scholarly journals RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MINERAL DEPOSITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-415
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw RYBAK ◽  
◽  
Marat KHAIRUTDINOV ◽  
Yulia TYULYAEVA ◽  
Cheynesh KONGAR-SYURYUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the work is caused by the need to survive the mining industry during the protracted post-reform crisis and to minimize its negative impact on the ecology of the region through the development of technogenic mineral resources. Purpose of work. Substantiation of the possibility of replacing the traditional components of the filling composite with own or attracted man-made wastes after their processing to a level that meets the conditions of environmental safety and economic feasibility. Research methods: systematization, analysis and generalization of theoretical and experimental research in this area, as well as patent data. Results. A generalization is made, the result of an analysis of the mechanism and rates of accumulation of waste from mining and processing of mineral raw materials is given, and a multifactorial mathematical model of degradation of environmental ecosystems as a result of the impact of waste is formulated. A historical background is given and an assessment of the development of mineral deposits with backfilling with hardening mixtures based on utilized man-made waste in a closed cycle is given. A promising method of activating the binding components of the hardening mixture is recommended, treatment in a high-speed mill - disintegrator. The results of experimental studies of the possibility of using metallurgical slags of the Chusovoy metallurgical plant as a binder and as an inert filler of ore dressing wastes of PJSC Uralkali are given. It is shown that if the content of unrecovered metals in industrial waste is more than the background level, they can be disposed of after the extraction of metals within the framework of a single technological cycle of waste-free production. It is concluded that when preparing a filling composite, it is possible to replace traditional commercial components with man-made waste from mining and processing and metallurgical industries after extracting useful components from them and neutralizing hazardous impurities. The prospect of the transition of mining production to an innovative principle of organization, which excludes the storage of waste, is noted, for which it is advisable to combine physical-technical and physical-chemical technologies at the design stage in the technological process of resource development. Conclusions. The involvement of man-made waste in a closed production cycle increases the environmental and economic efficiency of enterprises. Conversion of production to minimize waste volumes and their use in their own or in related production is an effective step towards sustainable development of the mining region.

Shopping online? The role of imagination and gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manveer K. Mann ◽  
Yuping Liu-Thompkins
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Female Consumers ◽  
Product Use ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This study aims to examine gender differences in the impact of imagining product use on purchase decisions. The authors argue that while imagination can enhance purchase intention for female consumers, it can be detrimental to male consumers. This study explores the conditions under which imagination can be turned into a positive device for male consumers. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies were conducted. The first two studies illustrate the differential effects of imagination on males vs females. Given the negative effect found among males, the third study focused exclusively on male consumers to identify conditions under which the negative impact of imagination on these consumers can be alleviated. Findings Studies 1 and 2 show that while an imagination tactic has positive or no effect on female consumers, a generic imagination request lowers male consumers’ purchase intention. Focusing on potential ways of alleviating this negative effect, Study 3 shows that for males without prior brand ownership experience, imagining product use in a less-typical context can increase purchase intention. Research limitations/implications The results provide evidence that gender impacts the effectiveness of imagination in improving product evaluation. Furthermore, the context of imagination and previous brand experience can be used together to determine how male consumers respond to imagination. Practical implications The study’s findings warn against the blind use of imagination tactics. Instead, retailers need to customize imagination tactics based on gender, previous brand experience and product usage context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first papers to examine the impact of gender on the influence of imagination on product evaluation.

scholarly journals Improving Cardiovascular Health through Nudging Healthier Food Choices: A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Tørris ◽  
Hilde Mobekk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Impact

Obesity and metabolic syndrome are considered major public health problems, and their negative impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) is profound. Targeting modifiable risk factors such as dietary habits is therefore of great importance. Many of today’s health challenges with overweight and obesity may have behavioral roots, and traditional methods such as regulations and campaigns are often insufficient to improve dietary choices. Nudging or choice architecture might be a viable tool to influence people’s everyday choices and behaviors to better outcomes. This paper reviews the current state of the rapidly expanding number of experimental field studies that investigate the effects/associations of nudging on healthy food choices. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, where 142 citations were identified. Based on selection criteria, six randomized controlled trials and 15 non-randomized controlled trials were ultimately included. The results of this systematic review show that many of the studies included traffic-light labeling, which may be a promising strategy. The reviewed findings, however, also highlight the challenges that confront experimental studies examining the impact of nudging on diet.

Investigation of Material Deformation by the High-Speed Water Slugs

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Petrenko ◽  
E. S. Geskin ◽  
G. A. Atanov ◽  
B. Goldenberg ◽  
A. Semko
Keyword(s):  
Shock Waves ◽  
Nozzle Exit ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Material Deformation ◽  
The Impact

Water constitutes an attractive manufacturing tool It is readily available and clean. The waterjets are conventionally used for surface cleaning, material removal, and surface modification. The intrinsic shortcomings of such an application are the need in the use of expensive and heavy pumping facilities and, what are more important, peculiarities of the waterjet-substrate interaction which limit material deformation by the incoming jet. These shortcomings are eliminated if the workpiece is impacted by the array of the water slugs, generated by the direct injection of high-intensity energy pulses into the water vessel (barrel) and ejection the portion of the water via the nozzle attached into the barrel. Such a device (barrel-nozzle combination) will constitute an effective and versatile manufacturing tool. Understanding of the phenomena that occur in the course of the energy injection into the water is necessary for the design of the desired device. The phenomena in question are determined by the ratio between the speed of the water in the barrel in the course of the energy injection and the speed of the shock waves in the water. If this ratio is much less than unity, the exit velocity is determined by the ratio between the cross section areas of the nozzle exit and the barrel. If the ratio in question approaches the unity, the water velocity at the nozzle exit is determined by the impact pressure. The device utilizing this principle is termed the water extruder. If however, the ratio is much more than unity the exit water velocity is determined by the superposition of shock waves developed in the fluid. This device termed the water cannon is able to accelerate the water slug to the speed far exceeding 1,000 m/sec. The numerical and experimental studies of water extruder were carried out. The numerical models were constructed and the variation of the water velocity and the water pressure in the barrel were investigated. Experimental setup for the study of the water extruder was constructed by the modification of Remington power tool. The experiments involved the piercing of metal strips. The effect of operational conditions on the maximal depth of the piecing was determined. Another series of experiments involved the study of the slug impact on plastic (lead) and brittle (concrete) materials. The effect of the stand off distance on the removal of both kinds of material was investigated. As the result the suggestions about the way of construction of the water extruders and their practical applications were made.

scholarly journals Incremental Automatic Correction for Digital VLSI Circuits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamya Gaber ◽  
Aziza I. Hussein ◽  
Mohammed Moness
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vlsi Circuits ◽  
Digital Vlsi ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compact Test

The impact of the recent exponential increase in complexity of digital VLSI circuits has heavily affected verification methodologies. Many advances toward verification and debugging techniques of digital VLSI circuits have relied on Computer Aided Design (CAD). Existing techniques are highly dependent on specialized test patterns with specific numbers increased by the rising complexity of VLSI circuits. A second problem arises in the form of large sizes of injecting circuits for correction and large number of SAT solver calls with a negative impact on the resultant running time. Three goals arise: first, diminishing dependence on a given test pattern by incrementally generating compact test patterns corresponding to design errors during the rectification process. Second, to reduce the size of in-circuit mutation circuit for error-fixing process. Finally, distribution of test patterns can be performed in parallel with a positive impact on digital VLSI circuits with large numbers of inputs and outputs. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed incremental correction algorithm can fix design bugs of type gate replacements in several digital VLSI circuits from ISCAS'85 with high speed and full accuracy. The speed of proposed Auto-correction mechanism outperforms the latest existing methods around 4.8x using ISCAS'85 benchmarks. The parallel distribution of test patterns on digital VLSI circuits during generating new compact test patterns achieves speed around 1.2x compared to latest methods.

scholarly journals Shading, Dusting and Incorrect Positioning of Photovoltaic Modules as Important Factors in Performance Reduction

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Klugmann-Radziemska
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Uneven Terrain ◽  
Performance Reduction ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
The Impact

The amount of solar radiation reaching the front cover of a photovoltaic module is crucial for its performance. A number of factors must be taken into account at the design stage of the solar installation, which will ensure maximum utilization of the potential arising from the location. During the operation of a photovoltaic installation, it is necessary to limit the shading of the modules caused by both dust and shadowing by trees or other objects. The article presents an analysis of the impact of the radiation reaching the surface of the radiation module on the efficiency obtained. Each of the analyzed aspects is important for obtaining the greatest amount of energy in specific geographical conditions. Modules contaminated by settling dust will be less efficient than those without deposits. The results of experimental studies of this effect are presented, depending on the amount of impurities, including their origins and morphologies. In practice, it is impossible to completely eliminate shadowing caused by trees, uneven terrain, other buildings, chimneys, or satellite dishes, and so on, which limits the energy of solar radiation reaching the modules. An analysis of partial shading for the generated power was also carried out. An important way for maximizing the incoming radiation is the correct positioning of the modules relative to the sun. It is considered optimal to position the modules relative to the light source, that is, the sun, so that the rays fall perpendicular to the surfaces of the modules. Any deviation in the direction of the rays results in a loss in the form of a decrease in the available power of the module. The most beneficial option would be to use sun-tracking systems, but they represent an additional investment cost, and their installations require additional space and maintenance. Therefore, the principle was adopted that stationary systems should be oriented to the south, using the optimal angle of inclination of the module surface appropriate for the location. This article presents the dependence of the decrease in obtained power on the angle of deviation from the optimal one.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF SOLAR IRRIGATION PUMPING SYSTEM: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Lamine DIOP
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Pumping System ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Feasible Alternative ◽  
Environmental Feasibility ◽  
The Impact

Climate change has become a major constraint to the development of rain-fed agriculture due to the decline of rainfall. Therefore, irrigated agriculture is an alternative allowing farmers to have more access to water in order to meet crop water requirements. However, irrigated agriculture faces a major constraint related to the accessibility of energy sources used in pumping water. In general, the most common energy sources used in pumping water for irrigation are fuel and electricity. Nevertheless, they are very expensive, are not always accessible particularly in rural areas in Africa and have a negative impact on the environment; hence the need to find alternatives to solve this problem. This review focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps and the impact of their use on the environment. Several aspects related to solar pumping have been discussed, namely the components of the solar pumping system, the energy source used, the principle of operation of the system, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility. Reviews show that the use of solar irrigation pumps is a technically and economically feasible alternative in several areas with less environmental impact.

scholarly journals Modeling of the interaction of the layered barrier with a high-speed fragment

2019 ◽  
Vol 221 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Alexandr Ishchenko ◽  
Nikolay Belov ◽  
Viktor Burkin ◽  
Anton Sammel ◽  
Nikolay Yugov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Elasticity Limit ◽  
Transparent Armor ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Numerical Research ◽  
Shock Wave Pressure ◽  
The Impact

For the manufacture of transparent armor of high class protection, as a rule, reinforced silicate glasses, as well as transparent ceramics, are used. Since these materials are resiliently brittle, they can be used only in transparent multilayered barriers with protective back films for protection against high-speed fragmentation elements and bullets. Plexiglass or polycarbonate is most often used as the back layer. The barrier’s face layer must have a hardness substantially higher than the hardness of the drummer’s material, and the Hugonievskii elasticity limit must exceed the shock-wave pressure arising at the initial stage in the barrier. The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model that allows, within the framework of a porous elastic-plastic medium with regard to various fracture mechanisms, to calculate the impact interaction of fragmentation elements with transparent armor. Numerical research was conducted with the help of copyright software systems. Experimental studies of the collision of transparent armor with a splinter simulator in the speed range of 1500 ... 2500 m / s were carried out with the use of throwing installations of the NRI AMM TSU.

scholarly journals Particle–wall collisions in a viscous fluid

2001 ◽  
Vol 433 ◽  
pp. 329-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. JOSEPH ◽  
R. ZENIT ◽  
M. L. HUNT ◽  
A. M. ROSENWINKEL
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Particle Surface ◽  
Density Ratio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stokes Number ◽  
Coefficient Of Restitution ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents experimental measurements of the approach and rebound of a particle colliding with a wall in a viscous fluid. The particle's trajectory was controlled by setting the initial inclination angle of a pendulum immersed in a fluid. The resulting collisions were monitored using a high-speed video camera. The diameters of the particles ranged from 3 to 12 mm, and the ratio of the particle density to fluid density varied from 1.2 to 7.8. The experiments were performed using a thick glass or Lucite wall with different mixtures of glycerol and water. With these parameters, the Reynolds number defined using the velocity just prior to impact ranged from 10 to approximately 3000. A coefficient of restitution was defined from the ratio of the velocity just prior to and after impact.The experiments clearly demonstrate that the rebound velocity depends on the impact Stokes number (defined from the Reynolds number and the density ratio) and weakly on the elastic properties of the material. Below a Stokes number of approximately 10, no rebound of the particle occurred. For impact Stokes number above 500 the coefficient of restitution appears to asymptote to the values for dry collisions. The coefficients of restitution were also compared with previous experimental studies. In addition, the approach of the particle to the wall indicated that the particle slowed prior to impacting the surface. The distance at which the particle's trajectory varied due to the presence of the wall was dependent on the impact Stokes number. The particle surface roughness was found to affect the repeatability of some measurements, especially for low impact velocities.

scholarly journals Development of the smelting technology of complex aluminum-chrome-silicon-containing ASC alloy from substandard raw materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
A. S. Orlov ◽  
A. Z. Isagulov ◽  
O. R. Sariev ◽  
M. Zh. Tolymbekov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Complex Alloy ◽  
The Rich

Scientists of the Chemical-Metallurgical Institute named after Zh.  Abishev develop new types of highly effective alloys based on resource-saving technologies that allow the complex processing of natural and technogenic raw materials, such as carbonaceous waste, chrome ore fines, etc. Therefore, it has led to the creation of a onestage, slag-free and non-waste technology with the maximum use of all useful charge components. With disappearance of rich ore reserves, as well as the expansion of demand for raw materials and the development of technology, the rich ores are replaced by poorer and substandard ones that require new methods of processing. The maximum use of raw materials and industrial waste, if this is economically justified, is one of the basic requirements for the technology. This task is closely intertwined, and in many cases coincides with another task – the development of integrated methods of raw materials processing, which, in the general production cycle, allows using, if possible, all useful elements of raw materials. The main objective of the study is to find ways to improve the use of sub-standard chrome ore. As a reducing agent in the electrothermal smelting of the ACS alloy, instead of expensive coke, without which no process of carbothermic smelting is required, a cheap high-ash Borly coal was used. The coal ash, which mainly consists of silica and alumina, is an additional source of silicon and aluminum in the alloy. This technology will be simple and allows regarding substandard chromium ore as a complex metallurgical raw material, since not only chrome is used, but also the components of the waste rock – silicon and aluminum. As a result of the complete reduction of all charge oxides, this technology will make it possible to obtain a complex alloy of ACS with an approximate chemical composition: 39  –  43  % of chromium, 23  –  27  % of silicon, 7  –  10  % of aluminum. The transition of the main components of the charge to the alloy will be: 82  –  85  % of chromium, 68  –  70  % of silicon, 59  –  60  % of aluminum. In this paper, the results of experimental studies on the production of a complex alloy of ACS (aluminum-chromium-silicon) from high-ash coals of the Borly deposit and chrome ore minerals of the Donskoi GOK are presented. The course of furnace operation is described with a lack, excess, and also the calculated amount of the reducing agent. The ways of eliminating the upset in furnace operation are shown.

scholarly journals The Effect of Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway on the Economic Development of Prefecture-Level Cities Along the Line Based on DID Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Yuzhou Ma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Perspective ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

High-speed railway has an essential impact on the economic and social development of the regions along the line. Based on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, this paper constructs the DID model and analyzes the impact of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway on the economic development of prefecture-level cities along the route from the empirical perspective. The empirical analysis results show that the BeijingShanghai high-speed railway has a significant negative impact on the per capita GDP of prefecture-level cities along the line in the short term, mainly because the agglomeration effect is greater than the diffusion effect. Therefore, small cities should actively think about how to deal with the agglomeration effect caused by the construction of high-speed rail.

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