Temporal Hydrogeochemical Dynamics and Source Apportionment in Groundwater of a Complex Lithology.

Abstract The present research reports the level of major ions and other physical parameters like pH, EC and TDS and possible sources of contamination in groundwater from south India. A total of 138 groundwater samples were collected during four different seasons and analyzed for physical parameters and other major ions. Many samples are above or approaching the recommended level of ions for safe drinking water. The groundwater quality has been determined by considering 11 parameters and classified into 5 different categories based upon water quality index (WQI) value. The groundwater of the study area is approaching towards pollution which has to consider for future management of the resource. Different geochemical diagrams like Gibbs and Piper are used to evaluate the process affecting the composition of groundwater. Again, the geostatistical techniques applied to confirm the processes through an integrated approach. Based on result of geochemical investigation, the contamination sources in the groundwater of this region are likely to be from (a) Anthropogenic activities (b) Weathering (c) Agricultural fertilizers. Continuous consumption of such water may pose serious health risk to the residents.

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GIS-based assessment of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes in the outlet and central parts of Wadi El-Assiuti, Assiut Governorate, Egypt

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-020-00428-3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hanaa A. Megahed

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Trace Elements ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Groundwater Resources ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

World Health ◽

Arid Environments ◽

Drinking And Irrigation ◽

Groundwater Samples

Abstract Background The limited water resources in arid environments in addition to the effect of agricultural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quantity and quality necessitate paying more attention to the quality assessment of these resources. The present studies assess the quality of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti, south Egypt, and evaluate their suitability for drinking and irrigation purposes. To achieve this goal, 159 groundwater samples were collected from the outlet and central parts of the Wadi El-Assiuti during the autumn season (October–November) of 2019 and were analyzed for major ions, trace elements and heavy metals. Results The results indicate that the TDS values range between 1972 and 6217 ppm, while the concentration of trace elements (Fe++, Mn++ and Ni+) ranges between 0.05 and 0.46, 0.11 and 0.221 and 0.01 and 0.6 ppm, respectively. These results show that all groundwater samples are clearly unacceptable and inappropriate for human drinking due to their high content of total dissolved solids, trace elements and heavy metals, particularly in the majority of samples according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and the Egyptian standards (Eg. St. 2007) for drinking water quality. Spatial analysis of the TDS values in geographic information system environment indicates that the salinity is higher in the northeast and gradually decreases southward. Sodium adsorption ratio, US Salinity Laboratory classification (1954), residual sodium carbonate, soluble sodium percentage and permeability index show that most groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation purposes. Conclusions The integrated approach provided in this study highlights the spatially distributed suitability of groundwater resources in Wadi El-Assiuti and can be applied in similar basins worldwide.

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Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on the Origins of Groundwater Salinization in Çarşamba Coastal Aquifer (North Turkey)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-388681/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdourazakou MAMAN HASSAN ◽

Arzu Ersoy

Keyword(s):

Transition Zone ◽

Coastal Aquifer ◽

Major Ions ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Classification Systems ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Hydrogeochemical Process ◽

Groundwater Samples

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the origins of salinization and the main hydrogeochemical process that controls the chemistry of Çarşamba coastal aquifer in Turkey. Therefore, a total of 33 groundwater samples and three seawater samples were analyzed in the coastal region of Çarşamba Plain in July 2019 and for these samples’ physical parameters, major ions and environmental isotopes (δ18O, δ2H and 3H) values were determined. Piper, Chadha, Gibbs diagrams and Stuyfzand Classification Systems were used to determine the origins of salinization and the key hydrogeochemical process controlling the groundwater chemistry. According to Stuyfzand classification system, the study showed that the freshwater and fresh-brackish water main types are the most widespread in the study area. Six water subtypes were observed in the study area that include CaHCO3, CaMix, NaMix, NaCl, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3. In addition, the subtypes CaMix indicated the locations of the transition zone, where the groundwater rich in Ca and HCO3 and gradually enriched in Na changes from CaMix with HCO3 as dominant anion to eventually CaCl and NaCl subtypes. Furthermore, the subtypes NaMix, NaHCO3 and MgHCO3 showed the locations of the transition zone where the flushing of the saline aquifer by freshwater takes place. All groundwater samples from study area had a positive cation exchange code and show that four hydrogeochemical facies composed of CaHCO3; Ca-Mg-Cl and NaCl and NaHCO3. Besides, groundwater samples have been influenced by two main mechanisms: the water-rock interaction and evaporation-crystallization. According to δ18O, δ2H and 3H analysis, the water samples have meteoric origin, shallow circulation, and a short residence time.

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Integration of multivariate statistics and water quality indices to evaluate groundwater quality and its suitability in middle Gangetic floodplain, Bihar

SN Applied Sciences ◽

10.1007/s42452-021-04394-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Ajay Govind Bhatt ◽

Anand Kumar ◽

Priya Ranjan Trivedi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Health Concern ◽

Water Type ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Group 2

AbstractThis study is conducted along the middle Gangetic floodplain, to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and suitability of groundwater for irrigation and human consumptions. Altogether 65 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for major ions and water quality parameters. pH of all the samples except 1 is found > 7, which suggests alkaline aquifer condition. Groundwater samples predominately belong to Ca-Mg-HCO3 water type followed by Na-HCO3, Mg-HCO3 and Mg-SO4 water types. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) combines groundwater into two distinct groups, Group 1 is found as less mineralized as the average EC value is found 625.3 μS/cm, while it is found 1375 μS/cm for Group 2. The results of correlation analysis and PCA suggest influence of natural and anthropogenic activities on groundwater. PCA extracts four major PCs which describes 71.7% of total variance. PC1 indicates influence of both lithogenic and anthropogenic activities on groundwater quality. PC2 and PC3 infer natural factors, and PC4 suggests influence of anthropogenic activities on groundwater. Exceeding concentration of F−, Fe and Mn above WHO guidelines are found as major public health concern. WQI of all except 4 groundwater samples suggests excellent to good water quality; however, 23% of the samples are not suitable based on WPI values. Irrigation indices suggest that groundwater is mostly suitable for irrigation; however, 10.7%, 12.3% and 3% samples for RSBC, MAR and KR, respectively, exceed the recommended limits and are unsuitable for irrigation. A proper management strategy and quality assurance is recommended before groundwater consumption and use in the study area.

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Seasonal Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Bhagwanpur, Varanasi

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.13.3.21 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 481-489

Author(s):

GARIMA JHARIYA ◽

R.M. SINGH ◽

DEVENDRA MOHAN

Keyword(s):

Groundwater Quality ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Municipal Sewage ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Earth ◽

Sulphate Chloride ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Environmental Unit

Water is an essential component of an environmental unit; sustainability of life on the earth depends only on this vital natural resource. This study focuses on assessing the groundwater quality since it is contaminated due to various anthropogenic activities. Water contamination is one of the environmental challenges now days. In this work groundwater samples are collected for determination of various physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, turbidity, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, TDS, nitrate, sulphate, chloride, andfluoride) for the duration of pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. Groundwater samples are taken for the analysis from Bhagwanpur since utilization of secondary treated municipal sewage for irrigating has been shown in that area. The study reveals that the parameters like pH, temperature, alkalinity, salinity and nutrient concentration in the analyzed sample falls within the permissible limitas per drinking water standards. Also the variation in mean values of the parameter within the samples was found very less whereas the variation recorded more in different seasons.

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Hydrogeochemical evolution processes and evaluation of groundwater suitability for domestic and agricultural utility in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-536324/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Javed Iqbal ◽

Chunli Su

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Human Life ◽

Principal Component ◽

Weathering Processes ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Groundwater Hydrochemistry ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Major Factors

Abstract Groundwater is a vital resource for human life and economic growth. In the Khanewal district of Punjab, Pakistan, environmental changes, and anthropogenic activities have made groundwater extremely vulnerable in the past forty years. Sixty-eight groundwater samples were collected from the study area, major ions and trace elements were analyzed. The Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis were used to identify the major factors influencing groundwater quality, as well as to assess its suitability for drinking and irrigation in southern Punjab. The aquifers are slightly acidic to alkaline, according to the pH (6.9–9.2) of groundwater. Significant cations are distributed as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+, while anions are distributed as HCO3− > SO42− > Cl−. The main hydrochemical facies are mixed Na·Ca-HCO3 and Na·Ca (Mg)-HCO3·SO4. Rock weathering processes, such as the dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum minerals, governed groundwater hydrochemistry. The water quality index (WQI) indicates that 17.64% of the water samples are unsuitable to drink. However, according to the Wilcox diagram, the USSL diagram, and some other agricultural indices, approximately 68% of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation.

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Potential interplay of Uranium with geochemical variables and mineral saturation states in groundwater

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01396-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Thivya Chandrasekar ◽

Chidambaram Sabarathinam ◽

Prasanna Mohan Viswanathan ◽

Thilagavathi Rajendiran ◽

Mahalakshmi Mathivanan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Ions ◽

Saturation Index ◽

Flood Plain ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Southwest Monsoon ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Northeast Monsoon ◽

Saturation State ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Different Seasons

AbstractUranium (U) is formed by the interaction of groundwater in aquifer and the surrounding rocks. The area chosen for this study is a hard rock terrain of various lithology in South India, which releases U in groundwater and affect the groundwater quality. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the geochemistry and temporal variations of U in groundwater with respect to saturation state of minerals for different seasons namely Pre-monsoon (PRM), Northeast monsoon (NEM), Southwest monsoon (SWM) and Post-monsoon (POM). A total of 216 groundwater samples were collected, representing various lithology (Fissile hornblende biotite gneiss, Charnockite, Quartzite, Granite and Flood Plain Alluvium) in the study area. The collected samples were analyzed for physical parameters such as Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solids, pH and major ions. U was measured using Laser Fluorimeter. The study infers that weathering in SWM, ion exchange in PRM and POM and anthropogenic process in NEM were the three major processes that could dominate the hydrogeochemistry of U. The higher concentration of U has been highlighted, and the water–rock interaction has been studied to know the sources of origin and it has been plotted through bivariate and ternary diagrams. The saturation index study was made and calculated for uranium, carbonate, sulfate, silicate and phosphate minerals using PHREEQC Programme. Uraninite and Coffinite are the dominant saturated states of U minerals which tend to attain near saturation to saturation state irrespective of seasons. With the increase in U concentration irrespective of seasons, it was noticed that the saturation state of minerals is also increasing. Overall, the weathering process and the lithological impact are the sources for higher concentration of U and their minerals occurring in the study area. The outcome of the study will help the policy makers for sustainable management to safeguard the groundwater resource in this region.

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Integrated Approach to Coastal Zone Management in Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1984.0075 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 16 (3-4) ◽

pp. 433-440

Author(s):

O C A Iriberri

Keyword(s):

Coastal Zone ◽

Coastal Zone Management ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Ecological Studies ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Zone Management ◽

Single Fragment ◽

Human Attitude ◽

And Migration

Coastal zone management requires an understanding of the complex milieu of interactions and activities taking place in an environmental system. Man is beginning to recognize that the old method of dealing with individual issues and problems as single fragment of a whole ecosystem is not enough. This paper tries to deal with the integrated manner in carrying out effectively the management of the coastal zone in Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro by the Man and the Biosphere Interagency Committee on Ecological Studies. To attain the objective of the project, the different agencies monitor, identify, observe, investigate various natural and physical parameters contributing to the ecological balance and study the rational use of the resources along the coastal zone. Result of the study showed that although such factors as land use practices of shifting cultivation (kaingin), human attitude towards forest and its resources, and continuous increase in population and migration of people were observed, such pressure on lands has not greatly affected the Puerto Galera coastal zone resources.

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Hydrochemical Characterisation of High-Fluoride Groundwater and Development of a Conceptual Groundwater Flow Model Using a Combined Hydrogeological and Hydrochemical Approach on an Active Volcano: Mount Meru, Northern Tanzania

Water ◽

10.3390/w13162159 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 2159

Author(s):

George Bennett ◽

Jill Van Reybrouck ◽

Ceven Shemsanga ◽

Mary Kisaka ◽

Ines Tomašek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Large Scale ◽

Active Volcano ◽

Aquifer System ◽

Groundwater Samples ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Different Seasons ◽

High Fluoride ◽

Arusha National Park ◽

The Impact

This study characterises high-fluoride groundwater in the aquifer system on the flanks of Mount Meru, focusing on parts of the flanks that were only partially or not at all covered by previous research. Additionally, we analyse the impact of rainwater recharge on groundwater chemistry by monitoring spring discharges during water sampling. The results show that the main groundwater type in the study area is NaHCO3 alkaline groundwater (average pH = 7.8). High F− values were recorded: in 175 groundwater samples, the concentrations range from 0.15 to 301 mg/L (mean: 21.89 mg/L, median: 9.67 mg/L), with 91% of the samples containing F− values above the WHO health-based guideline for drinking water (1.5 mg/L), whereas 39% of the samples have Na+ concentrations above the WHO taste-based guideline of 200 mg/L. The temporal variability in F− concentrations between different seasons is due to the impact of the local groundwater recharge. We recommend that a detailed ecohydrological study should be carried out for the low-fluoride springs from the high-altitude recharge areas on the eastern and northwestern flanks of Mount Meru inside Arusha National Park. These springs are extracted for drinking purposes. An ecohydrological study is required for the management of these springs and their potential enhanced exploitation to ensure the sustainability of this water extraction practice. Another strategy for obtaining safe drinking water could be to use a large-scale filtering system to remove F− from the groundwater.

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Water Quality and Hydrogeochemical Characteristics of Some Karst Water Sources in Apuseni Mountains, Romania

Water ◽

10.3390/w13060857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 857

Author(s):

Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia ◽

Ana Moldovan ◽

Eniko Kovacs ◽

Ionut Cornel Mirea ◽

Marius Kenesz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Chemistry ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Water Sources ◽

Main Process ◽

Karst Water ◽

Rock Interaction ◽

Apuseni Mountains ◽

Karst Waters

Human activities and natural factors determine the hydrogeochemical characteristics of karst groundwaters and their use as drinking water. This study assesses the hydrogeochemical characteristics of 14 karst water sources in the Apuseni Mountains (NW Romania) and their potential use as drinking water sources. As shown by the Durov and by the Piper diagrams, the chemical composition of the waters is typical of karst waters as it is dominated by HCO3− and Ca2+, having a circumneutral to alkaline pH and total dissolved solids ranging between 131 and 1092 mg L−1. The relation between the major ions revealed that dissolution is the main process contributing to the water chemistry. Limestone and dolostone are the main Ca and Mg sources, while halite is the main Na and Cl source. The Gibbs diagram confirmed the rock dominance of the water chemistry. The groundwater quality index (GWQI) showed that the waters are of excellent quality, except for two waters that displayed medium and good quality status. The quality of the studied karst waters is influenced by the geological characteristics, mainly by the water–rock interaction and, to a more limited extent, by anthropogenic activities. The investigated karst waters could be exploited as drinking water resources in the study area. The results of the present study highlight the importance of karst waters in the context of good-quality water shortage but also the vulnerability of this resource to anthropogenic influences.

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Depth–Sequential Investigation of Major Ions, δ18o, δ2h and δ13C in Fractured Aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada) Using Passive Samplers

Water ◽

10.3390/w13131806 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 1806

Author(s):

Guillaume Meyzonnat ◽

Florent Barbecot ◽

José Corcho Alvarado ◽

Daniele Luigi Pinti ◽

Jean-Marc Lauzon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotopes ◽

Major Ions ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Flow Paths ◽

Aquifer Heterogeneity ◽

Fractured Aquifers ◽

Fractured Carbonate ◽

Observation Wells

General and isotopic geochemistry of groundwater is an essential tool to decipher hydrogeological contexts and flow paths. Different hydrogeochemical patterns may result from the inherent physical aquifer heterogeneity, which may go unnoticed without detailed investigations gathered from multilevel or multiple observation wells. An alternative to overcome the frequent unavailability of multiple wellbores at sites is to perform a detailed investigation on the single wellbore available. In this perspective, the aim of this study is to use passive samplers to sequentially collect groundwater at depths in long–screened wellbores. Such investigation is carried out for major ions and stable isotopes compositions (δ2H, δ18O, δ13C) at ten sites in the context of fractured carbonate aquifers of the St. Lawrence Lowlands (Quebec, Canada). The information gathered from the calco–carbonic system, major ions and stable isotopes report poorly stratified and evolved groundwater bodies. Contribution of water impacted by anthropogenic activities, such as road salts pollution and carbon sources from C4 vegetation, when they occur, are even observed at the greatest depths. Such observations suggest quick flow paths and efficient mixing conditions, which leads to significant contributions of contemporary groundwater bodies in the fractured aquifers investigated down to depths of about 100 m. Although physical aquifer investigation reported few and heterogeneously distributed fractures per wellbore, hydrogeochemical findings point to at overall well interconnected fracture networks in the aquifer and high vulnerability of groundwater, even at significant depths.

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