Oral Candidiasis in Patients with Hematological Diseases: Diagnosis Through Clinical and Cytopathological Exams

Abstract Background: Candidiasis is a common opportunistic infection that may interfere with oncologic patients’ prognosis, especially those with hematologic diseases. This study is the first to analyse the prevalence of oral candidiasis in onco-hematological patients by physical and oral cytopathological exams. Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study with a retrospective sample composed of participants hospitalized in the hematology clinic, diagnosed with hematologic diseases. All patients were submitted to an oral mucosal exam and scraps from oral mucosa were obtained. Results: Of the 62 participants, 56.5% were male, 82.3% were white, with mean age of 57 years. Lymphoma was the most common hematologic disease (24.2%). In total, 48.3% of the sample was diagnosed with oral candidiasis. Of these participants with oral candidiasis, 13 (21.0%) had clinical diagnosis, where erythematous subtype was present in all cases and pseudomembranous subtype in 12 individuals. Cytopathological analysis revealed more 17 (27.4%) cases, without oral lesion indicative of candidiasis. Conclusions: Oral candidiasis is common among patients with hematologic disease, and the cytopathological exam proved to be a useful tool, confirming clinical diagnosis of candidiasis and identifying subclinical cases. These data are of great relevance considering the possible complications that these patients may develop such as longer hospitalizations, worsening of the general condition due to candidemia and even death.

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Frequency of Candida Spp. On the Anterior and Posterior Surfaces of Tongue Among Healthy Denture and Non-denture Wearers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-246905/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Owlia ◽

Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam ◽

faraz kheirollahi

Keyword(s):

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

P Value ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Common Opportunistic Infection ◽

Mycological Examination ◽

Posterior Tongue

Abstract Background: oral Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection that could affect the oral mucosa. Studies to date did not compare the colony count of candida of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the tongue. Objectives: hence, this study was aimed to compare the Candida spp. on the anterior and posterior surfaces of tongue among healthy denture and non-denture wearers.Methods: in current cross-sectional study, oral specimens were collected from anterior and posterior tongue dorsa by swabbing for mycological examination. Samples were collected from 26 healthy denture wearers (DW) and 10 non-denture wearers (NDW). All samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (S) and chloramphenicol (SC) and chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (SCC) mediums. Isolated colonies were counted. Germ Tube test was performed to determine the albicans species. Data was collected and entered in SPSS software version 17. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparison of data due to non-compliance with normal distribution.Results: the higher density of isolated colonies were seen in denture wearer group comparing to others (P Value = 0.031). There was a significant difference between candida colonization of anterior and posterior of tongue (P Value = 0.006). C. Albicans was the most common isolated candida species.Conclusion: mycological findings of this study revealed that presence of denture can increase colonization of candida on the posterior surface of the tongue. It could be an important guide in choosing the best form for medicine management of oral candidiasis.

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A study of oral lesions among HIV infected ENT patients

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20190067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 326

Author(s):

G. Soundara Rajan ◽

D. Senthamarai Kannan

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Oral Lesion ◽

Oral Lesions ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Management ◽

Hairy Leukoplakia ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Bull's Eye

Background: Oral lesions are the earliest and most important indicators of HIV infection. These lesions may be present in up to 50% of people with HIV infection. The lesions parallel the decline in number of CD4+ cells and an increase in viral load, and are also independent indicators of disease progression. Pseudomembranous candidiasis and hairy leukoplakia are considered as the most common lesion associated with HIV infection.Methods: This cross sectional descriptive study was done in our ENT op during the period of 3 years. All HIV reactive patients who came to our OPD were included in the study. Oral examination was carried out using Bull’s eye lamp. Results: Totally 123 patients of HIV came to ENT OPD during the period of 3 years. Among them 52 patients (42.5%) showed one or many oral lesions. The presence of oral lesions has a significant impact on health related quality of life. The commonest oral lesion noted in our study is oral candidiasis (50%).Conclusions: Early detection of oral lesions must be emphasized in the diagnosis and early management of HIV patients.

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Brief Overview and Experience of Visual Evoked Potential of First 67 cases at Referral Neuroscience Hospital in Bangladesh

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jninb.v6i2.50744 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 74-77

Author(s):

Mohammad Enayet Hussain ◽

Bithi Debnath ◽

AFM Al Masum Khan ◽

Md Ferdous Mian ◽

Md Nahidul Islam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Optic Neuritis ◽

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Optic Neuropathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Pattern Reversal ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Visual Evoked

Background: The visual evoked potentials (VEP) is a valuable tool to document occult lesions of the central visual channels especially within the optic nerve. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to observe the findings of first few cases of VEP done in the neurophysiology department of the National Institute of Neurosciences (NINS), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Neurophysiology at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2017 to March 2020. All patients referred to the Neurophysiology Department of NINS for VEP were included. Pattern reversal VEPs were done using standard protocol set by International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN). Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.70 (±12.11) years (6-68 years) with 31 (46.3%) male and 36 (53.7%) female patients. The mean duration of illness was 8.71 (±1.78) months (3 days- 120 months). Most common presenting symptom was blurring of vision (37.3%) and dimness of vision (32.8%). Patterned VEP revealed mixed type (both demyelinating and axonal) of abnormality in most cases [29(43.35)]. The most common clinical diagnosis was multiple sclerosis (29.85%) and optic neuropathy (26.87%). In the clinically suspected cases of multiple sclerosis, optic neuropathy and optic neuritis most of the cases of VEP were abnormal and the p value is 0.04 in optic neuropathy and optic neuritis. Conclusion: The commonest presentation of the patients in this series were blurring of vision and dimness of vision. The most common clinical diagnosis for which VEP was asked for, was optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Most abnormalities were of mixed pattern (demyelinating and axonal). Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2020;6(2): 74-77

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Opportunistic infections among people living with HIV at reference health care centers in Morocco, 2015 (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14229 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Noureddine Sakhri ◽

Fatima Zahra Meski ◽

SOUMIA TRIKI

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Care Centers

BACKGROUND Morbidity and mortality in HIV disease is due to immune-suppression leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections (OIs) during the natural course of the disease. In 2015, the HIV prevalence is low in general population and concentrated among key populations. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence and CD4 correlates of OIs among adult HIV-infected patients attending antiretroviral health care in Morocco, during 2015. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among all adult PLHIV for admitted in the health care centers during 2015, who had acquired infection disease. Patients’ opportunistic infection status was determined through clinical diagnosis and laboratory investigations. CD4 count was determined using flow cytometry technique. The clinical stage of HIV was identified by the classification of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We collected Socio-demographic and clinical data from patients’ medical records. We performed statistical analysis by using Epi-Info 7.2.0.1 software. The appropriate test was applied, bivariate analysis was made and the differences were significant when p<.05. RESULTS 299 HIV-infected cases were included; 53% were males. The most represented age group was 25-34 years (36.1%). The mean age of the cases was 38.7 ± 16.8. The prevalence of OIs was 47.8%. Tuberculosis (65/299, 21.7%), Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (40/299, 13.4%) and Oral candidiasis (22/299, 7.4%) were the most frequently observed OIs. CONCLUSIONS Tuberculosis, pneumocystis and oral candidacies were the leading OIs, encountered by HIV-infected cases. Preventive measures and early diagnosis of HIV associated to OIs are crucial.

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Pathological Study of Stillbirths Placentas at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S22-S23

Author(s):

A E Malango

Keyword(s):

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Fetal Death ◽

Consensus Statement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Pathological Examination ◽

Pathological Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Placenta Pathology

Abstract Introduction/Objective Stillbirth is defined as fetal death that occurs at gestational age of ≥28 weeks. In our setting clinical assessment is the only method used to determine cause of stillbirths, with no reported proportion of unknown clinical diagnosis. Studies showed that unknown cause of stillbirths can be reduced by examination of placenta. Causal identification aids in the mourning process and identifying recurrence risks. The study aimed to describe pathological changes in the placentas of stillbirths which have risk to cause fetal death Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study done for the period of 6 months, it involved examination of 80 placentas of stillbirths born at gestational age of ≥ 28 weeks, placentas were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 8–12 hours. Grossing and interpretation of placenta pathology was according to Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group Consensus Statement. Results Out of 80 stillbirths, 32(40%) had unknown clinical diagnosis. Majority of stillbirth placentas 71(91%) found with either one or combined pathologies with the risk to cause stillbirth. Maternal vascular malperfusion was the commonest pathology and was significantly associated with preterm stillbirths. Maternal floor infarction, a placenta pathology with risk to cause fetal death and high risk of recurrence was among the pathologies found, was seen in 4(5%) of stillbirth placentas. Conclusion Findings in this study clearly indicated the importance of pathological examination of placenta in determining cause of stillbirth. Placenta examination in stillbirths can identify more pathology related to stillbirths than clinical assessment alone.

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Musculoskeletal MRI Findings of Haematological Diseases

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab106.057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sameh Mohammed Abdelwahab ◽

Hazem Ibrahim Abdelrahman ◽

Pola Ibrahim Said

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Signal Intensity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mr Images ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hematological Diseases ◽

Musculoskeletal Mri ◽

Normal Composition

Abstract Background Hematologic diseases are a group of prevalent and clinically diverse diseases that can affect any organ system. Hematologic disorders frequently involve bone and associated tissues causing significant alterations in the bone marrow and may have relevant side effects on the skeleton. In order to evaluate findings in bone marrow on MR imaging, it is essential to understand the normal composition and distribution of bone marrow and the changes in marrow that occur with age, as well as the basis for the MR signals from marrow and the factors that affect those signals. Aim of the Work To describe the musculoskeletal MRI findings in patients with hematological diseases. Patients and Methods cross sectional study was conducted in Ain Shams University hospitals on patients confirmed with hematological disease undergoing musculoskeletal MRI. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging is very beneficial noninvasive modality to evaluate bone marrow and detecting marrow lesions due to its ability to provide information at the level of cellular and chemical composition. Knowing normal marrow components and composition and their variation, as well as of factors that affect MR signal intensity, is important for optimal interpretation of MR images. The signal intensity, morphology, and location of marrow findings on MRI can be used to provide accurate diagnoses and to guide treatment of the discussed hematological diseases.

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Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection among tuberculosis patients at tertiary care combined hospital

Journal of Translational Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jtim-2015-0017 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 130-135

Author(s):

Rakesh Basavareddy ◽

Asha Basavareddy ◽

Shimoga Laxman Ravi ◽

Bilagumba Ramu Kiran ◽

Gadwalkar R. Srikant

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Seroprevalence ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background and Objectives: Tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have reached epidemic proportions in our country. This study was undertaken to know the seroprevalence of HIV infection among TB patients and to evaluate the various clinical features of TB in seropositive and seronegative patients. This study was undertaken in Vijayanagara Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary. It was cross-sectional comparative observational study conducted from December 2010 to May 2012. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients diagnosed with TB satisfying inclusion criteria were selected for the study. All patients went through a detailed evaluation along with testing for HIV seroprevalence. Chi-square and Student’s t-tests used to find the significance between two groups. Results: The overall HIV seroprevalence among TB patients was 8%. Seroprevalence was highest in the age group between 31 and 40 years at 29.41% (odds ratio [OR] = 11.11, P = 0.003). It was found that seropositive TB patients were more likely to present with significant weight loss (OR = 19.25, P= 0.000), and have lymphadenopathy OR = 13.24, P = 0.002) and oral candidiasis (OR = 49.44, P = 0.000) on examination. Bilateral chest radiographic involvement (OR = 57.40, P = 0.000) and the disseminated variety of the disease (OR = 29.67, P = 0.001) are also more probable. Conclusions: Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence is quite high among TB patients in Bellary. During the evaluation of TB patients, the possibility of HIV co-infection should be kept in mind, and thus adequate knowledge of the likely clinical features is absolutely necessary.

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ORAL HYGIENE BURUK PASIEN RAWAT INAP TIDAK BERKAITAN DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN ORAL CANDIDIASIS

ODONTO Dental Journal ◽

10.30659/odj.4.1.56-60 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Addina Aimana Sabila ◽

Ade Ismail A.K ◽

Rochman Mujayanto

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Poor Oral Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Poor ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background: Nosocomial infections can develop in the oral cavity due to poor oral hygiene. Oral Candidiasis is one of the most frequent nosocomial infection in oral cavity. The objective of this study is to describe the oral hygiene and oral candidiasis in hospitalized patients. Method: This analitical observational study used cross sectional design. Subject of the study were 74 adult patients aged 20-65 who are hospitalized at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. Oral hygiene assessed from the presence of debris and calculus on the tooth surface using Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHIS) that were grouped in three categories (good, moderate, bad). Oral candidiasis diagnosed through clinical examination and swab procedure of suspicious lesions, and identified the presence of its spores and hyphae under a microscope observation. Kendal Tau test is used to analyze the correlation between oral hygiene with oral candidiasis. Results: Results showed patients with oral candidiasis in the poor and moderate oral hygiene were 29.7% and 1.4%, whereas patients without oral candidiasis in the poor and moderate oral hygiene were 60.8% and 8.1%. Kendall Tau correlation test results p value of 0.235 (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Conclusion of this study showed there is no association between oral hygiene with oral candidiasis.

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The Frequency and Causes of Subepidermal Gaps or Blisters and the Compliance Rate Between Clinical Diagnosis and Pathology Reports from 2015 to 2019

Journal of Skin and Stem Cell ◽

10.5812/jssc.118423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Abbas Darjani ◽

Hojat Eftekhari ◽

Seyedeh Rojin Amini Rad ◽

Narges Alizadeh ◽

Rana Rafiee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Diagnosis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Compliance Rate ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Direct Immunofluorescence ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pathology Reports

Background: Skin diseases are the fourth most common cause of human illness, and blisters with different clinical manifestations make a diagnostic challenge. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and causes of subepidermal gaps or blisters, as well as the compliance rate between the initial and final clinical diagnoses based on pathology reports. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, pathology reports of subepidermal blisters or gaps were evaluated in the patients referred to the Razi Laboratory of Rasht from 2015 to 2019. The samples were examined by a pathologist after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The reports included demographic information, clinical differential diagnoses, final diagnosis, direct immunofluorescence findings, and salt split results. Finally, the compliance rate of clinical diagnosis with pathology reports was determined. Results: A total of 183 pathology reports were evaluated, 170 of which contained the final diagnosis. Females were more frequently affected by the disease, and pemphigoid bolus and lichen planus were the most prevalent final diagnoses. The compliance rate between the initial and final diagnoses was 94%. About 37.2% of the reports lacked direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and salt split, and only 42.6% of the samples had undergone DIF examination, while 20.2% had both DIF and salt split. There was no significant association between the compliance rate of the final diagnosis with age, sex, and undergoing diagnostic tests. Conclusions: A high incidence of subepidermal gaps or blisters was seen in middle-aged individuals and females. The compliance rate of the initial clinical diagnosis with the final diagnosis based on pathological reports was high. Our findings emphasize the importance of histopathological examination and the complementary role of direct immunofluorescence and salt split in diagnosis.

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High viremia and Poor Immunity are Potential Surrogates of Anti-toxoplasmic Immunoglobulin G Quantification among HIV-Infected Individuals: A Cross-sectional Study in Yaoundé, Cameroon

10.21203/rs.2.21840/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aude Christelle Ka'e ◽

Samuel Martin Sosso ◽

Joseph Fokam ◽

Rachel Kamgaing Simo ◽

Sara Riwom Essama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opportunistic Infection ◽

Immune Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reference Centre ◽

Resource Limited ◽

Common Opportunistic Infection ◽

Hiv 1

Abstract Background: Toxoplasmosis remains a neglected common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised individuals, who are mainly people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in whom reactivation of toxoplasmosis may occur with advanced HIV conditions in resource-limited settings (RLS). Our objective was to evaluate the correlation between the anti-toxoplasmic IgG (Tg-IgG) concentration and the immuno-virological status of PLWHIV.Methods : A prospective and cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWHIV aged>18 years from February to November 2018 at the Chantal BIYA international Reference Centre. Blood samples were collected from eligible consenting PLWHIV; Tg-IgG level was assessed by quantitative ELISA, CD4-T lymphocytes counts were measured by flow cytometry and HIV-1 plasma viral load (PVL) measurement by real-time-PCR. Data were analysed using Excel and Graph Pad softwares; with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results : A total of 100 PLWHIV were enrolled: 56% seropositive for IgG anti- Toxoplasma gondii, 33% seronegative and 11% indeterminate results. According to viremia, 100% (19/19) of those with PVL>1000 copies/mL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 52.85% (37/70) of those with PVL<1000 copies/mL (median [IQR] IgG concentration 152.78 [139.24-444.43] versus 34.44 [13.04-36.47] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. According to CD4, 100% (11/11) of those with T-CD4<200 cells/µL were seropositive to Tg-IgG versus 57.69% (45/78) of those with T-CD4>200 cells/µL (median IgG [IQR] 432.92 [145.06-450.47] versus 35.01 [15.01-38.01] IU/mL, respectively); p<0.0001. Interestingly, there were moderate-positive and strong-negative correlations respectively with HIV-1 PVL (r = 0.54; p<0.0001) and T-CD4 (r = -0.70; p<0.0001) as compared to Tg-IgG concentration. After adjusting for age, gender, immune status and PVL in logistic regression, only poor immune status (T-CD4<200 cells/µL) was independently associated to Tg-IgG seropositivity (p=0.0004).Conclusion : In a typical RLS like Cameroon, about half of PLWHIV might be seropositive to Tg-IgG. Of relevance, decreasing immunity appears with risk of increasing IgG anti- T gondii concentration, which suggests a relapse of toxoplasmosis. Thus, in the context of immunodeficiency, routine quantification of Tg-IgG would alleviate the programmatic burden of this opportunistic infection in RLS with generalized HIV epidemics.

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