scholarly journals Patent landscape of Chinese Classical Formulas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruipeng Shi ◽  
Hua Luo ◽  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Yuyang Tang ◽  
Zhangfeng Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Patent Landscape ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Large Decline

Abstract BackgroundChinese Classical Formulas (經典名方, CCFs) are clinically employed formulas that have been documented in the literature since before the Ming era. In 2010, China began focusing on the development and product transformation of CCFs and issued a list of 100 CCFs as a reference. Patents are key components of the process for transferring technology to product; however, they are rarely employed in current CCF research. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the current situation of CCFs based on the China National Intellectual Property Administration (CNIPA) and provide a reference for researchers, investors, and policymakers to make relevant decisions. MethodsInformation on CCF publication numbers was obtained from the CNIPA, and data for patent applications made before June 30, 2021, on inventors, titles, and abstracts were searched in the patent database, Derwent Innovation. Duplicate application numbers were removed, applications were standardized, and inventors were categorized. The processed data were then used for subsequent analyses. ResultsA total of 287 patents were included in this analysis, and 61 CCFs were patented. Two major policies regarding CCFs in 2011 and 2019 greatly stimulated related patent applications, but lacked sustainability, followed by a relatively large decline in 2012 and 2020. Among the granted patents, 42.59% are analytical methods-related inventions and 24.07% for preparation methods. The percentage of core patents on substance basis and mechanism of action is relatively small. ConclusionPolicies have a significant impact on CCF R&D. The number of CCF patent applications is increasing every year and there is an increasing number of companies as patent applicants, which indicates that CCF is considered to have a good market potential. However, the lack of high quality patents may create difficulties for future development and this will be an important issue to be addressed. Keywords Chinese classical formulations, Chinese medicine, patent, product transformation

scholarly journals Comparative study on the antituberculous effect and mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicines NiuBeiXiaoHe extract and JieHeWan

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Yao Duan ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Wen-Ping Gong ◽  
Yong Xue ◽  
Jie Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Lung Histopathology ◽  
Th17 Cytokines

Abstract Background The traditional Chinese medicine NiuBeiXiaoHe (NBXH) extract and Chinese medicine preparation JieHeWan (JHW) exhibit anti-tuberculosis effects. The anti- tuberculosis effect of NBXH was compared with that of JHW to elucidate the mechanism of action of NBXH. Methods BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into a normal control group, Tuberculosis (TB) model group, JHW treatment group, and NBXH treatment group. After 3 and 13 weeks of treatment, the therapeutic effect in each group was evaluated by comparing lung histopathology, lung and liver colony counts, the number of spots representing effector T cells secreting IFN-γ in an ELISPOT, and the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines, which were measured by a cytometric bead array (CBA). Mouse RNA samples were subjected to transcriptome sequencing. Results After 13 weeks of treatment, the mean histopathological lesion area of the NBXH group was significantly smaller than that of the TB model group (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the TB model group, the lung colony counts in the JHW and NBXH groups were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the IL-2 and IL-4 levels in the NBXH group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). NBXH partly restored significant changes in gene expression caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection. According to GO and KEGG analyses, the changes in biological process (BP), cell composition (CC) and molecular function (MF) terms and in signaling pathways caused by NBXH and JHW treatment were not completely consistent, but they were mainly related to the immune response and inflammatory response in the mouse TB model. Conclusions NBXH had therapeutic effects similar to those of JHW in improving lung histopathology, reducing lung colony counts, and regulating the levels of cytokines. NBXH restored significant changes in gene expression and repaired cell damage caused by M. tuberculosis infection by regulating immune-related pathways, which clarified the mechanism of action of NBXH.

scholarly journals Chitosan based antibacterial composite materials for leather industry: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linlin Yuan ◽  
Qingda Yao ◽  
Yongxian Liang ◽  
Ye Dan ◽  
Yixiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Structural Unit ◽  
Important Application ◽  
Antibacterial Mechanism ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Preparation Methods

Abstract Chitosan is an amorphous translucent substance with a structural unit similar to the polysaccharide structure of the extracellular matrix, It has good antibacterial, biocompatible, and degradable properties. It has important application value in leather, water treatment, medicine, food and other fields, so chitosan and its modified products have received widespread attention. This article reviewed the preparation methods of chitosan-based antibacterial composites in recent years, including chitosan/collagen, chitosan/graphene, chitosan/tannic acid, and chitosan/polyethylene glycol composite materials, elaborates their modification methods and antibacterial mechanism were reviewed in detail, and its applications in the leather industry as antibacterial auxiliaries and water treatment antibacterial adsorption materials were discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges of chitosan-based composite materials in the leather industry were forecasted. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Indian medical device sector: insights from patent filing trends

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita Markan ◽  
Yogmaya Verma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Patent Application ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indian Medical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
The Government ◽  
Patent Filing

In this study, patent application filing trends in India for the last decade (2005–2014) were analysed to understand the medical device patent filing profile. As India is the key emerging market with huge market potential, this study was also undertaken to identify the top medical device companies filing patents in India, the niche technology domains with maximum filings, key gaps in medical device innovation profile and scope for business opportunities. It was observed that patent application filings in the medical device sector during the last 5 years (2009–2013) contributed only to 2% of the total patent applications filed, which may be attributed to nascent medical device sector and lack of Intellectual Property (IP) awareness or funding support for IP filings. The analysis shows increasing trends in medical device patent applications in India, with major share of patent applications being filed from the USA. The Indian applications in this sector contributed only to 17% of the total patent application filings in the last decade. Although foreign players dominate the medical device sector, this study indicates that though at a small scale, Indian applicants are actively filing patents in all key domains of the medical device sector. With the enabling environment being provided by the Government of India with recent policy initiatives such as Startup India, Make in India, 100% Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)and so on and support to start-ups for IP filings, the Indian medical device industry is expected to witness aggressive IP filing and innovation trends and is poised to grow exponentially targeting US$50 billion industry by 2025.

scholarly journals Facile, High Quality Sequencing of Bacterial Genomes from Small Amounts of DNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Momchilo Vuyisich ◽  
Ayesha Arefin ◽  
Karen Davenport ◽  
Shihai Feng ◽  
Cheryl Gleasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Library Preparation ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preparation Methods

Sequencing bacterial genomes has traditionally required large amounts of genomic DNA (~1 μg). There have been few studies to determine the effects of the input DNA amount or library preparation method on the quality of sequencing data. Several new commercially available library preparation methods enable shotgun sequencing from as little as 1 ng of input DNA. In this study, we evaluated the NEBNext Ultra library preparation reagents for sequencing bacterial genomes. We have evaluated the utility of NEBNext Ultra for resequencing andde novoassembly of four bacterial genomes and compared its performance with the TruSeq library preparation kit. The NEBNext Ultra reagents enable high quality resequencing andde novoassembly of a variety of bacterial genomes when using 100 ng of input genomic DNA. For the two most challenging genomes (Burkholderiaspp.), which have the highest GC content and are the longest, we also show that the quality of both resequencing andde novoassembly is not decreased when only 10 ng of input genomic DNA is used.

Creating Competitive Advantage in Scottish Family Businesses

2010 ◽  
pp. 230-251
Author(s):  
Claire Seaman ◽  
Stuart Graham
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Diverse Environment ◽  
The Creation

This chapter seeks to consider both the role that knowledge transfer may have in family businesses and the different manners in which knowledge transfer may take place within this diverse environment. The economic, social and community importance of family businesses within Scotland is considered, alongside the different manner in which family businesses commonly operate and the implications for knowledge transfer. The importance of knowledge transfer in the creation of competitive advantage within a family business environment and the relatively limited nature of research in this area are explored, highlighting the need for further research both to support the on-going development of a strategy for family businesses in Scotland and to facilitate future development of high quality knowledge transfer. Key to all of this, however, is an increased understanding of what is meant by knowledge transfer and the breadth of ways in which it happens.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety assessment of traditional Chinese medicine for metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Wu ◽  
Jiaxing Tian ◽  
Dan Dai ◽  
Jiangquan Liao ◽  
Xinmiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Efficacy Analysis ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Treatment Safety ◽  
Long Term Observation

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifarious metabolic disorder that could severely damage multiple organs. The emergence of MetS has markedly increased medical burden for patients. The treatment of MetS involves multitarget regulation, which is the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Many high-quality studies related to TCM for MetS have been conducted in recent years; however, no overall efficacy analysis has been reported. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM against MetS, we reviewed randomized controlled trials of MetS published in the past decade and then selected and analyzed 16 high-quality articles from over 800 papers. The results showed that TCM might be beneficial in improving body weight as well as in regulating glucose and lipid metabolisms; thus, TCM might be an ideal alternative therapy for MetS management. Treatment safety was also estimated in our analysis. A more elaborately designed and long-term observation of TCM for MetS should be performed in the future.

scholarly journals Correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Dyslipidemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-lin Ma ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Wei-jia Yang ◽  
Xuan-xuan Ren ◽  
Long Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
North China ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Chinese Medicine Constitution ◽  
Review Manager

Objective. To study the correlation between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution and dyslipidemia. Methods. CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database, CBMdisc, PubMed, and Embase were searched, and meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.2 software. Results. Altogether 11 studies were included with 12890 individuals. The results showed that balanced constitution was a protective factor of dyslipidemia (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.47~0.82) while phlegm-dampness constitution was a risk factor of it (OR = 2.50, 95% CI 2.22~2.80), and the effect of phlegm-dampness constitution in South China (OR = 3.31, 95% CI 1.71~6.43) was more obvious than that in East (OR = 2.40, 95% CI 2.06~2.80) and North China (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.81~2.78). Conclusion. This study provides evidence for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in TCM. However, most of the studies included are of moderate quality; more high quality, multicenter, large-sample studies are expected to provide higher level evidence.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Comparative Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Methylphenidate

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 939-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Lan ◽  
L-L Zhang ◽  
R Luo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Comparative Efficacy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is frequently used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD) in children in China. However, until now there has been no strong evidence to prove that TCM has better efficacy than western medicine. In this systematic study of 34 studies published in the Chinese literature, the effectiveness of TCM in treating ADHD in children was examined and compared with methylphenidate (MPH), which is widely used to treat ADHD. It was found that TCM may have equal or better effectiveness than MPH. However, the lack of high-quality clinical trials to support this conclusion means that it is not currently possible to recommend any particular kind of TCM preparation for treating ADHD in children.

scholarly journals Canned chicken products

1969 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Fred Fernández-Coll ◽  
Teresita Rodríguez-León ◽  
Irvis Pagán-Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Taste Panel ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Tomato Sauce ◽  
Production And Consumption

Production and consumption of chicken in Puerto Rico has been increasing. The amount of imported chicken, however, is still too-high. To provide alternatives that can be used to diversity and increase local poultry production, convenience canned products were developed. These included fricassee, patties, meatballs in tomato sauce, stewed gizzards and a base concentrate for rice dishes. Results indicated that the products developed were rated acceptable by the taste panel. This is indicative that the canned chicken products developed were good quality foods that thus have a market potential. Since these products were formulated as high quality foods, production costs are high.

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