L) in Batuah Village, Loa Janan District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is Phytophthora capsici L. 

scholarly journals Isolation and molecular identification of fungi that cause stem rot disease in Bali's local legumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Made Susun Parwanayoni ◽  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta ◽  
Nyoman Darsini ◽  
Sang Ketut Sudirga
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Athelia Rolfsii ◽  
Legume Plants ◽  
Rot Disease

Efforts to improve food security in Indonesia, especially in Bali, need to be supported by improvements in cultivation techniques, including the management of pests and diseases. Legume crops are often attacked by stem rot diseases which can cause decreased production and economic losses. This disease is generally caused by the soil-borne pathogenic fungus Sclerotium rolfsii or Athelia rolfsii. The macroscopic and microscopic morphologies of the two species of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii and Athelia rolfsii are the same and difficult to distinguish, so molecular identification is needed to determine the species. The research aims to isolate and molecularly identify fungi that cause stem rot disease in local legume plants in Bali. Research methods include isolation of pathogenic fungi from legumes showing symptoms of stem rot disease in Bali, pathogenicity test, identification of the highest levels of virulent isolates, DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR, and electrophoresis, ITS region sequencing, and computer analysis sequences DNA. The results of isolation pathogens that cause stem rot disease in Bali's local legume plants obtained six fungal isolates coded SKT, SKB1, SKB2 SKB3, SKL and SKN isolates. SKT isolates had the highest virulence rate after the pathogenicity test of peanut plants. Molecular identification results show that SKT  isolate is Athelia rolfsii, because it's in a clade with Athelia rolfsii fungi sequences in GenBank with 100% Bootstrap support.

scholarly journals Molecular identification and morphological description of Theloderma albopunctatum tadpoles from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex, northeastern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jidapa Chunskul ◽  
Prapaiporn Thongproh ◽  
Wanchai Simmasian ◽  
Jirachai Arkajag ◽  
Sataphon Thongpun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
National Park ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Abstract. Chunskul J, Thongproh P, Simmasian W, Arkajag J, Tongpun S, Kanishthajata P, Prompalad S, Duangjai S, Duengkae P, Phochayavanich R, Chuaynkern C, Chuaynkern Y. 2021. Molecular identification and morphological description of Theloderma albopunctatum tadpoles from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex, northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 5145-5161. Presently, tadpole description of an external morphology and internal oral features of Theloderma albopunctatum (Anura, Rhacophoridae) is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe tadpoles of T. albopunctatum from the Phu Khiao-Nam Nao Forest Complex in northeastern Thailand based molecular and morphological characters. Tadpole identification was based on molecular analyses. The 16S and COI sequences of the T. albopunctutatum tadpole had a genetic distance of 0% and 0.15% with the adults from Phu Luang Wildlife Sanctuary and Nam Nao National Park, respectively. Bayesian inference analyses of 16S, 16S+COI, and BDNF + SIA + RHO + TYR strongly supported the identity of tadpole and adults T. albopunctatum tadpoles are of medium size, with a black to ashy gray body that turns dark brown in preservative, they also exhibit elliptical body depressions and follow the keratodont row formula 1:2+2/1+1:2 or 1:1+1/1+1:1. T. albopunctatum tadpoles are generally similar to T. asperum.

MicroRNA319a regulates plant resistance to Sclerotinia stem rot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Dong ◽  
Wenqing Ren ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
He Yuke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract MicroRNA319a (miR319a) controls cell division arrest in plant leaves by inhibiting the expression of TCP (TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF) family genes. However, it is unclear whether miR319a influences infections by necrotrophic pathogens and host susceptibility. In this study, we revealed that miR319a affected plant resistance to stem rot disease of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In the plants of Brassica rapa infected with S. sclerotiorum, miR319a levels increased while expression levels of several BraTCP genes significantly decreased compared with those of the uninfected plants. The overexpression of BraMIR319a in B. rapa increased the susceptibility of the plants to S. sclerotiorum and aggravated stem rot disease, whereas the overexpression of BraTCP4-1 promoted the plant resistance. Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a potential relationship between miR319a and pathogen-related WRKY genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and reporter transaction assay showed that BraTCP4-1 was bound to the promoters of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 genes and directly activated these pathogen-related genes. Moreover, the expression levels of WRKY75, WRKY70, and WRKY33 in the plants overexpressing BraMIR319a declined significantly whereas those of the plants overexpressing BraTCP4-1 increased significantly. These results suggest that miR319a and its targeted gene BraTCP4 regulate stem rot resistance through pathways of WRKY genes.

Stem rot disease evaluation of mass-selected peanut populations

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.D. Branch ◽  
T.B. Brenneman
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rot ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Puparia Cleaning Techniques for Forensic and Archaeo-Funerary Studies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pradelli ◽  
Fabiola Tuccia ◽  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Stefano Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wrong Identification ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diptera puparia may represent both in forensic and archaeo-funerary contexts the majority of the entomological evidence useful to reconstruct the peri and post-mortem events. Puparia identification is quite difficult due to the lack of identification keys and descriptions. In addition, external substances accumulated during the puparia permanence in the environment make the visualization of the few diagnostic characters difficult, resulting in a wrong identification. Six different techniques based on physical and chemical treatments have been tested for the removal of external substances from puparia to make identification at species level feasible. Furthermore, the effects of these methods on successful molecular analyses have also been tested as molecular identification is becoming an important tool to complement morphological identifications. The results of this study indicate that cleaning via warm water/soap, the sonication and treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution are the best methods to achieve a good quality of the samples.

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