scholarly journals Habitat formed by the invasive macroalga Caulerpa filiformis (Suhr) Hering (Caulerpales, Chlorophyta) alters benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in Peru

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Aguilar ◽  
Pippa J. Moore ◽  
Roberto A. Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Soft Sediment ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Assemblages ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The green macroalga Caulerpa filiformis has been spreading on shallow soft sediment habitats along the Peruvian coast, colonizing previously unvegetated sediments to create monospecific meadows. We examined the nature of the impact of C. filiformis meadows on the density, taxonomic richness and assemblage structure of epifaunal and infaunal benthic macroinvertebrates. Specifically, we tested whether the spread of C. filiformis has resulted in different macroinvertebrate assemblages than those formed by the dominant native macroalgae (i.e., Rhodymenia spp.) and unvegetated sediments. Surveys were undertaken in two bays in each of two locations, in central and southern Peru, during winter 2017 and summer 2018. In general, our results show that macroinvertebrate assemblages were similar across all three habitats, although there were some differences, related to location and season, but with no clear patterns observed. Taxonomic richness and density was generally higher in the vegetated habitats than the unvegetated habitat, and where there were differences between the two vegetated habitats there was no consistent pattern of which habitat supported the highest richness or density. Given invading C. filiformis is primarily colonizing unvegetated habitats it would appear that this species is creating a new niche which supports similar assemblages, but higher taxonomic richness and density than unvegetated habitats. While our study suggests that C. filiformis is having a limited ecological impact we recommend that actions be put in place to limit the spread of this invasive species at the same time as increasing monitoring of the ecological impacts of this species as lags in the ecological impacts of invasive species are common.

High predatory efficiency and abundance drive expected ecological impacts of a marine invasive fish

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 195-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM DeRoy ◽  
R Scott ◽  
NE Hussey ◽  
HJ MacIsaac
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Marine Predator ◽  
Eastern Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Red Grouper ◽  
Per Capita

The ecological impacts of invasive species are highly variable and mediated by many factors, including both habitat and population abundance. Lionfish Pterois volitans are an invasive marine species which have high reported detrimental effects on prey populations, but whose effects relative to native predators are currently unknown for the recently colonized eastern Gulf of Mexico. We used functional response (FR) methodology to assess the ecological impact of lionfish relative to 2 functionally similar native species (red grouper Epinephelus morio and graysby grouper Cephalopholis cruentata) foraging in a heterogeneous environment. We then combined the per capita impact of each species with their field abundance to obtain a Relative Impact Potential (RIP). RIP assesses the broader ecological impact of invasive relative to native predators, the magnitude of which predicts community-level negative effects of invasive species. Lionfish FR and overall consumption rate was intermediate to that of red grouper (higher) and graysby grouper (lower). However, lionfish had the highest capture efficiency of all species, which was invariant of habitat. Much higher field abundance of lionfish resulted in high RIPs relative to both grouper species, demonstrating that the ecological impact of lionfish in this region will be driven mainly by high abundance and high predator efficiency rather than per capita effect. Our comparative study is the first empirical assessment of lionfish per capita impact and RIP in this region and is one of few such studies to quantify the FR of a marine predator.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of Research Investigating the Combined Ecological Impact of Anthropogenic Noise and Artificial Light at Night

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Halfwerk ◽  
Paul Jerem
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Noise ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
The Impact

Levels of anthropogenic noise and artificial light at night (ALAN) are rapidly rising on a global scale. Both sensory pollutants are well known to affect animal behavior and physiology, which can lead to substantial ecological impacts. Most studies on noise or light pollution to date have focused on single stressor impacts, studying both pollutants in isolation despite their high spatial and temporal co-occurrence. However, few studies have addressed their combined impact, known as multisensory pollution, with the specific aim to assess whether the interaction between noise and light pollution leads to predictable, additive effects, or less predictable, synergistic or antagonistic effects. We carried out a systematic review of research investigating multisensory pollution and found 28 studies that simultaneously assessed the impact of anthropogenic noise and ALAN on animal function (e.g., behavior, morphology or life-history), physiology (e.g., stress, oxidative, or immune status), or population demography (e.g., abundance or species richness). Only fifteen of these studies specifically tested for possible interactive effects when both sensory pollutants were combined. Four out of eight experimental studies revealed a significant interaction effect, in contrast to only three out seven observational studies. We discuss the benefits and limitations of experimental vs. observational studies addressing multisensory pollution and call for more specific testing of the diverse ways in which noise and light pollution can interact to affect wildlife.

Introduced flow variability and its propagation downstream of hydropower stations in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elenius ◽  
Göran Lindström
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Swedish Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hydropower Stations

<p>Hydropower provides a low-carbon solution to a large portion of Sweden’s energy demand, which is increasingly important in order to combat climate change. However, associated flow regulations introduce variability of the flow on the daily, weekly and seasonal time scales, driven by the varying energy demand. Additional variability is introduced when compensating for the shifting wind energy production. The Water framework directive requires all EU member states to evaluate the ecological impact from anthropogenic activities, such as hydropower. Ecological impacts must also be assessed when all hydropower permissions in Sweden are renewed over the coming 20 years. Because different species are sensitive to different longevity of high- and low-flow periods, it is important to understand the introduced variability of flow in terms of its dominant periods, and how quickly these perturbations are attenuated downstream of regulations.</p><p>In this work, time-series of flow from hydrological simulations with HYPE are analyzed with the Fourier transform to examine the amplitudes of perturbations of different periods, and their decay downstream of hydropower stations. HYPE is a catchment-based model that simulates rainfall-runoff as well as water quality processes. The Swedish model application has been developed over the past decade and covers all of Sweden. Seasonal regulations are modeled with calibrated input parameters, whereas short-term regulations are introduced with station updates from observations that are available at or close to the majority of hydropower regulations. Very high accuracy has been proven between the updated sub-catchments. This, together with a verified model for natural flow, gives us a unique opportunity to study the impact of hydropower on dominant periods and their decay over the entire country, as well as the mechanisms that govern this decay.</p><p>In many sub-catchments, especially in large regulated rivers in northern Sweden, Fourier analysis of daily time series results in dominance of the 7-day period. The exponential decay rate of this and other modes is presented for all Sweden and analyzed in terms of land use and other parameters. Short periods decay faster than long ones. Periods of one month or longer are amplified in the downstream direction in most of Sweden.</p><p>Apart from aid in ecological assessments, our analysis can be used to introduce short-term regulations in hydrological simulators, for either deterministic forecasts (the 7-day mode typically has a minimum value on Sundays) or for stochastic seasonal forecasts where it will impact indicators such as the number of days below or above a threshold.</p>

scholarly journals The Invasive New Zealand Mudsnail, Potamopyrgus Antipodarum, Reduces Growth of the Native Snail, Fossaria SP.

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Amy Krist ◽  
Mark Dybdahl
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Invasions ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Potamopyrgus Antipodarum ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Or Gene ◽  
New Zealand Mud Snail ◽  
The Impact

Invasive species are one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hence, understanding the role of invasive species is of grave importance to managing and minimizing the impact of biological invasions. To date, the ecological impacts of biological invasions have received significant attention, but little effort has been made to address the evolutionary impact (Sakai et al. 2001, Cox 2004). This is despite the fact that evolutionary impacts are likely to be widespread; invasive species have been shown to alter patterns of natural selection or gene flow within native populations (Parker et al. 1999), and many of the best examples of rapid evolution involve invasive species interacting with native species (Reznick and Ghalambor 2001, Strauss et al. 2006). We have begun to address some of the evolutionary consequences of the invasion of the New Zealand mud snail, (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) on a species of native snail in the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA).

scholarly journals Seasonal variability in the diet of juvenile European catfish, Silurus glanis, in the Arno River (Italy) in Florence

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
Phillip J. Haubrock
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Feeding Preferences ◽  
Silurus Glanis ◽  
European Catfish ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Predictions

Abstract While approaches for assessing the impact of invasive species are advancing, fundamental autoecological information such as feeding preferences is often unavailable for many invasive species. The European catfish, Silurus glanis, is a well-known, high-impact invasive predator; however, there remain considerable gaps in knowledge about its feeding preferences and biotic interactions that limit ecological impact predictions for this predator. This study is an investigation of seasonal variability in this predator’s diet during the juvenile life stage using the Arno River, Italy as a model system. This study identified significant differences across seasons, provided further information on the dietary spectrum of this species, and raised important questions for further study.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SHIP'S BALLAST WATER ON INVASIVE SPECIES OCCURRENCE, AND AS A CONSEQUENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A SHORT REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
A. Kholdebarin ◽  
N. Mozaffari ◽  
V. Vambol ◽  
S. Vambol ◽  
N. Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship’S Ballast Water

Water is one of the main ways of transportation. The reduction of water pressure on the ship hull, controlling ship submergence, compensate for the impact of losing weight from fuel or water consumption, help to the existence of lateral balance and stability are the factors that show all ships need ballasting. Ballast water contains a large number of organisms from different species, which are in different life stages (egg, Larvae, Cysts, Spores, or adult). These aquatic invasive species cause damage to fisheries, aquaculture, water supply system, industrial infrastructure, biodiversity, and habitat. The study aims to review open information sources and analyze them to identify the Impact of ship's ballast water on invasive species occurrence, and as a consequence on environmental and public health effects. The search for sources was carried out for the keywords «ballast water», «ecology», «environment», «public health» and «invasive species», as well as for various combinations of these words through the Google Scholar. Restrictions in the search for sources amounted to: since 2005 and in relevance. The features of one of the reasons for the spread of invasive species and negative environmental consequences for aqua systems and public health are studied. The study's practical value lies in the fact that the study results can be used to train workers from water transport and ensure the environmental safety of aqua systems. Predation, parasitism, competition, the introduction of new pathogens, genetic changes, habitat alterations, species shift, and loss of biodiversity are the most important ecological impacts. Exotic species, which are often brought with ballast water, cause change to ecosystem function by changing in a nutrient cycle and a decrease in water quality. It is established that some invasive species including Vibrio Cholera and Giardia duodenalis that are transported by ballast water also affect the public health by increasing the risk of pathogens and parasitism.

scholarly journals Challenges to Extension Programming

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond A. Cloyd
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Base Extension ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

The way extension specialists and educators conduct programs, such as workshops, and transfer information to their designated clientele, including homeowners, professionals, and specialty groups, has changed within the last decade due to merging departments, budget cuts, reduced operating funds, and lack of refilling vacant positions. These factors have resulted in a number of driving forces that influence the way extension specialists and educators perform their duties, such as accountability, regionalization of extension, impact of technology, and expanding expertise. To be accountable under today's standards, extension specialists and educators must document the impact, relevance, and effectiveness of their programs. Required documentation must include economic, environmental, and human development factors. The effect of downsizing in many states has led to regionalization, which involves sharing extension specialists and educators across state boundaries. Although there are concerns, such as funding issues and evaluation of extension specialists and educators among states, regionalization in general has resulted in collaborative efforts to organize workshops and produce regional publications that serve a wider clientele base. Extension specialists and educators need to use computer-based and electronic technology, such as teleconferencing and distance-education, to present effective programs and address a wider audience, which will reduce the amount of required travel time. Finally, extension specialists and educators need to keep abreast of issues, such as invasive species, and develop programs to increase awareness of the economic and ecological impacts of invasive species in order to effectively serve the clientele base. Extension specialists and educators will more effectively serve their clientele, justify the importance of extension programming, demonstrate extension as a valued resource to administrators, and deal with the challenges of financial constraint existing now and in the foreseeable future by documenting impact, using multi-state programming, adopting new technology, and keeping up with current issues.

scholarly journals Bioévaluation De La Qualité Des Eaux Du Cours D’eau Menoua En Zone Périurbaine De Dschang, Ouest Cameroun

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Ngameni Tchamadeu Norbert ◽  
Patricia Bi Asanga Fai ◽  
Mpoame Mbida ◽  
Kenko NKontcheu Daniel Brice
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Reference Station ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Taxonomic Richness ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

We conducted a study to assess the impact of peri-urban agricultural activities of the city of Dschang on the water quality and macroinvertebrate structure of the Menoua stream. This study covered 3 stations (one reference station at the upstream of the peri-urban agricultural activities and two downstream) with a monthly sampling frequency from March 2015 to February 2016. The physico-chemical analysis were carried out according to standard protocols while the benthic macro-fauna was harvested using a haze net of 30 cm side and 400 μm mesh size. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity, TDS (Total Dissolved Solids), salinity, turbidity, colour, SS (Suspended Solids), nitrate, ammonium and orthophosphate were analyzed. The inventory of benthic macroinvertebrates revealed a taxonomic richness of 42 families and 77 taxa and a gross abundance of 1833 individuals. Spatio-temporal monitoring of physicochemical and biological parameters provided the image of relatively low pollution. Metrics such as total taxonomic richness, richness of ETO (Ephemeroptera-Trichoptera-Odonata), relative abundance of Ephemeroptera-Trichoptera-Odonate (% ETO), diversity of Shannon and Weaver and Pielou's equitability were determined at each of the three stations. These indices, unlike several other studies, increased downstream of anthropogenic activities. Low agricultural activity in the watershed has resulted in habitat diversification and availability of resources for benthic macroinvertebrates, resulting in increased abundance and diversity

scholarly journals Evaluasi Rehabilitasi Riparian Sungai Ranggeh dengan Indikator Komunitas Makrozoobenthos

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Jojok Sudarso ◽  
Imroatushshoolikhah ◽  
Aiman Ibrahim ◽  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Laela Sari
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Riparian Habitat ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
Biological Metrics ◽  
Habitat Rehabilitation ◽  
Conductivity Parameter ◽  
The Impact

<strong>Evaluation of Riparian Rehabilitation in River River Usingthe Macrozoobenthos Community Indicator. </strong>Macrozoobenthos organism is one of aquatic biota which is often used to assess the ecosystems health of river.The evaluation of riparian habitat rehabilitation using benthic macroinvertebrates has been commonly used in many countries. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the impact of Ranggeh river riparian rehabilitation and to determine environmental parameters that influenced benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Ranggeh River. This research was conductedfrom February to September 2019. Benthic macroinvertebrate Benthic macroinvertebrates, river, evaluation, EPT, rehabilitationsamples were collected using Hess Sampler in a sampling area of 0.2 m<sup>2</sup>. This evaluation was carried out after two months since the rehabilitation of riparian habitat completed. The results show that rehabilitation of the riparian habitat has changed the community, in the aspects of biological metrics of taxa number, abundance, and taxa numbersof Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT). Furthermore, the taxa number and EPT metrics increased after habitat rehabilitation, however the abundance decreased slightly. In addition, the taxa number metric was positively correlated with conductivity parameter (r = 0.8), but negatively correlatedto turbidity (r = -0.91) and pH (r = -0.77). Meanwhile, the EPT metric was negatively correlated with turbidity parameters (r = -0.76) and  %<em>embeddedness</em> (r = -0.94). The total abundance metric was not sensitive to the parameters measured in this study. Meanwhile, biological metrics for taxa number and EPT can be used to assess rehabilitation success of river ecosystem habitats

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