scholarly journals Structural Connectivity in Ventral Language Pathways Characterizes Nonverbal Autism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillem Olivé ◽  
Dominika Slušná ◽  
Lucía Vaquero ◽  
Jordi Muchart-López ◽  
Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Deterministic Tractography ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Language Pathways

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves a large variety of language capacities, from normal scores on standardized language tests to absence of functional language in a substantial minority of 30% of individuals with ASD. Due to practical difficulties of scanning at this severe end of the autism spectrum, insights from MRI are scarce. Here we used manual deterministic tractography to investigate, for the first time, the integrity of the core white matter tracts defining the language connectivity network in nonverbal ASD (nvASD): the arcuate (AF), inferior fronto-occipital (IFOF), inferior longitudinal (ILF) and uncinate (UF) fasciculi, and the frontal aslant tract (FAT). A multiple case series of nine individuals with nvASD were compared to normative benchmarks from matched individuals with verbal ASD (vASD) and typical development (TD). Bonferroni-corrected repeated measure ANOVAs were performed separately for each tract –Hemisphere (2:Left/Right) x Group (3:TD/vASD/nvASD). Results revealed (i) a main effect of group consisting in a reduction in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the IFOF in nvASD relative to TD; (ii) a significant interaction of hemisphere and group in the UF, which showed reduced volume in the left hemisphere when compared to the right, in the vASD group only; and (iii) main effects of hemisphere in both the AF (left-lateralized in volume) and the ILF (left-lateralized in FA). These results do not replicate deficits of the dorsal language route previously observed in nvASD, and instead point to a disruption of the ventral language pathway, which is in line with semantic deficits observed behaviourally in this group.

scholarly journals Advantages of the multiple case series approach to the study of cognitive deficits in autism spectrum disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (13) ◽  
pp. 2981-2988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karren J. Towgood ◽  
Julia D.I. Meuwese ◽  
Sam J. Gilbert ◽  
Martha S. Turner ◽  
Paul W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Multiple Case

Diverticulization Duodenal Distal Technique for Injury Angle Duodenojejunal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Luis R. Martinez ◽  
Pablo Valsangiacomo ◽  
Gabriela Espinosa ◽  
Gabriela Wagner ◽  
Roberto Taruselli
Keyword(s):  
Case Series ◽  
Average Hospital ◽  
Single Anastomosis ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
Mortality Case ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
Serious Injuries ◽  
Suture Failure ◽  
Initial Results

Duodenojejunal injuries region at the angle of Treitz are rare, variable etiology and often associated with other serious injuries. In trauma situations with perforations and bleeding, his approach is often difficult. The primary suture, resection / anastomosis and duodenal exclusion are the usual for trauma management techniques in this region. The aim of this paper is to show the initial results of an alternative for injuries duodenojejunal angle (IDJA) by filling a retrospective, descriptive and observational technique, 12 patients operated were analyzed over a period of 15 years, carriers IDJA, age: 34, 11 gunshot wound. 92% of the cases had other associated visceral injuries. The average for the ISS was 29. In all cases located in duodenum duodenojejunoanastomosis II, via the right lateromesenterica upon closing section and duodenum level III was performed. 58% of cases were complicated. Mortality case series were 1 (8%) digestive suture failure colon. Average Hospital stay 26 days. Conclusion: A simple, safe and maintaining gut physiology is proposed technique; with a single anastomosis, located in well-vascularized area and away from bruising and contaminated areas. The complications were pancreatic fistula and digestive suture failure.

scholarly journals Steering the Mandible in the Right Direction : Forsus Case Series

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110054
Author(s):  
Prachi Gohil ◽  
Sonali Mahadevi ◽  
Bhavya Trivedi ◽  
Neha Assudani ◽  
Arth Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Functional Appliances ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia

We are in the process of discovery of new vistas for technological advances in terms of various appliances with a vision of making orthodontic treatment compliance free as well as successful. Due to improved technology, the enigma of treating the Class II syndrome is palliated. “Out of the box” thinking has become a norm to treat certain situations that were not corrected in noncompliant patients. Fixed functional appliances are valuable tools introduced to assist the correction of skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathia at the deceleration stage of growth for achieving stable results. In this direction a case series is reported of patients having the above conditions and undergoing orthodontic treatment using a Forsus FFA. Joining hands with technology is a win-win situation for both the patient and the orthodontist.

scholarly journals Review of Cognitive Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Performance on Six Subtests on Four Versions of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuho Takayanagi ◽  
Yoko Kawasaki ◽  
Mieko Shinomiya ◽  
Hoshino Hiroshi ◽  
Satoshi Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study was a systematic review of research using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to examine cognitive characteristics of children with ASD beyond the impact of revisions based on WISC and diagnostic criteria changes. The classic “islets of ability” was found in individuals with full-scale IQs < 100. The “right-descending profiles” were observed among high IQ score individuals. High levels on the Block Design and low Coding levels were consistently found regardless of the variation in intellectual functioning or diagnosis. This review identified patterns of cognitive characteristics in ASD individuals using empirical data that researchers may have previously been aware of, based on their experiences, owing to the increased prevalence of ASD.

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

scholarly journals Is Visual Pedagogy Effective in Improving Cooperation towards Oral Hygiene and Dental Care in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Araxi Balian ◽  
Silvia Cirio ◽  
Claudia Salerno ◽  
Thomas Gerhard Wolf ◽  
Guglielmo Campus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Pedagogy

Visual pedagogy has emerged as a new approach in improving dental care in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). This paper aimed to evaluate and assess the scientific evidence on the use of visual pedagogy in improving oral hygiene skills and cooperation during dental care in children with ASDs. The review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO Register (CRD42020183030). Prospective clinical studies, randomized trials, interruptive case series, before and after comparison studies, and cross-sectional studies following the PRISMA guideline were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar using ad hoc prepared search strings. The search identified 379 papers, of which 342 were excluded after title and abstract evaluation, and 37 full-text papers were analyzed. An additional four papers were added after consulting reference lists. Eighteen papers were disregarded; 23 were finally included, and their potential bias was assessed using ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. The wide heterogenicity of the studies included does not allow for conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of visual pedagogy in oral hygiene skills and dental care. Nevertheless, a significant and unilateral tendency of the overall outcomes was found, suggesting that visual pedagogy supports ASD children in improving both oral hygiene skills and cooperation during dental care.

scholarly journals Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome induced by short-term weight loss: a case series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudai Tamura ◽  
Tomohiro Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Transoesophageal Echocardiography ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Short Time Period ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
The Right ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Background Platypnoea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is an uncommon condition characterized by dyspnoea and arterial desaturation in the standing or sitting position that improves in the supine position. Case summary We report two cases of POS caused by an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a patent foramen ovale (PFO). Both cases reported a recent decrease in body weight of more than 10 kg in a short time period. Transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) with agitated saline bubble study revealed and a large amount of contrast bubble through the ASD (Patient 1) or the PFO (Patient 2) from the right atrium to the left atrium in the sitting position. Both patients were diagnosed by the finding of positional dyspnoea and the results of TOE using agitated saline bubble contrast. Discussion Taken together, their presentations suggest that weight loss in a short time period could be a pathogenic factor for POS.

scholarly journals Association of psychiatric comorbidities with the risk of transport accidents in ADHD and MPH

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Liu ◽  
Vincent Chin-Hung Chen ◽  
Yao-Hsu Yang ◽  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Michael Gossop
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Accident Risk ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Transport Accidents

Abstract Aims Although the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and transport accidents has been shown, there is limited information on the relationship between medication and dose–response effects and transport accident risk. This study aims to determine whether young people with ADHD, including adolescents, are more prone to transport accidents than those without, and the extent to which methylphenidate (MPH) prescription in these patients reduces the risk. Methods We identified 114 486 patients diagnosed with ADHD from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2013. Using a Cox regression model, we compared the risk of transport accidents between ADHD and non-ADHD groups and estimated the effect of MPH on accidents. Furthermore, we applied a self-control case-series analysis to compare the risk of accidents during the medication periods with the same patients' non-medication periods. Results Male ADHD patients had a higher risk of transport accidents than non-ADHD individuals (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.24, [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.39]), especially for those comorbid with epilepsy, oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), and intellectual disabilities (ID). Female ADHD patients showed no relationship, except for comorbid with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or ID. We found a reduced risk of transport accidents in patients with ADHD with MPH medication than those without MPH, with a plausible dose–response relationship (aHR of 0.23 to 0.07). A similar pattern was found in self-controlled case-series analysis. Conclusions Male patients with ADHD, especially those comorbid with epilepsy, ODD/CD, or ID, were at high risk of transport accidents. Female patients, when comorbid with ASD or ID, also exhibited a higher risk of accidents. MPH treatment lowered the accident risk with a dose–response relationship.

scholarly journals Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1088-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo M. Batista ◽  
Igor M. Batista ◽  
João P. Almeida ◽  
Carlos H. Carvalho ◽  
Samuel B. de Castro-Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Local Infiltration ◽  
Neuropathic Pain Model ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2% can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

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