scholarly journals Maternal Vaginal Fluids Play A Major Role In The Colonization of The Neonatal Intestinal Microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Tang ◽  
Xueqin Zhang ◽  
Jingxian Xie ◽  
Lingyu Zeng ◽  
Yuntian Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Dna Replication And Repair ◽  
Hospital School

Abstract Background: Caesarean delivery (CD) is associated with newborns’ health risks due to the blocking of microbiome transfer. To understand the vertical bacterial seeding and reduce CD disadvantages, microbiome transmissions via anal and genital routes were investigated, and the efficiency of vaginal fluid swabbing treatment was evaluated using 16s rDNA sequencing-based techniques.Results: Pregnant women were recruited in the Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University from June 1st to August 15th, 2017. Maternal faeces (n = 26), maternal vaginal fluids (n = 26), and neonatal transitional stools (n = 26) were collected, while the participants underwent natural delivery (ND) (n = 6), CD (n = 4) and CD with vaginal fluid swabbing (CS) on their newborns (n = 16). 26 mothers with the median age 26.50 (25.00-27.25) years showed no substantial clinical differences. The newborns’ gut microbiota altered among ND, CD and CS, and clustered into two groups (PERMANOVA P < 0.01) of swabbing and no-swabbing exposure. Gut colonization of ND babies majorly originated from maternal vaginal microbes (PERMANOVA P = 0.08), no vertical transmission was observed via anal route in any group. The vaginal transfer partially occurred by swabbing, in which the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and the genera Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Escherichia-Shigella in newborns were similar to their mothers. The recovered taxa predicted KEGG functions of biosynthesis, metabolism, and DNA replication and repair with benefits of low risks of digestive, cardiovascular, and immune diseases.Conclusions: The newborn’s gut microbiota is mainly shaped by maternal vaginal microbiota, and aberrant colonization initiated by CD is partly mitigated by the swabbing treatment.

Gut microbiota community adaption during young children fecal microbiota transplantation by 16s rDNA sequencing

2016 ◽  
Vol 206 ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Lei Gu ◽  
Yi-Zhong Wang ◽  
Shi-Yi Liu ◽  
Guang-Jun Yu ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

scholarly journals The Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Zhaoling Cai ◽  
Markus W. Ferrari ◽  
Yilong Liu ◽  
Chengyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Objective. Chronic heart failure (CHF) refers to a state of persistent heart failure that can be stable, deteriorated, or decompensated. The mechanism and pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling remain unknown. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in elderly patients with CHF to provide new insights into the microbiota and metabolic phenotypes of CHF. Methods. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 25 elderly patients with CHF and 25 healthy subjects. The expression of inflammatory factors in blood was detected by ELISA. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes in microorganisms in the samples. The changes of small molecular metabolites in serum samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Results. Our results showed that the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, and the IL-10 level was significantly decreased in the elderly patients with CHF compared with the healthy subjects. The diversity of the gut microbiota was decreased in the elderly patients with CHF. Moreover, Escherichia Shigella was negatively correlated with biocytin and RIBOFLAVIN. Haemophilus was negatively correlated with alpha-lactose, cellobiose, isomaltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, and turanose. Klebsiella was positively correlated with bilirubin and ethylsalicylate. Klebsiella was negatively correlated with citramalate, hexanoylcarnitine, inosine, isovalerylcarnitine, methylmalonate, and riboflavin. Conclusion. The gut microbiota is simplified by the disease, and serum small-molecule metabolites evidently change in elderly patients with CHF. Serum and fecal biomarkers could be used for elderly patients with CHF screening.

scholarly journals Bacteremia Due to Kosakonia cowanii in a Preterm Neonate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Duployez ◽  
Marie-Eve Edun-Renard ◽  
Eric Kipnis ◽  
Rodrigue Dessein ◽  
Rémi Le Guern
Keyword(s):  
Central Venous Catheter ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Preterm Neonate ◽  
Venous Catheter ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Abstract Objective Low-birthweight infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units are at high risk of hospital-acquired infections by opportunistic pathogens. The gut microbiota of preterm neonates lacks commensal bacteria providing a barrier against pathogens. We report a case of bacteremia due to Kosakonia cowanii in a preterm neonate. Case Report A female baby of 680 g was delivered through a cesarean-section at 28 weeks of gestation due to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal rhythm abnormalities. On day 27, two blood cultures grew gram-negative bacilli in a context of functional ileus. No reliable identification could be obtained using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight, biochemical reactions with the VITEK 2 GN ID card, or 16S rDNA sequencing. K. cowanii was finally identified by gyrB sequencing. The source of infection may have been either the central venous catheter or translocation from the gut microbiota. Evolution was favorable after 14 days of cefepime (combined with amikacin for 5 days) and central venous catheter removal. Conclusion K. cowanii is a member of the Enterobacteriaceae family that was recently reclassified from the Enterobacter genus. Human infections due to K. cowanii are scarce and have mainly been associated with traumatic inoculation from plants or transient gut colonization. K. cowanii may be an underestimated opportunistic pathogen in susceptible populations such as preterm neonates.

Metabolite fingerprinting of novel Streptomyces UK-238 from the Himalayan forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Srivastava ◽  
Indira P. Sarethy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Metabolite Fingerprinting ◽  
Streptomyces Sp ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Aims: Characterization of antimicrobial metabolites of novel Streptomyces sp. UK-238. Background: Novel antimicrobial drug discovery is urgently needed due to emerging multi antimicrobial drug resistance among pathogens. Since many years, natural products have provided the basic skeletons for many therapeutic compounds including antibiotics. Bioprospection of un/under explored habitats and focussing on selective isolation of actinobacteria as major reservoir of bio and chemodiversity has yielded good results. Objective: The main objectives of the study were the identification of UK-238 by 16S rDNA sequencing and antimicrobial metabolite fingerprinting of culture extracts. Method: In the present study, a promising isolate, UK-238, has been screened for antimicrobial activity and metabolite fingerprinting from the Himalayan Thano Reserve forest. It was identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Ethyl acetate extract was partially purified by column chromatography. The pooled active fractions were fingerprinted by GC-MS and compounds were tentatively identified by collated data analysis based on Similarity Index, observed Retention Index from Databases and calculated Retention Index. Results: UK-238 was identified as Streptomyces sp. with 98.4% similarity to S. niveiscabiei. It exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity. GC-MS analysis of active fractions of ethyl acetate extract showed the presence of eighteen novel antimicrobial compounds belonging to four major categories- alcohols, alkaloid, esters and peptide. Conclusion: The study confirms that bioprospection of underexplored habitats can elaborate novel bio and chemodiversity.

scholarly journals The plant secondary compound swainsonine reshapes gut microbiota in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shien Ren ◽  
Chao Fan ◽  
Liangzhi Zhang ◽  
Xianjiang Tang ◽  
Haibo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Ochotona Curzoniae ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Herbivorous Mammals

Abstract Plants produce various plant secondary compounds (PSCs) to deter the foraging of herbivorous mammals. However, little is known about whether PSCs can reshape gut microbiota and promote gut homeostasis of hosts. Using 16S rDNA sequencing to investigate the effects of PSCs on the gut microbiota of small herbivorous mammals, we studied plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) fed diets containing swainsonine (SW) extracted from Oxytropis ochrocephala. Our results showed that both long- and short-term treatment of a single artificial diet in the laboratory significantly reduced alpha diversity and significantly affected beta diversity, core bacteria abundance, and bacterial functions in pikas. After SW was added to the artificial diet, the alpha diversity significantly increased in the long-term treatment, and core bacteria (e.g., Akkermansiaceae) with altered relative abundances in the two treatments showed no significant difference compared with pikas in the wild. The complexity of the co-occurrence network structure was reduced in the artificial diet, but it increased after SW was added in both treatments. Further, the abundances of bacteria related to altered alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism in the artificial diet were restored in response to SW. SW further decreased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in both treatments. Our results suggest that PSCs play a key role in regulating gut microbiota community and intestinal homeostasis, thereby maintaining host health. Key points • Swainsonine improves the intestinal bacterial diversity of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the recovery of core bacterial abundances in the gut of plateau pikas. • Swainsonine promotes the restoration of intestinal bacterial functions of plateau pikas.

scholarly journals Infant Gut Microbiota Associated with Fine Motor Skills

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Acuña ◽  
Tomás Cerdó ◽  
Alicia Ruiz ◽  
Francisco J. Torres-Espínola ◽  
Ana López-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

BACKGROUND: During early life, dynamic gut colonization and brain development co-occur with potential cross-talk mechanisms affecting behaviour. METHODS: We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the associations between gut microbiota and neurodevelopmental outcomes assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III in 71 full-term healthy infants at 18 months of age. We hypothesized that children would differ in gut microbial diversity, enterotypes obtained by Dirichlet multinomial mixture analysis and specific taxa based on their behavioural characteristics. RESULTS: In children dichotomized by behavioural trait performance in above- and below-median groups, weighted Unifrac b-diversity exhibited significant differences in fine motor (FM) activity. Dirichlet multinomial mixture modelling identified two enterotypes strongly associated with FM outcomes. When controlling for maternal pre-gestational BMI and breastfeeding for up to 3 months, the examination of signature taxa in FM groups showed that Turicibacter and Parabacteroides were highly abundant in the below-median FM group, while Collinsella, Coprococcus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Holdemanella, Propionibacterium, Roseburia, Veillonella, an unassigned genus within Veillonellaceae and, interestingly, probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the above-median FM group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an association between enterotypes and specific genera with FM activity and may represent an opportunity for probiotic interventions relevant to treatment for motor disorders.

PSVII-9 Influence of lactose and milk oligosaccharides in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 407-407
Author(s):  
Ki Beom Jang ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Whey Permeate ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate supplemental effects of milk carbohydrates in whey permeate on jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota in nursery pigs during 7 to 11 kg BW. A total of 720 pigs at 7.5 kg BW were allotted to 6 treatments (6 pens/treatment and 20 pigs/pen). Treatments were 6 levels of whey permeate supplementation (0, 3.75, 7.50, 11.25, 15.00, and 18.75%) and fed to pigs for 11 d. On d 11, 36 pigs representing median BW of each pen were euthanized to collect the jejunal mucosa to evaluate microbiota in the jejunum by 16S rDNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using contrasts in MIXED procedure of SAS. Whey permeate contained 76.3% lactose and 0.4% milk oligosaccharides. Increasing whey permeate supplementation from 0 to 18.75% did not affect the alpha-diversity estimates of microbiota. Whey permeate supplementation tended to decrease (P = 0.073, 1.59 to 1.22) Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes compared with no addition of whey permeate. Increasing whey permeate supplementation tended to linearly increase Bifidobacteriaceae (P = 0.089, 0.73 to 1.11), decrease Enterobacteriaceae (P = 0.091, 1.04 to 0.52), decrease Stretococcaceae (P = 0.094, 1.50 to 0.71), and caused quadratic changes (P &lt; 0.05) on Lactobacillaceae (maximum: 9.14% at 12.91% whey permeate). Increasing whey permeate supplementation caused a quadratic change (P &lt; 0.05) on Lactobacillus_Salivarius (maximum: 0.92% at 7.35% whey permeate) and tended to cause quadratic changes on Lactobacillus_Rogosae (P = 0.083; maximum: 0.53% at 8.45% whey permeate) and Lactobacillus_Mucosae (P = 0.092; maximum: 0.70% at 6.98% whey permeate). In conclusion, supplementation of whey permeate as sources of lactose and milk oligosaccharides at a range from 7 to 13% seems to be beneficial to nursery pigs by increasing the abundance of lactic acid-producing bacteria in the jejunal mucosa.

scholarly journals 2-Way k-Means as a Model for Microbiome Samples

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weston J. Jackson ◽  
Ipsita Agarwal ◽  
Itsik Pe’er
Keyword(s):  
Unsupervised Learning ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Cluster Assignment ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Motivation. Microbiome sequencing allows defining clusters of samples with shared composition. However, this paradigm poorly accounts for samples whose composition is a mixture of cluster-characterizing ones and which therefore lie in between them in the cluster space. This paper addresses unsupervised learning of 2-way clusters. It defines a mixture model that allows 2-way cluster assignment and describes a variant of generalized k-means for learning such a model. We demonstrate applicability to microbial 16S rDNA sequencing data from the Human Vaginal Microbiome Project.

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